Since ancient times, heroes have produced teenagers. In history, we have seen countless talented teenagers invent various theories, methods, technologies and products that change the world.

Today, teenagers with unlimited imagination and creativity are also changing the world with their own inventions.

Looking at their inventions, some can bring new impetus to the transformation of an industry, while others hope to save the lives of a group. But all roads lead to the same goal, and their inventions are put forward because they see the existence of a certain problem and want to change and solve it.

Of course, behind their inventions, we should pay more attention to what kind of education and environment can provide fertile ground for teenagers to give full play to their imagination and creativity. What should we do to naturally shape this kind of education and environment.

After all, young people are strong, and technology is strong; Youth is strong, then the country is strong.

1. Ionic liquids for industrial carbon capture.

CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases, but it is also a rich resource. At present, some organic solvents are commonly used in industrial production to absorb CO2, but it is difficult to release CO2 again, and it is easy to corrode industrial equipment.

In September, 2017, Zhao Songrui, who is already a freshman in the School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Peking University, won the special prize of the European Association of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences for his "Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine Ionic Liquids and CO2 Absorption Performance", which achieved a zero breakthrough for Chinese players in the EU Young Scientists Competition.

The pyridine ionic liquids studied by Zhao Songrui can quickly attract and release CO2, and the stability is very good. This technology has a broad application prospect in the field of industrial carbon capture.

2. Ultra-efficient catalyst converts plastic waste into biofuel.

AzzaAbdelHamidFaiad, an Egyptian girl, found a cheap catalyst at the age of 16, which can quickly and continuously convert plastic waste into biofuel.

Faiad successfully decomposed waste plastics into methane, propane and ethane by using calcium-based bentonite as catalyst, and then converted it into ethanol for fuel use.

The process can produce as much as 138,000 tons of hydrocarbon gas every year, and generate biofuels worth 78 million dollars. Egypt produces about 1 million tons of waste plastics every year, which is helpful to Egypt’s environmental protection and economic development.

She won the prize of European Nuclear Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) in the 23rd European Union Young Scientists Competition, and attracted the attention of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute.

3. Life-saving building fire smoke mask system

In 2013, AlexisLewis, an American girl, heard a mother throw a 2-year-old child from the second floor to avoid the harm caused by fire smoke to the child, which led to the idea of designing a smoke mask.

In order to save the people trapped in the building by the fire, Lewis found in the experiment that the success rate of directly throwing the smoke mask into the room from the window was very low, so he designed several 3D printed bomb prototypes and installed a light smoke mask produced by XcaperIndustries, a professional respiratory protection equipment manufacturer, in the bomb.

After more than 290 tests by 37 firefighters throwing bullets at the second floor window, the rugby-type bullets with throwing accuracy exceeding 70% were finally determined.

The design can provide a safe breathing mask for those who encounter fire and have no time to escape, which effectively protects the lives of residents.

Lewis was only 15 years old when he designed the smoke mask system, and he had many patent inventions.

4. Using algae to convert CO2 from automobile exhaust into oxygen.

In 2008, ParamJaggi, a 16-year-old American boy, began to pay attention to automobile exhaust emissions while learning to drive. He designed an exhaust purifier using seaweed, which can reduce carbon dioxide in automobile exhaust.

With this invention, he won a prize of 8,000 dollars and a sustainable development award from the US Environmental Protection Agency.

ParamJaggi has applied for a patent and set up a company. The first product developed by Paramjaggi, AlgaeMobile carbon filtration system, has built-in panels covered with special algae strains on both sides, and uses photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide emitted by automobiles to produce oxygen and glucose (for feeding algae).

Considering that automobile exhaust emissions are too fast, Jaggi arranges a plurality of panels in a staggered way to increase the contact surface area of carbon dioxide and melt carbon dioxide into water to form carbonic acid; Sodium hydroxide placed in the filter reacts with carbonic acid to form harmless carbonate.

ParamJaggi has won many honors and been included in Forbes’ list of 30 outstanding men under the age of 30 in American science and technology field.

5. Simple life-saving equipment in the car to prevent children from dying of heat.

Every year, many children around the world die of heat in cars for various reasons. In 2011, AndrewPelham, an 11-year-old American boy, came up with the concept of EZBabySaver when he heard that a 10-month-old baby was trapped in a car and died of heat.

Pelham’s invention is made of rubber sleeve and adhesive tape, which connects the handle in the front door of the car with the driver’s back seat, thus reminding parents to check the back seat before getting off the bus to prevent tragedy. With this invention, he won the runner-up in the Young Inventors Group in the Rubber Band Competition.

According to media reports, hundreds of parents and grandparents around the world told Pelham by email that they had made this simple baby protector. Although the attention of this small invention is limited, we have to admit that it is a very effective invention.

6. Low-cost Lego Braille printers

In 1824, Louis Blair, a 15-year-old French blind man, created French Braille to help countless blind people read.

In 2014, 13-year-old American boy ShubhamBanerjee used robot toys and programming technology to help the blind again.

Banerjee assembled a Braille printer Braigo using Lego EV3 set with a price of $350. The printer can print Braille with better recognition ability by updating the built-in software and enhancing the hardware.

The invention directly reduces the price of Braille printers on the market from 2000 dollars to 350 dollars. Banerjee has set up a laboratory, focusing on the research of low-cost Braille printing technology, and obtained the investment from Intel. The lab also developed "the world’s first low-cost/silent/on-chip translation /IOT-Cloud printer concept".

This invention helped Banerjee win the 2014 Technology Award and was invited to attend the WhiteHouseMakerFaire (Creative DIY Party) held in the White House.

7. Cheap and rapid Ebola detection

In 2015, OliviaHallisey, a 16-year-old American middle school student, invented a new Ebola virus detection technology.

The invention is based on the principle of chemical reaction. When Ebola virus in blood reacts with chemicals in the reagent, the reagent will change color. This method can complete the detection within 30 minutes.

In addition, the cost of each detection is only 25 dollars, and the storage and transportation of reagents do not need refrigeration.

This invention helped Hallisey win a $50,000 scholarship in the 2015 Google Science Challenge.

(Source: Capital Lab, Li Xin. The content only represents the author’s personal views, not the position of the forum)

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　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Shaofei) Because of the state visit of the Supreme Leader of president, China, the reports on Serbia have suddenly warmed up.

　　But in fact, in China, most people know little about Serbia. Talking about this country with the "key to the Balkans", Chinese people are still more impressed by the "Yugoslavia" era, which has become a historical term.

　　In that distant but unforgettable memory, there are Tito, the leader who never bowed to power, Walter, the elusive guerrilla hero, the passionate Yugoslav football, and the vicissitudes and beautiful ancient city Belgrade … …

　　Man of iron "Tito"

Tito statue (photo by Xue Qun) Image source: Xinhua International

　　There is no doubt that Tito is the totem of modern Yugoslavia. In the special era of the two world wars, in the face of the invasion of fascism, Tito, as commander-in-chief of the People’s Army, United the divided Balkan Peninsula into a powerful whole with his super personal charm, and Yugoslavia, which was formed by the union of six republics including Serbia and Croatia, twisted into a rope and fought bravely against the invaders.

　　Tito’s legend goes beyond that. After World War II, unlike most socialist countries, Yugoslavia under his administration deliberately kept a distance from the Soviet Union and insisted on independence and non-alignment movement. Yugoslavia is the only socialist country in Europe that has not joined the Warsaw Pact, openly challenging Big Brother.

　　After successive assassinations, Tito said strongly in his letter to Stalin: Don’t send someone to kill me. We have arrested 500 people, some with bombs and some with guns … … If you still send someone to kill me, then I will send someone to Moscow, and I will definitely not send the second one.

　　In 1974, 82-year-old Tito became the lifelong president of Yugoslavia. In 1977, the communist party revolutionary was invited to visit China. Tito, who insisted on independence and was not afraid of power all his life, was warmly sought after in China.

　　In 1980, Yugoslavia’s "God-given leader" died of illness. Twelve years after Tito’s death, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was founded by this great leader, was dissolved.

　　Guerrilla hero "Walter"

　Walter Defends Sarajevo has influenced a generation in China, and Walter’s image is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Image source: Xinhuanet

　　If Tito is a realistic hero of Yugoslavia, then Walter is a superman on the screen.

　　Walter is from the classic Yugoslav film Walter Defends Sarajevo. In the 1980s, this film was introduced into China and gained a large number of fans.

　　Walter, the hero, is brave and witty, and the heroic image of leading guerrillas to fight against German Nazi aggression is deeply rooted in the hearts of Chinese people. Walter has also become synonymous with Yugoslav nationals, so that today, more than 40 years later, the death of Bata Zivojinovic, the leading actor in the film, still arouses a flood of nostalgia in China, which shows the influence of Walter in China.

　　This reflects the popularity of Yugoslav films in China in those years. Apart from Walter Defending Sarajevo, films and TV works such as The Bridge and The Blacklist are also popular in China. It can be said that in the 1970s and 1980s, Yugoslav films were as popular in China as domestic audiences loved Hollywood blockbusters.

　　The Golden Age of Yugoslav Football

Red Star Belgrade, which won the Champions League in 1991

　　Football is another indelible impression of Yugoslavia. In the second half of the last century, Yugoslav football, with both European body and American skills, was at its peak.

　　In the first World Cup after World War II, Yugoslavia finished fifth, and in the 1962 World Cup, they reached the semi-finals. The record of the European Cup is even more brilliant. In 1960 and 1968, Yugoslavia won the runner-up twice.

　　After entering the 1980s and 1990s, Yugoslav football reached its peak. The domestic league champion Red Star Belgrade won the Champions League in 1990-91 and the Toyota Cup in 1991, and a number of talented players such as Suk, Bo Ban, savicevic and Pan Caifu were born. At that time, European giants such as Real Madrid, Barcelona and AC Milan often had Yugoslav players.

　　However, in a longer period of time, Yugoslav football is playing a sad role. Although there are many talented people, due to internal consumption and disputes, Yugoslav football at the national team level has never won the championship.

　　In 1992, the Yugoslav team, which was at its peak and had a high voice to win the championship, had to quit because of the civil war, resulting in a romantic "Danish fairy tale", which replaced Yugoslavia and won the championship in one fell swoop.

　　After the dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation, that beautiful and sad golden age also went with it. However, the glory and beauty of the past are still amazing from time to time. The words of former Bosnia and Herzegovina coach Susic are the epitome of this complex: "If it weren’t for the war, Yugoslavia might win the World Cup one day. I know that thinking like this has long been useless, but sometimes you still dream that all this can happen. "

　　The city called Belgrade.　

Belgrade　

　　As the former capital of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and now the capital of Serbia, Belgrade, together with Havana in Cuba and Tirana in Albania, has been regarded as the three bright lights of socialism for a long time, and Chinese people have special feelings for this historic city.

　　But sadly, due to fierce and frequent wars, this beautiful city has experienced hardships and scars. During World War II alone, it was bombed twice: in 1941, the attack by German troops paralyzed all the public service systems in this city, and the destroyed buildings included the National Library and most government agencies. At the end of the war in 1944, British and American planes bombed Beicheng under the Nazi occupation of Germany for another half year. After the end of World War II, more than one third of the houses in this city were in ruins. In 1999, this modern city was attacked by NATO again.

　　After entering the new century, this ancient city finally ushered in a relatively quiet period, and Belgrade was able to regain its glory. Today, beautiful sava river passes through the urban area, dividing Belgrade into two parts, an antique old city on one side and a new city with modern buildings on the other.

　　People can easily stroll in the Mikhail Square in the center of the city, or walk in the artistic old street of Scatania. You can also climb the ancient castle in Kalemegdan Park and look out. Here, the clear sava river pours into the long Danube, and the whole city has a panoramic view.

　　On 17th, it will welcome the distinguished guests from China and continue to write the friendship story between two legendary countries.

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the sustained and stable economic development, China’s industrial chain supply chain has made great progress, its core competitiveness has been continuously enhanced, and its independent and controllable ability has been further enhanced. China’s position in the global industrial chain supply chain continues to climb, which provides strong support for accelerating the construction of a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development.

At the same time, however, the unbalanced development of China’s industrial chain supply chain is more prominent, and different industries have obvious differences in development speed, development stage and modernization level. In particular, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, the game between big countries has intensified, the suppression and containment from outside may escalate at any time, the risk of "chain sticking" and "chain breaking" has increased, and the trend of "decoupling" is looming, which brings great challenges to the reliability and security of China’s industrial chain supply chain. Therefore, we must adhere to the bottom line thinking, plan ahead, speed up the short board, strong and weak items, focus on improving the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain, and firmly grasp the development initiative in our own hands.

First, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. Based on independent innovation, we should make good use of the remarkable institutional advantages of "a national chess game" to concentrate on doing great things, give play to the basic and strategic supporting role of education, science and technology and talents, take the national strategic demand as the guide, gather strength to carry out original and leading scientific and technological research, speed up the breakthrough and self-control of key core technologies, reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, break the situation that key core technologies are subject to people as soon as possible, and make the supply chain of industrial chain "complement, extend, consolidate and strengthen"

The second is to strengthen the construction of the industrial chain supply chain ecosystem. It is necessary to give play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, solve a number of "stuck-neck" problems as soon as possible, open up blocking points and solve difficulties, especially to fill in outstanding shortcomings such as basic software, core hardware and basic raw materials, accelerate the improvement of the modernization level of industrial chain supply chain, and realize independent control of industrial chain supply chain; Consolidate and enhance the international leading position of traditional advantageous industries, build a coordinated industrial chain supply chain system with high, medium and low end, and enhance the toughness of industrial chain supply chain; Actively promote the international cooperation of industrial chain supply chain, establish an industrial chain supply chain ecosystem with China’s industrial chain supply chain as the core and radiate many aspects, and continuously enhance the international influence of China’s industrial chain supply chain.

The third is to continuously stimulate the vitality of market players. To improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain, the market subject is the core. Promote a better combination of effective market and promising government, create a market-oriented, rule-based and international first-class business environment, boost the development confidence of market participants, enhance their expectations, give full play to the engine function and radiation-driven role of leading enterprises, promote the mutual support and coordinated development of industrial chain and supply chain, create a number of "specialized and innovative" enterprises, breed more new industries, new models and new formats, form more new growth poles and points, and create new advantages of industrial chain and supply chain.

(national academy of economic strategy researcher Zhang Deyong)

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

Notice on printing and distributing the Interim Measures for the administration of competitive consultation procurement methods in government procurement

Caiku [2014] No.214

Relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee, ministries and commissions of the State Council, directly affiliated institutions, General Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), General Office of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, High Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, relevant people’s organizations, finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and centralized procurement institutions:

　　In order to deepen the reform of the government procurement system, adapt to the needs of promoting the government to purchase services and promoting the cooperation between government and social capital (PPP), according to the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and relevant laws and regulations, the Ministry of Finance has formulated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation in Government Procurement. It is issued to you, please follow it.

　　Annex: Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation Procurement Mode of Government Procurement

the Ministry of Finance

　　December 31, 2014

　　attachment

　　Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation Procurement Methods of Government Procurement

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with Item 6, Paragraph 1, Article 26 of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law) for the purpose of regulating government procurement behavior and safeguarding national interests, social public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of parties involved in government procurement.

　　Article 2 The term "competitive negotiation procurement mode" as mentioned in these Measures means that the purchaser and the government procurement agency negotiate with qualified suppliers on the procurement of goods, projects and services through the establishment of a competitive consultation group (hereinafter referred to as the consultation group), and the suppliers submit response documents and quotations according to the requirements of the consultation documents, and the purchaser determines the procurement mode of the clinched supplier from the list of candidate suppliers proposed after the review of the consultation group.

　　Article 3 Projects that meet the following conditions may be purchased through competitive negotiation:

　　(1) Services purchased by the government;

　　(two) the technology is complex or special, and it is impossible to determine the detailed specifications or specific requirements;

　　(3) The total price cannot be calculated in advance because the time and quantity of art procurement, patents, proprietary technology or services cannot be determined in advance;

　　(four) scientific research projects with insufficient market competition, as well as scientific and technological achievements transformation projects that need support;

　　(five) in accordance with the bidding law and its implementing regulations, the construction projects other than the construction projects that must be tendered.

　　Chapter II Consultation Procedures

　　Article 4 Where the procurement of goods and services that meet the standard of open tender amount intends to adopt the competitive negotiation procurement method, the purchaser shall, before the start of procurement activities, apply to the financial department of the people’s government at or above the municipal or autonomous prefecture level for approval according to law after reporting to the competent budget unit for approval.

　　Article 5 Purchasers and procurement agencies shall organize competitive consultations in accordance with the provisions of the Government Procurement Law and these Measures, and take necessary measures to ensure that the consultations are conducted in strict confidentiality.

　　No unit or individual may illegally interfere with or influence the negotiation process and results.

　　Article 6 A purchaser and a procurement agency shall invite at least three suppliers who meet the corresponding qualifications to participate in competitive negotiation and procurement activities by issuing an announcement, randomly selecting from the supplier library established by the financial department at or above the provincial level, or recommending in writing by the purchaser and the evaluation experts respectively.

　　Suppliers who meet the requirements stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law may join the supplier library before the procurement activities begin. The financial department shall not charge any fees for the supplier’s application for warehousing, and shall not use the supplier’s library to block the region and industry.

　　If the supplier is selected by the written recommendation of the purchaser and the evaluation experts, the purchaser and the evaluation experts shall issue their own written recommendations. The proportion of suppliers recommended by the purchaser shall not be higher than 50% of the total number of recommended suppliers.

　　Article 7 Where a supplier is invited by announcement, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall issue a competitive consultation announcement in the government procurement information release media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. The announcement of competitive consultation shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the name, location and contact method of the purchaser and the procurement agency;

　　(two) the name, quantity, brief specification description or basic introduction of the procurement project;

　　(three) the budget of the procurement project;

　　(4) Qualifications of suppliers;

　　(five) the time, place and method of obtaining the consultation documents and the price of the consultation documents;

　　(6) The deadline, opening time and place for submitting the response documents;

　　(seven) the name and telephone number of the contact person of the procurement project.

　　Article 8 Competitive consultation documents (hereinafter referred to as consultation documents) shall be formulated according to the characteristics of the procurement project and the actual needs of the purchaser, and shall be approved by the purchaser in writing. The purchaser shall take meeting the actual demand as the principle, and shall not raise the procurement standards such as budget and asset allocation without authorization.

　　Consultation documents shall not require or indicate the name of suppliers or the brand of specific goods, and shall not contain conditions such as technology and services directed to specific suppliers.

　　Article 9 The consultation documents shall include supplier qualification conditions, procurement invitation, procurement method, procurement budget, procurement demand, government procurement policy requirements, evaluation procedures, evaluation methods, evaluation criteria, price composition or quotation requirements, preparation requirements of response documents, the amount and form of deposit payment, the situation that the deposit will not be returned, the contents that may be substantially changed during the consultation, the deadline for submission of response documents, the opening time and place, and the terms of the draft contract, etc.

　　Article 10 It shall not be less than 10 days from the date when the consultation document is issued to the deadline when the supplier submits the first response document.

　　The selling price of consultation documents shall be determined in accordance with the principle of making up the production cost of consultation documents, and shall not be for profit, and shall not be based on the project budget. The sale period of the consultation documents shall not be less than 5 working days from the date of commencement.

　　Before the deadline for submitting the first response document, the purchaser, the procurement agency or the consultation group may make necessary clarifications or amendments to the issued consultation document, and the contents of the clarifications or amendments shall be regarded as an integral part of the consultation document. If the clarification or modification may affect the preparation of the response document, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall notify all suppliers who have obtained the consultation document in writing at least 5 days before the deadline for submitting the first response document; If it is less than 5 days, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall postpone the deadline for submitting the first response document.

　　Article 11 A supplier shall prepare a response document according to the requirements of the consultation document, and bear legal responsibility for the authenticity and legality of the response document submitted by it.

　　Article 12 The purchaser and the procurement agency may require the supplier to pay the negotiation deposit before the deadline for submitting the response documents. The negotiation deposit shall be paid in non-cash forms such as checks, drafts, promissory notes or letters of guarantee issued by financial institutions and guarantee institutions. The amount of negotiation deposit shall not exceed 2% of the procurement project budget. If the supplier fails to submit the negotiation deposit according to the requirements of the negotiation documents, the response is invalid.

　　If the supplier is a consortium, one or more parties in the consortium can jointly pay the negotiation deposit, and the deposit paid by them is binding on all parties in the consortium.

　　Article 13 The supplier shall seal the response document and deliver it to the designated place before the deadline required by the consultation document. The response documents delivered after the deadline are invalid documents, and the purchaser, procurement agency or consultative group shall reject them.

　　Before the deadline for submission of response documents, the supplier may supplement, modify or withdraw the submitted response documents, and notify the purchaser and procurement agency in writing. The supplemented and modified contents shall be taken as an integral part of the response document. If the content of supplement and modification is inconsistent with the response document, the content of supplement and modification shall prevail.

　　Article 14 The consultative group shall consist of three or more representatives of the purchaser and review experts, and the number of review experts shall not be less than 2/3 of the total number of members of the consultative group. The purchaser’s representative shall not participate in the evaluation of the procurement projects of the department or the unit as an evaluation expert. Personnel of a procurement agency shall not participate in the review of procurement projects represented by this agency.

　　For government procurement projects that adopt competitive negotiation, the evaluation experts shall be randomly selected from the list of experts in relevant professions in the government procurement evaluation expert database. In accordance with the provisions of Article 3, paragraph 4 of these Measures, and in special circumstances, it is difficult to determine the appropriate evaluation experts through random methods. With the consent of the competent budget unit, the evaluation experts can be selected by themselves. For procurement projects with complex technology and strong professionalism, one legal expert shall be included in the evaluation experts.

　　Fifteenth evaluation experts shall abide by the discipline of evaluation work, and shall not disclose the evaluation situation and the business secrets learned during the evaluation.

　　In the process of evaluation, the consultative group finds that the supplier has committed illegal acts such as bribery, providing false materials or collusion, and shall report to the financial department in time.

　　Experts who have been illegally interfered in the evaluation process shall report to the finance and supervision departments in a timely manner.

　　Sixteenth members of the consultative group shall, in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and prudence, conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the consultation documents. The response documents that do not substantially respond to the consultation documents shall be treated as invalid responses, and the consultation team shall inform the suppliers that submitted the response documents.

　　If the contents of the consultation documents violate the relevant mandatory provisions of the state, the consultation group shall stop the review and explain the situation to the purchaser or procurement agency.

　　Seventeenth buyers, procurement agencies shall not make biased and misleading explanations or explanations to the evaluation experts in the consultative group.

　　The purchaser and procurement agency may, depending on the specific situation of the procurement project, organize the supplier to conduct on-site inspection or hold a question-and-answer meeting before the consultation, but shall not organize the on-site inspection and question-and-answer meeting with only one supplier separately or separately.

　　Article 18 When reviewing the validity, completeness and response degree of the response documents, the consultative group may require the suppliers to make necessary clarifications, explanations or corrections to the contents in the response documents that are ambiguous in meaning, inconsistent in the expression of similar problems, or have obvious errors in writing and calculation. The supplier’s clarification, explanation or correction shall not go beyond the scope of the response document or change the substantive content of the response document.

　　The response documents required by the consultative group for suppliers to clarify, explain or correct shall be made in writing. The clarification, explanation or correction of the supplier shall be signed or stamped with the official seal by the legal representative or his authorized representative. Signed by an authorized representative, a power of attorney from the legal representative shall be attached. If the supplier is a natural person, it shall be signed by himself and attached with identification certificate.

　　Article 19 All members of the consultative group shall focus on separate consultations with a single supplier, and give all suppliers participating in the consultations equal consultation opportunities.

　　Article 20 During the consultation, the consultative group may substantially change the technical and service requirements in the procurement requirements and the terms of the draft contract according to the consultation documents and the consultation situation, but shall not change other contents in the consultation documents. The content of substantive changes shall be confirmed by the purchaser’s representative.

　　The substantive changes made to the consultation document are an effective part of the consultation document, and the consultation team shall notify all the suppliers participating in the consultation in writing in time.

　　The supplier shall resubmit the response document according to the changes of the consultation document and the requirements of the consultation group, and sign or affix the official seal by its legal representative or authorized representative. Signed by an authorized representative, a power of attorney from the legal representative shall be attached. If the supplier is a natural person, it shall be signed by himself and attached with identification certificate.

　　Article 21 If the consultation document can specify the technical and service requirements of the subject matter of the procurement in detail, after the negotiation, the consultation group shall require all the suppliers who have substantially responded to submit the final quotation within the specified time, and the number of suppliers who have submitted the final quotation shall not be less than three.

　　If the technical and service requirements of the procurement target cannot be specified in detail in the consultation document, and the final design scheme or solution needs to be provided by the supplier after consultation, after the consultation, the consultation team shall vote to recommend the design schemes or solutions of more than three suppliers according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and ask them to submit the final quotation within the specified time.

　　The final quotation is an effective part of the supplier’s response document. In case of meeting Item 4 of Article 3 of these Measures, there may be two suppliers who submit the final quotation.

　　Twenty-second suppliers who have submitted response documents may withdraw from the negotiation according to the negotiation situation before submitting the final quotation. The purchaser and the procurement agency shall refund the consultation deposit of the supplier who has withdrawn from the consultation.

　　Article 23 After the final purchase demand and the supplier who submitted the final quotation are determined through consultation, the consultation team will comprehensively score the response documents and the final quotation of the supplier who submitted the final quotation by using the comprehensive scoring method.

　　Comprehensive scoring method refers to the evaluation method that the response documents meet all the substantive requirements of the consultation documents and the supplier with the highest score is the candidate supplier for the transaction according to the quantitative indicators of the evaluation factors.

　　Twenty-fourth comprehensive evaluation criteria in the score setting should be corresponding to the quantitative indicators of evaluation factors. The evaluation criteria not specified in the consultation document shall not be used as the basis for evaluation.

　　During the review, each member of the consultative group shall independently evaluate and score each effective response document, and then summarize the scores of each scoring factor of each supplier.

　　According to the comprehensive scoring method, the price score of goods accounts for 30% to 60% of the total score, and the price score of services accounts for 10% to 30% of the total score. If there are different procurement objects in the procurement project, the procurement object with the highest proportion of project funds shall determine its project attributes. In line with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 3 of these Measures and the implementation of unified price standards, the price of the project is not listed as a scoring factor. There are special circumstances that need to set the price distribution weight outside the above-mentioned provisions, which shall be approved by the financial department of the people’s government at the corresponding level.

　　The price score in the comprehensive scoring method is calculated by the low price priority method, that is, the price of the supplier who meets the requirements of the negotiation documents and finally offers the lowest price is the negotiation benchmark price, and its price score is full marks. The prices of other suppliers are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

　　Negotiation quotation score = (negotiation benchmark price/final negotiation quotation) × price weight ×100

　　In the process of project review, the highest and lowest quotations in the final quotation shall not be removed.

　　Article 25 The consultative group shall, according to the comprehensive scores, recommend more than three candidate suppliers for the transaction in the order of the evaluation scores from high to low, and prepare the evaluation report. In accordance with the third paragraph of article twenty-first of these measures, two candidate suppliers can be recommended. If the evaluation scores are the same, it shall be recommended according to the order of the final quotation from low to high. If the evaluation score is the same and the final quotation is the same, it shall be recommended in the order of technical indicators.

　　Article 26 The review report shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the specific ways and relevant information of inviting suppliers to participate in procurement activities;

　　(two) the date and place of opening the response document;

　　(3) A list of suppliers who have obtained the consultation documents and a list of members of the consultation group;

　　(4) Records and explanations of the review, including the qualification review of suppliers, the review of suppliers’ response documents, consultations, quotations, etc.;

　　(5) The ranking list of the proposed candidate suppliers for the transaction and the reasons.

　　Twenty-seventh review report shall be signed by all the members of the consultative group. If the members of the consultative group disagree with the review report, the consultative group will recommend the candidate suppliers for the transaction according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and the procurement procedure will continue. Members of the consultative group who have objections to the review report shall sign different opinions on the report and explain the reasons, and the consultative group shall record the relevant information in writing. If the members of the consultative group refuse to sign the report and do not explain their different opinions and reasons in writing, they shall be deemed to have agreed to review the report.

　　Twenty-eighth procurement agencies shall, within 2 working days after the end of the review, send the review report to the purchaser for confirmation.

　　The purchaser shall, within 5 working days after receiving the evaluation report, determine the transaction supplier from the candidate suppliers proposed in the evaluation report according to the principle of ranking from high to low, or authorize the consultation group to directly determine the transaction supplier in writing. If the purchaser fails to determine the supplier of the transaction within the time limit and does not raise any objection, it shall be deemed that the supplier ranked first in the evaluation report is determined as the supplier of the transaction.

　　Article 29 The purchaser or procurement agency shall, within 2 working days after the supplier is confirmed, announce the transaction result on the government procurement information release media designated by the financial department at or above the provincial level, and issue a transaction notice to the supplier at the same time, and announce the negotiation documents together with the transaction result. The announcement of the transaction result shall include the following contents:

　　(a) the name, address and contact information of the purchaser and the procurement agency;

　　(2) Project name and project number;

　　(three) the name, address and transaction amount of the supplier;

　　(four) the name, specifications, quantity, unit price and service requirements of the main transaction targets;

　　(5) List of members of the Consultative Group.

　　If a supplier is recommended in writing to participate in procurement activities, the recommendation opinions of the purchaser and the evaluation experts shall also be announced.

　　Article 30 The purchaser and the supplier shall, within 30 days from the date of issuing the notice of transaction, sign the government procurement contract according to the contract text determined in the consultation document, as well as the procurement subject matter, specifications and models, purchase amount, purchase quantity, technology and service requirements.

　　The purchaser shall not put forward any requirements beyond the negotiation documents to the supplier as a condition for signing the contract, and shall not conclude an agreement with the supplier that deviates from the contract text determined in the negotiation documents and the substantive contents such as the procurement target, specifications, purchase amount, purchase quantity, technology and service requirements.

　　Article 31 The purchaser or procurement agency shall return the negotiation deposit of the supplier in time after the procurement activities, except that it cannot be returned in time due to the supplier’s own reasons. The negotiation deposit of unsuccessful suppliers shall be returned within 5 working days after the transaction notice is issued, and the negotiation deposit of successful suppliers shall be returned within 5 working days after the signing of the procurement contract.

　　In any of the following circumstances, the negotiation deposit will not be refunded:

　　(1) The supplier withdraws the response documents after the deadline for submitting the response documents;

　　(2) The supplier provides false materials in the response document;

　　(3) The supplier fails to sign a contract with the purchaser, except for cases recognized by force majeure or negotiation documents;

　　(four) suppliers and purchasers, other suppliers or procurement agencies in bad faith;

　　(5) Other circumstances stipulated in the consultation document.

　　Article 32 The purchaser or procurement agency shall not organize re-evaluation for any reason, except that the qualification inspection finds errors, the scores are calculated incorrectly, the sub-items are beyond the scope of scoring standards, the objective scores are inconsistent, and the scores are unanimously determined by the consultation group to be abnormally high or abnormally low. If the purchaser or procurement agency finds that the consultative group has not conducted the review according to the review criteria stipulated in the consultation document, it shall re-launch the procurement activities and report to the financial department at the same level in writing.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall not change the evaluation results by testing samples or inspecting suppliers.

　　Article 33 Where a supplier refuses to sign a government procurement contract, the purchaser may determine other suppliers as the supplier and sign a government procurement contract according to the principle stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 28 of these Measures, or may resume procurement activities. The supplier who refuses to sign the government procurement contract shall not participate in the procurement activities of the project.

　　Article 34 Under any of the following circumstances, the purchaser or procurement agency shall terminate the competitive negotiation procurement activities, issue a project termination announcement and explain the reasons, and resume the procurement activities:

　　(a) due to changes in circumstances, it no longer meets the requirements of the application of competitive negotiation procurement methods;

　　(two) there are violations of laws and regulations that affect the procurement justice;

　　(3) Except for the circumstances specified in the third paragraph of Article 21 of these Measures, there are less than three suppliers who meet the requirements in the procurement process or whose quotations do not exceed the procurement budget.

　　Article 35 If the procurement task is cancelled due to major changes in the procurement activities, the purchaser or procurement agency shall terminate the procurement activities, notify all suppliers participating in the procurement activities, and report the project implementation and the reasons for canceling the procurement task to the financial department at the same level.

　　Chapter III Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 36 If there are other provisions in the relevant legal system on the competitive negotiation and procurement of government and social capital cooperation projects, those provisions shall prevail.

　　Thirty-seventh the term "competent budget unit" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the state organs, institutions and organizations responsible for compiling departmental budgets and reporting budgets to the financial departments at the same level.

　　Article 38 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Catalogue

Part I Overview of National Radio Monitoring Center

I. Main functions

Second, the composition of departmental budget units

Part II Department Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

I. Summary of departmental revenue and expenditure

Second, the department income summary table

III. Summary of Departmental Expenditure

IV. Summary of Financial Appropriations and Income and Expenditure

V. General public budget expenditure table

VI. Basic Expenditure Table of General Public Budget

Seven, the general public budget "three public" expenditure table

Eight, the government fund budget expenditure table

Nine, the state-owned capital operating budget expenditure table

Part III Description of the Department Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

The fourth part explains nouns.

Part I Overview of National Radio Monitoring Center

I. Main functions

The National Radio Monitoring Center (National Radio Spectrum Management Center) is a public welfare institution directly under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Entrusted by the Ministry, its main responsibilities are:

(a) in accordance with the provisions of the "Regulations on Radio Management in People’s Republic of China (PRC)", as a national radio management technical institution, it undertakes technical work related to radio frequency and satellite orbit resources, radio stations, radio transmitting equipment management and foreign-related radio management, and provides support for national radio management.

(two) to undertake the monitoring of short-wave and space business radio signals and the positioning of interference sources, and to find the relevant radio stations (stations) that are set up and used without permission; Monitor whether the relevant radio stations (stations) carry out their work in accordance with international rules, agreements signed between China and other countries, administrative licensing matters and requirements.

(three) to undertake the technical work related to the development of national radio management; Participate in radio monitoring of ultrashort wave and microwave frequency bands in Beijing.

(four) to undertake the construction and operation of the relevant technical work information system of the national radio regulatory agency.

(five) to carry out radio management related policies, technical standards and technical specifications, data applications and other research work, and put forward policy suggestions.

(six) to provide technical guidance for radio management in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

To undertake other tasks assigned by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

Second, the composition of departmental budget units

The departmental budget of the National Radio Monitoring Center (hereinafter referred to as "the Center") in 2021 includes: the budget of the center at the same level, the budget of monitoring stations outside Beijing (8 in total) and the budget of self-supporting institutions affiliated to the Center (1 in total).

The national radio monitoring center in 2021, the scope of departmental budget three budget units include:

1 national radio monitoring center at the same level

2. Shanghai Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

3. Urumqi Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

4. Chengdu Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

5. Fujian Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

6. Shenzhen Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

7. Harbin Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

8. Shaanxi Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

9. Yunnan Monitoring Station of National Radio Monitoring Center

10. Testing Center of National Radio Monitoring Center

Part II Department Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

Part III Description of the Department Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

I. Description of the General Statement of Revenue and Expenditure of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

According to the principle of comprehensive budget, all income and expenditure of the National Radio Monitoring Center are included in the departmental budget management. Income includes: general public budget appropriation income, operating income of institutions, other income, and use of non-financial appropriation balance; Expenditure includes: expenditure on social security and employment, expenditure on resource exploration and industrial information, expenditure on housing security, and carry-over from last year to next year. The total revenue and expenditure budget of the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 is 297,909,500 yuan.

Two, about the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 income summary.

The revenue budget of the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 is 297,909,500 yuan, of which 10,517,100 yuan was carried forward from the previous year, accounting for 3.53%. The general public budget revenue was 89,815,400 yuan, accounting for 30.15%. The operating income of public institutions was 125 million yuan, accounting for 41.96%. The income from higher-level subsidies was 23,745,100 yuan, accounting for 7.97%, other income was 207,000 yuan, accounting for 0.07%, and the balance of non-financial appropriations was 48,624,900 yuan, accounting for 16.32%.

III. Explanation on the Summary of Expenditure of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

The expenditure budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 is 297,909,500 yuan, of which the basic expenditure is 123,164,500 yuan, accounting for 41.76%. The project expenditure is 51,804,900 yuan, accounting for 17.56%. The operating expenditure of public institutions was 120 million yuan, accounting for 40.68%.

Four, about the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 financial appropriation summary table.

The national radio monitoring center has a total budget of 100,332,500 yuan in 2021. Income includes: 89,815,400 yuan from the general public budget, 10,517,100 yuan carried forward from the previous year; Expenditure includes: 10,045,700 yuan for social security and employment, 78,155,000 yuan for resource exploration and industrial information, and 12,131,800 yuan for housing security.

V. Explanation on the General Public Budget Expenditure Table of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

The general public budget expenditure of the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 was 89,815,400 yuan, a decrease of 151,343,900 yuan or 62.76% compared with the implementation in 2020. In accordance with the relevant requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on living a tight life, we will practise economy in all undertakings, vigorously reduce general expenditures, and focus on reducing public funds and non-urgent non-rigid expenditures, which are reflected in relevant expenditure subjects. The specific arrangements are as follows:

(1) The expenditure of 21,505 industrial and information industry supervision projects is estimated at 68,426,000 yuan at the beginning of 2021, which is 154,703,700 yuan less than the implementation in 2020, with a decrease of 69.33%. The main reason is: implementing the requirements of tight life and reducing the expenditure of radio and information communication supervision and development projects.

(II) The budget for the pension expenditure of administrative institutions in 20805 was 9,379,800 yuan in early 2021, an increase of 4,126,800 yuan or 78.56% compared with the implementation in 2020. The main reason is that the financial allocation for the pension expenditure of administrative institutions has increased.

(III) The expenditure of the 22102 housing reform expenditure project is budgeted at 12,009,600 yuan in early 2021, which is 767,000 yuan less than the implementation in 2020, with a decrease of 6.00%, mainly due to the decrease in housing subsidy expenditure.

(4) According to the classification of expenditure function, the expenditure on resource exploration, industrial information and other aspects accounts for a relatively high proportion of the total expenditure of the unit, mainly: the budget for industrial and information industry supervision in 2021 is 68.426 million yuan, accounting for 76.19% of the total expenditure of the unit, which is mainly used for radio and information communication supervision projects.

VI. Explanation on the Basic Expenditure Table of General Public Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

The basic expenditure of the general public budget of the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 is 50.818 million yuan. Among them:

The personnel expenses are 44,790,200 yuan, mainly including: basic salary, allowances and subsidies, performance salary, basic old-age insurance contributions of institutions, occupational annuity contributions, housing accumulation fund, medical expenses and retirement expenses.

The public funds are 6,027,800 yuan, mainly including: office expenses, printing fees, consulting fees, handling fees, water fees, electricity fees, post and telecommunications fees, heating fees, property management fees, travel expenses, rental fees, training fees, official reception fees, special materials fees, special fuel fees, labor fees, commissioned business fees, trade union funds, welfare fees, official vehicle operation and maintenance fees, and other transportation expenses.

VII. Explanation on the budget of the National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 for "three public funds"

In 2021, the financial allocation budget for the "three public funds" is 1,329,500 yuan, of which: the expenses for going abroad on business are 0,000 yuan; The purchase and operation cost of official vehicles is 1,260,100 yuan, including 1,260,100 yuan, which is mainly used for the maintenance of official vehicles (including radio monitoring business vehicles, etc.) and the operation and maintenance of radio safety vehicles for key major events such as the Winter Olympics; The official reception fee is 69,400 yuan, which is mainly used for business exchanges and technical discussions between the center and relevant domestic units, investigation and guidance from relevant departments, and foreign affairs reception. In 2021, the budget for the "three public" funds is increased compared with that in 2020 (mainly to increase the operation and maintenance expenses of radio safety vehicles for key major events such as the Winter Olympics), and the expenses for going abroad (the border) and the purchase expenses for official vehicles are both reduced compared with that in 2020.

VIII. Explanation on the Government Procurement Budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021

The total government procurement budget of National Radio Monitoring Center in 2021 was 10.9501 million yuan, including 921.9 million yuan for government procurement of goods and 10.0282 million yuan for government procurement of services.

The fourth part explains nouns.

I. Income subjects

(1) Revenue from financial appropriation: refers to the funds allocated by the central government in the current year.

(2) Operating income of public institutions: refers to the income obtained by non-independent accounting business activities of public institutions in addition to professional business activities and auxiliary activities.

(3) Other income: refers to income other than the above-mentioned "financial appropriation income", "business income" and "business income of public institutions". Such as investment income, interest income, etc.

(4) Carry-over from the previous year: refers to the funds that have not been completed in the previous year and are carried over to this year and continue to be used according to the original provisions.

Second, the expenditure subjects

(1) Social security and employment (category) Pension for administrative institutions (fund): refers to the expenditure of the center and its subordinate units on pension for administrative institutions.

1. Retirement of institutions (item): refers to the funds for retirees of the center and its affiliated institutions.

2. Expenditure of basic old-age insurance in institutions (item): refers to the expenditure of basic old-age insurance paid by the center and its affiliated institutions in implementing the old-age insurance system.

3. Occupational annuity payment expenditure of government agencies and institutions (item): refers to the occupational annuity expenditure paid by the center and its affiliated institutions in implementing the old-age insurance system.

(2) Resource exploration information, etc. (category): It reflects the expenditures for resource exploration, manufacturing, construction and industrial information, etc. The central budget mainly covers the subjects of industrial and information industry supervision expenditures.

1. Expenditure on supervision of industry and information industry (paragraph): refers to the expenditure used by the center and its affiliated institutions to ensure the operation of institutions and carry out supervision of industry and information industry.

(III) Expenditure on housing security (category) Expenditure on housing reform (paragraph): refers to the expenditure on housing reform by the center and its subordinate units in accordance with national policies.

1. Housing accumulation fund (item): it is a long-term housing deposit paid by the unit and its employees in accordance with the regulations on the management of housing accumulation fund. This policy began in the mid-1990s, and was widely implemented among employees in government agencies, enterprises and institutions nationwide. The minimum deposit ratio is not less than 5%, and the maximum deposit ratio is not more than 12%. The deposit base is the employee’s salary in the previous year. The deposit base of administrative units includes the post salary, grade salary, post salary and technical grade (post) salary of government workers, year-end one-time bonus, special post allowance, allowance for hard and remote areas, work allowance and living allowance issued after standardization; The deposit base of public institutions includes post salary, salary scale salary, performance salary, allowance for hard and remote areas, special post allowance, etc.

2. Rent-raising subsidy (item): It was approved by the State Council, and started in 2000 to raise the rent standard of public housing for central units in Beijing. The central units in Beijing determined the subsidy standard according to the number of on-the-job employees, retirees and corresponding ranks, and subsidized 90 yuan per capita monthly.

3. Housing Subsidy (Item): According to the Notice of the State Council Institute on Further Deepening the Reform of Urban Housing System and Accelerating Housing Construction (Guo Fa [1998] No.23), after the housing distribution in kind was stopped in the second half of 1998, the housing monetization reform subsidy funds were distributed to employees without housing and whose housing income ratio exceeded 4 times. The central administrative institutions began to issue housing subsidy funds in 2000, and local administrative institutions began to issue housing subsidy funds in succession in 1999, and enterprises decided on their own according to their own conditions. In Beijing, the central unit shall implement the standards stipulated in the General Office of the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC forwarded by the Ministry of Construction and other units < Office Word [2005] No.8 >, and outside Beijing, the central unit shall implement the policies, regulations and standards of the monetization reform of housing distribution of the local people’s government.

(4) Carry-over to the next year: refers to the funds arranged in the previous year’s budget, which cannot be implemented according to the original plan due to changes in objective conditions, and need to be postponed to the next year to continue to use according to the original specified purposes.

(5) Basic expenditure: refers to personnel expenditure and public expenditure incurred to ensure the normal operation of institutions and complete daily tasks.

(6) Project expenditure: refers to the expenditure incurred to complete specific administrative tasks and career development goals in addition to the basic expenditure.

(7) Operating expenses of public institutions: refers to the expenses incurred by public institutions in carrying out non-independent accounting business activities other than professional business activities and auxiliary activities.

Third, the "three public" funds

The "three public" funds included in the management of the central financial budget and final accounts refer to the expenses for going abroad (abroad), the purchase and operation of official vehicles and the official reception expenses arranged by the central departments with financial allocations. Among them, the expenses for going abroad on business reflect the international travel expenses, foreign city transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, meals, training fees, public and miscellaneous expenses, etc. of the unit going abroad on business; The purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles reflect the purchase expenses of official vehicles (including vehicle purchase tax), fuel expenses, maintenance fees, crossing fees, insurance fees, safety incentive fees and other expenses; The official reception fee reflects all kinds of official reception (including foreign guests’ reception) expenses of the unit according to the regulations.

　　On November 12th, the "Most Beautiful Books" in 2018 was announced. Twenty-five books from 20 publishing houses won the title of "Most Beautiful Books" this year, and they will represent China in the "Most Beautiful Books in the World" in 2019.

　　This year’s "China’s Most Beautiful Books" contest began in June this year, and a total of 541 volumes of 326 participating books were received. After two rounds of voting by all the judges, 25 "most beautiful books" of this year were produced on November 10th.

　　Founded in 2003, "The Most Beautiful Book" is an annual book design selection activity sponsored by Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau. For more than ten years, the "Most Beautiful Books" jury was entrusted by the German Book Art Foundation, the organizer of "The Most Beautiful Books in the World" in Leipzig, Germany, to invite top book designers at home and abroad to serve as judges, select and recommend the "Most Beautiful Books" from China in that year and send them to Leipzig, Germany to participate in the selection of "The Most Beautiful Books in the World" in the next year. Over the past decade, 15 batches of 321 kinds of "the most beautiful books" from China have appeared in Leipzig, Germany, and 19 kinds have won the award of "the most beautiful books in the world", including 2 gold medals.

　　For more than ten years, the evaluation of "The Most Beautiful Book" has always paid attention to the integrity of book design, the perfect combination of book content and form, the improvement of book function by book design, the harmony and unity of design style and suitable feel, and the application of technical means as an important element of design. After more than ten years of advocacy and accumulation, the concept of "the most beautiful book" has been increasingly accepted by the publishing and design circles in China.

　　Invited by the "Most Beautiful Books" jury, Japanese designer Mr. Song Tian Masamatsuda, German designer Ms. Konstanze Berner, Beijing, China designers Mr. Liu Xiaoxiang and Mr. Zhang Zhiwei, Guangdong, China designer Mr. Hong Wei and Taiwan, China designer Mr. Huang Yongsong served as the special judges of this year’s "Most Beautiful Books".

　　Attachment: Winners and comments of "The Most Beautiful Book" in 2018

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　Comments: The elegant gray tone of the book and the texture-rich paper used are very harmonious with the style of the ceramist’s works. The colorless and concave title needs readers to look carefully to form an introverted style. The concave-convex feeling of the seal reminds people of the production process of pottery, and also makes readers have expectations and reading desires for the content. The content of the book is mainly pictures, and the blank layout controls the rhythm of reading, and the priorities are clear, which sets off the author’s ceramic works.

　　The field of history

　　China Building Industry Press

　　Square books indicate many possibilities of space design on paper. Through the dialogue between architects and book designers in China, Japan and South Korea and the display of design works, the graphic designers in the space of paper reflect the control, understanding and design process of the "field" in architecture and paper, and the gap between the characters in typesetting is wide, or vertically or horizontally, suddenly large and small, and obliquely shooting at 45 degrees, which reflects different creative ideas, spatial awareness and layout logic of different styles. The paper material is soft, and the text content and architectural design concept are interlaced in the cube formed by thickness. The Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean characters have various typesetting forms.

　　Beijing Joint Publishing Company

　　This book uses a wooden box, which looks like an object. Open the box, the color matching of books is very chic, novel and pleasing to the eye. There are books and books, which is the popular way at present. The drawings in the book are beautifully designed, made of special paper, and of moderate size. It is commendable that the designer uses red for the annotations in the book, which is elegant with the main text.

　　Huichuang Youth: A Collection of Digital Media Art and Animation Works

　　Higher education press

　　The colors used in book design are very modern, and with abstract geometric figures, they have a strong visual impact and are full of youth. Every part of the book is combined with double contrasting colors, which is easy to identify at the incision of the book and convenient for readers to read and retrieve. Books are small and thick, with moderate feel and suitable for reading.

　　Shark

　　Literature and art development publishing house

　　Hand-made cover paper presents water ripples in line with the theme of the book, and the concave and convex texture increases the simplicity of the book. Concise text information is dotted on the spine of the book, which is convenient to find from the bookcase. The text uses simple gray-blue spot colors and the most restrained design elements to form an elegant and rhythmic layout. The calm and elegant overall style brings readers into the mysterious ocean world.

　　Spring blossoms facing the sea

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang literature and art publishing house

　　The uneven handwriting on the cover and the paper full of texture reflect the collision between tradition and modernity. The spine binding technique is simple and practical, and the plain cotton thread conforms to the tonality of this book. Text papers with different colors and textures distinguish the contents of books: Haizi’s poems are orange, representing the sun and the earth. Velco’s paintings are white, which represents pallor and depression. When two people meet, they sink into the soil (earth color). The incision is bound by riding nail which is cut first and then folded, which is unique.

　　Chongqing publishing house

　　Record the process of facial sketch comprehensively. The image adopts mirror image effect, and the subject is reflected from multiple angles by montage, which increases the reading pleasure. The package has visual coherence.

　　Xiangna Gallery

　　Shanghai People’s Fine Arts Publishing House

　　The overall shape of the book is slender. At first glance, it feels like a box with a sense of the future. The ratio of length to width is very comfortable, and the sense of weight of the book makes readers not surprised. The white cover is dotted with black numbers, which clearly conveys the history of the gallery. The soft paper in the text is different from the materials in the previous album, which increases the comfort of browsing. There is a huge amount of information, but the layout is orderly, the rhythm is moderate, and the overall design style is simple and quiet.

　　A brief history of the development of camellia bouquet in "micro-view"

　　China Building Industry Press

　　This book is a science and technology book. The cover is die-cut and the light pink tone is reminiscent of petals. The pink color that runs through the cover and text of the book is matched with the rhythmic layout design, and the two colored ribbons that are the finishing touch echo the two bright yellow pages in the middle of the inner page, embellishing the yellow of the camellia stamens. This design wins more with less, bringing readers into a world of camellia. The design of charts in the book not only extends the readability of information, but also enriches the formal language of design.

　　Commercial press

　　There are traces of birds everywhere. Two lines run through the text to represent the flight trajectory of birds and also represent the versions of the works of two translators. This design is quite poetic, light in material, and it fits the image of birds without showing emotion.

　　Beiyue literature and art publishing house

　　This is a set of low-cost books suitable for reading. Designers strive to be simple and clear in the design and use of paper. The concave pattern on the cover presents different scenery and lines in the author’s hometown, reflecting visual symbols such as water, rice fields, houses and wheat waves. The black text on the cover is arranged up and down, and the design is unique. Looking through the contents of the book, the version is designed with a large margin. A line does not exceed 30 words, and the number of lines on a page is controlled within 24 lines, which is beneficial to reading. The judges appreciated the designer’s attempt at this low-cost book design.

　　Shandong friendship publishing house

　　This book helps the blind to perceive the characters smoothly and read their contents by touching the source and development changes of Chinese characters and connecting with the cultural connotation behind the words. The book cover is designed in yellow and black, which looks heavy but actually light. Braille fonts on the inner page have a strong sense of touch and reflect the evolution process of Braille fonts. At the same time, in order to be suitable for ordinary readers to read, the text is specially matched with Braille, and the text can also be touched. The overall design of this book is concise and clear, and the visual effect is outstanding.

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　Color structure and word processing seem to be on the cloud, and the cover incision is mixed and exquisite. It would be better if it were lighter.

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　The perfect unity of design and content is very rare for the more difficult chronicle design. This design skillfully outlines the word "Gao" with thread fitting, adding a literary color. The text takes time as the context, and the layout is rigorous, leaving blank and ethereal, and the image of China is consistent with the cause of Gao Ershi, the protagonist of this book. The choice of paper is exquisite and light, and the signature position of the protagonist on the letter sleeve is clever and quiet. Taking the protagonist’s calligraphy as the book coat, the design is just right.

　　Shaanxi normal university publishing head office

　　This book is divided into two volumes, the main volume introduces a wide range of businesses in the market; The design of the supplement is also remarkable. It shows people who are engaged in the industry in the form of cartoons, and the businesses that people are engaged in are represented by folding clothes. After folding, the front is a picture, and the back is a record of these people in the market and their languages, which is quite smoky of market life. China in the street is also the China of mankind.

　　Jiangsu phoenix education publishing house

　　The design shows the true feelings everywhere, and the rough paper wrapped in snacks in old shops is combined with rough edges, which shows the fading folk industry and has a hazy beauty. The ancient and folk binding method is adopted, and the page number is set strangely. The text in the text and the big picture are represented by different materials, which enriches the visual language. Black-and-white pictures printed on crude paper have an ancient mottled intention, which seems to show that all new industries originate from old businesses.

　　Excellent Works Collection of the 9th National Book Design Art Exhibition

　　Nanjing Publishing Media Group Nanjing Publishing House

　　The combination of book box stamping and cover blanching in this book design combines Chinese characters "book design" and English "book design". The Chinese characters are indented and English blanched, and the top of the head is black. The visual effect is novel, which reflects the innovation of China book designers in binding and controlling materials. The text design of the book is also very unique, and the text and pictures are appropriate and even. It reflects the contents of 338 outstanding works very well. Due to the vacancy of the grand prize in this exhibition, this book also makes a unique expression in design. The design and presentation of exhibits have the characteristics of great information and interest. The spaced but unevenly distributed burrs at the mouth of the book classify all kinds of award-winning works and bring the whole book to a delicate, elegant, peaceful and upright reading context. The text is made of different paper materials and beautifully printed.

　　Guangxi Normal University Press

　　This collection of images includes 66 photos of birds (similar to bird-shaped bird droppings), which are common in appearance. However, after opening it, you will find that the book is divided into three unique parts: the first part is "Images of Birds", in which all photos are black and white, true and hazy, and the designer consciously downplays the clarity of the photos and gives a detailed statement on the shooting information of the photos; The second part, "Atlas of Convenient Birds", is colored and described in words. Some pictures can be expanded on both sides with exquisite patterns. The third part is "Revealing the Secret of Convenient Birds". In order to prevent readers from feeling uncomfortable, a special seal is designed, which can only be opened to reveal the mystery and present various realistic bird droppings. The author’s mind is wide open, imagining the dirt everywhere in life as a bird, and using the evolution process of photos from black and white to color to reflect the structure of editing design in visual language is an important reason for the book to be recognized by the judges.

　　Shanghai literature and art publishing house

　　Interesting and humorous, the content and design are mixed, which vividly describes such an unbearable bad habit in daily life and shows the vitality and excellent intentions of young designers.

　　Chengdu Times Publishing House

　　The overall design not only has a strong folk flavor, but also conforms to the reading aesthetics of modern people. Authentic folk embroidery constitutes the chapters and pages of books, enriches the structure of books and brings surprises to readers. In contrast, the text layout is unpretentious and suitable for quiet reading. The cover is hand-cut fabric, which echoes the title of the book.

　　Commercial press

　　From the appearance, it is quite special, using magnet as the envelope of the book, and black as the main color. The spine of the three books is exactly the same, and the book mouth is divided into three styles: hairy, flat and uneven, which rotate between the book mouth, the head and the foot. This design feels comfortable, the photos in the book are also black, and the visual experience is relatively unified.

　　blossom press

　　The design is quite handcrafted, and the softness of the paper is perfectly matched with the rough edges without affectation, which is completely in line with the theme. The color of the paper fits the impression of Dunhuang. The spine of the book is not completely die-cut, and its shape is like a grotto hole. After it is torn off, the title of the book is revealed, which is a clever design.

　　China Youth Publishing House

　　The details have a sense of lens and substitution. The paper material and binding of the preface are all very strange, the color is like Tibetan prayer flags, and it is like the separation of the contents of the book, echoing the middle pages. Ending with a color photo, the vision is varied and not monotonous.

　　china pictorial publishing house

　　The interweaving of blue and purple constitutes the rhythm change of this two-volume sister book. The beauty of this book lies in the illustrations full of artistic sense and mystery, which strengthens the artistic conception of the poem. Comfortable small format is very suitable for this collection of poems, which makes readers relaxed and comfortable to read.

　　Shanghai People’s Fine Arts Publishing House

　　Based on the author’s 40 years’ experience in practice and research, this paper gives a new interpretation of book design concepts and a systematic statement of design methodology. This book focuses on teaching content, rich in knowledge and information, and incorporates various ideas and book-making methods designed by the East and the West. Designers devote their efforts and emotions to writing and design. Considering that this book is mainly used by ordinary students, its book design is concise and easy to understand, and there is not much craft. One aspect that deserves praise is that although the book is a simple paperback, its moderate width is suitable for students to read it in a flat way, which is very stretched. The color of this book is mainly red, supplemented by some blank space. It is very practical to have a printing typesetting series table.

　　Today viewpoint

　　In the autumn of 2017, the cigar-shaped Oumuamua broke into the solar system and became the first interstellar visitor discovered and confirmed by scientists, which caused a lot of noise and turmoil in the scientific community. Although it is still unknown whether it is an asteroid, a comet or an alien spacecraft, American scientists have recently said that "flying immortals from outer space" like Omo Mo may not be special, and the elements of life on earth may originate from other star systems, which arrived on Earth by hitchhiking with interstellar visitors like Omo Mo Mo.

　　But at present, these are only assumptions. We need to "catch" more celestial bodies similar to Omo Mo for in-depth research with the help of large telescopes in the future to get the final answer.

　　"Omo Mo" is not special

　　The researchers said that "Omo Mo" is the first confirmed interstellar object we have observed in the solar system, but this does not mean that it is the first interstellar object to reach the solar system in history.

　　"We think, like &lsquo; Omo Mo &rsquo; Such an object &hellip; &hellip; At any time, there will be one at a distance of one astronomical unit from the sun (the average distance between the earth and the sun is about 150 million kilometers). " At the "Breakthrough Discuss" conference held at the University of California, Berkeley last month, Bill Porter, head of the Department of Space Studies at the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado, said, "This actually has a very meaningful impact, similar to &lsquo; Omo Mo &rsquo; Objects may bring life from one celestial body to another. "

　　This idea is called "panspermia)&mdash; &mdash; The theory put forward by scientists in the 1970s that life on earth came from space. At that time, the British physicist Lord kelvin believed that alien bacteria could reach the earth by comet or meteor and thrive on the earth; Other scientists believe that microorganisms can be embedded in dust particles and pass through galaxies, and they run from one planetary system to another through slight stellar radiation pressure.

　　Can provide heat insulation and radiation protection for microorganisms.

　　At present, the exact size of Omo Momo is still unknown, but researchers believe that its longest size is no more than 800 meters. The object will show "non-gravitational acceleration" when it is far away from the sun, which makes people speculate that "Omo Mo" may be some kind of alien spacecraft.

　　But the more common view is that the "intruder" of this solar system is very cold, and its strange movement is caused by the exhaust gas similar to a comet. When the comet approaches the sun, the ice on it will sublimate directly from solid to gas, forming a huge comet head and a long comet tail. When these gases are released, astronomers can use telescopes to study and determine their composition.

　　Karen Mitch, an astrobiologist at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, said: "This tells us that ice can be preserved after such a long journey." Previous studies on comets and other small celestial bodies in our solar system show that objects like Omo have good heat insulation and radiation protection functions, which is good news for any microorganism that may "hitchhike". "Living organic matter can be found in &lsquo; Omo Mo &rsquo; The interior is well protected. "

　　Astronomers have not found the star system that gave birth to Omo, so we don’t know how long ago Omo was ejected into the dark and cold interstellar dust. But Mickey said that it may have traveled through interstellar space for 10 million years or more.

　　Looking for the next interstellar object to study.

　　Of course, it is still unclear whether any hypothetical creature on Omo will survive the collision with the earth. Mickey said that this icy object hit us at a speed of 215,000 km/h relative to our planet. "This is a very high impact speed."

　　In this regard, Stern Sigurdsson, a professor in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University, said in another speech at the "Breakthrough Discussion" conference that "Omo Mo" and its "passengers" may be quite soft, so after hitting the earth, they may land relatively gently and disperse when they break into our atmosphere.

　　Sigurdsson said that the previous work of Ivey Laueber, director of the astronomy department of Harvard University, and others, as well as his own calculations show that in the nearly 4.6 billion years of history of our planet, about 100 celestial bodies like Omo have hit the earth. "So, we don’t know whether there is a biota inside one of these celestial bodies."

　　Laueber added that we don’t know where Omo is now. "Therefore, it is more meaningful to find the next interstellar object." The powerful large-scale weather measuring telescope (SST) is scheduled to take off from Chile next year and begin to observe the sky. When it runs "full of blood", it may find an interstellar object every month for our study.

　　In addition, scientists suggest that it is also possible that life reached the earth only a short distance long ago. Earthlike planets in our solar system exchange rocks quite regularly, as evidenced by the increasing number of Martian meteorites on earth. In fact, some researchers believe that life on earth may have started on the red planet, and a Martian stone reached the earth in a strong impact.

　　Of course, all this is just a hypothesis, and more scientific evidence is needed to reveal one of the ultimate puzzles of mankind &mdash; &mdash; Where we come from.

　　(Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, May 8 th)

　　Bitcoin’s "madness" in this round has been somewhat lasting.

　　On January 5, according to the data of Huobi.com, a domestic bitcoin trading platform, at 1: 10 am, the price of bitcoin broke through the historical high of 8,000 yuan three years ago, setting a historical record. As of 8: 45 on January 5, the highest price of bitcoin reached 8650 yuan, and the price increased by more than 260% within one year.

　　The British "Guardian" said that market analysts believe that the main driving force for this round of bitcoin price surge is in China &mdash; &mdash; In 2016, the RMB depreciated by nearly 7%, the worst performance in 20 years, which triggered a huge demand for Bitcoin.

　　The historical highest price of Bitcoin was 8,000 yuan on November 19th, 2013. A month ago, the price of Bitcoin was still hovering around 1000 yuan, and it tripled in a short time. However, this price fell after less than 1 minute, and then it bottomed out all the way, reaching a minimum of 933 yuan.

　　Compared with that rise, Bitcoin rose slightly steadily this time, from 2,351 yuan in early 2016 to 8,000 yuan in early 2017.

　　Zhu Jiawei, COO of Huobi.com, said that this round of 8,000 yuan market is very different from that in 2013: First of all, the current bitcoin transaction volume is not the same as that of that year. When the highest price of Huobi was 8,000 yuan in 2013, the weekly transaction volume was 393,000 bitcoins, with a weekly amplitude of 103%, which was very small and was greatly affected by funds; Now, when the price of bitcoin breaks 8,000 yuan, the transaction volume in the four days after Huobi Net Festival is 7.35 million bitcoins, which is 37 times of that year’s transaction volume. The price amplitude in the four days after New Year’s Day in 2017 is 15.95%, which is much more stable than that year.

　　In addition, Zhu Jiawei believes that after the application of Bitcoin is promoted, the price tends to be stable. Although Bitcoin rose by 260% from 2016 to 2017, it won the top spot among many investment varieties. However, in the whole year of 2016, according to the data of Huobi. com, the daily price of Bitcoin rose and fell by 10% or more in less than five days, while in 2013, the daily price rose and fell by about 10%.

　　For Bitcoin entering the bull market in the past year, Zhu Jiawei analyzed the reasons: First, the underlying technology blockchain of Bitcoin has been recognized by major banks and financial institutions around the world; Secondly, in early 2016, the central bank held a digital currency seminar to start studying digital currency and blockchain technology; This year, domestic mainstream investment products, including stock market, property market, gold, etc., performed poorly on the whole, while bitcoin rose very well, and funds turned to bitcoin investment channels; Bitcoin halved its output for the second time in July 2016, which also promoted market sentiment fluctuations and pushed up prices.

　　Xu Mingxing, founder and CEO of OKCoin, another bitcoin trading platform in China, analyzed this wave of gains: "According to the laws of the trading market, investment products will rise if they follow a long decline, and will fall if they rise for a long time. Judging from the cycle of Bitcoin, this price increase is a long-term cumulative result after the price peak in 2013. But it is investors’ confidence in Bitcoin that affects the price of Bitcoin for a long time. "

　　The US "Wall Street Journal" reported in May last year that some analysts said that the rise of Bitcoin was mainly driven by the demand in China market brought about by the recent RMB depreciation, and the two major bitcoin trading platforms in China &mdash; &mdash; Huobi and OKCoin&mdash; &mdash; At present, it constitutes about 92% of the total global bitcoin transactions.

　　Just as the speculators were ecstatic, the Financial Times "poured a pot of cold water", saying that the value of Bitcoin was zero.

　　"A trading intermediary is always ups and downs, then it is a useless currency. In fact, Bitcoin has all the characteristics of pyramid scams. It requires that believers continue to enter the market to push up prices, and this is based on the promise that more believers will join in the future, so the value of Bitcoin will be the same as that of all pyramid scams. Zero. " The Financial Times reported on January 4th that.

　　In China, bitcoin as a currency has never been recognized by the regulatory authorities. Five ministries and commissions, including the central bank, said in the Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks issued in December 2013 that although Bitcoin is called "currency", it is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authorities, and it does not have monetary attributes such as legal compensation and compulsion. In nature, bitcoin should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market.

Conrad Murray had tears in his eyes during the trial.


The day before Jackson’s death and the day after his death

Jackson’s photo, which was exposed at the trial, also said "murder" in English.

　　On September 27th, local time in Los Angeles, the case of Conrad Murray, Michael Jackson’s personal doctor, accused of manslaughter was heard again in the Los Angeles High Court. Jackson’s parents and family members appeared in court, and a large number of media and fans were waiting at the gate of the court.

　　During the trial, the prosecutor played a final recording of Jackson’s life, which was recorded by Murray. He talked about the concert he was going to hold at that time in a slow voice, and still wanted to build a children’s hospital with the proceeds of the performance. The vague tone of Jackson in the recording was accused by the prosecutor of being evidence of Murray’s "serious dereliction of duty". In addition, the prosecutor also carefully analyzed the pictures before Jackson’s death from every angle, including the pictures of the day before his death, the pictures at home on the day of his death, and the recordings and pictures before Jackson’s death exposed this time, which surprised and shocked the world.

　　Prosecutors believe that Jackson’s slow tone in this recording shows that he had taken an anesthetic at that time, which shows that Murray knew the powerful side effects of propofol, which is probably the cause of Jackson’s death. However, after Murray injected Jackson with anesthetic, he didn’t have suitable equipment to monitor the situation after taking the drug, and he didn’t tell other doctors about his medication to Jackson. Moreover, when he found that Jackson was not well, he called "911" 24 minutes later. The prosecutor said that this was Murray’s "serious dereliction of duty" and led to Jackson’s death.

　　After this recording was exposed on the Internet, many netizens even called it "shocking", indicating that it sounded "creepy". The chief prosecutor told the jury that what Murray, a private doctor, had done was tantamount to "medical abandonment". Prosecutors said that the relationship between Jackson and Murray was that of employers and employees, not that of patients and doctors. "Murray didn’t give Jackson the treatment he deserved. He abandoned Jackson."

　　In the evidence-giving stage, the first person to testify in court was Ortega, the director of Jackson’s concert "this is it". Ortega said that Dr. Murray had assured him of Jackson’s health. Ortega also said that Jackson told himself to spend more time on concerts and leave them to fans. He also hoped to take this opportunity to let everyone go to "heal the world" and take good care of the earth and people around him.　

A large number of fans gathered outside the court.

Conrad Murray wipes his tears

[field restore]

　　Conrad Murray claimed that Jackson stopped breathing at 11 am on June 25, 2009. However, according to the telephone records at the scene, it was not until 12: 21 that someone called 911. Jackson’s former bodyguard testified that on the day of Jackson’s death, Murray asked himself to call 911 after collecting the medicine. Medical staff and emergency room doctors testified that they thought Jackson died in his own bedroom before being taken to the hospital. Murray insisted on rescuing Jackson until he was sent to the hospital. The medical staff also said that Murray did not tell them that he had injected propofol into Jackson. At the same time, Murray’s cell phone records show that he spoke by phone before and after giving Jackson propofol and sedatives.

[Case Review]

　　On June 26, 2009, Jackson died, and the chief coroner of Los Angeles announced his cause of death in Houston court, saying that he was killed by injection of propofol, a powerful anesthetic, and it was a homicide.

　　On February 12, 2010, Jackson’s personal doctor Conrad Murray was arraigned by a local court in Los Angeles, but in the end, the judge found Murray not guilty of manslaughter, and Jackson’s family said they would appeal.

　　After a six-day pre-trial hearing on January 12, 2011, the judge of the Los Angeles High Court finally decided that Murray would be prosecuted again for manslaughter and revoked Murray’s medical license in the state, but Murray himself did not plead guilty.

　　On January 25th, 2011, Murray was formally charged with manslaughter.

　　On September 9, 2011, the jury selection for Jackson’s personal doctor’s manslaughter case began.　

More live pictures on the next page

On February 18th, the service personnel of Xushui Meteorological Bureau in Baoding City, Hebei Province came to Beiqinggong Village, Zhengcun Town, to investigate the demand for meteorological services for onion planting, and to protect the characteristic industries.

Service personnel walked into the greenhouse, had in-depth communication with growers, understood the demand for meteorological services, and reminded growers to pay close attention to the latest meteorological forecast and early warning information in view of the recent low temperature and windy weather, so as to make greenhouse management more scientific and effective.

On February 18th, the meteorological service personnel of Xushui Meteorological Bureau inspected the growth of shallots. Li Anqi photography

Combined with the meteorological service demand learned this time, Xushui Meteorological Bureau will make special meteorological service materials and send them to growers through SMS, WeChat and other channels in time, so as to contribute meteorological power to increase agricultural production and farmers’ income.

(Author: Li Anqi Editor: Su Jessie)