Nowadays, many parents prefer products labeled "children’s food" when buying food for their children, thinking that they are more in line with their children’s physical development, and such products are often more expensive. In fact, for children over 3 years old, there is no special food safety standard in China, and many so-called "children’s foods" have the same ingredients as ordinary foods, and are not even suitable for children to eat.

　　Last week, the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper conducted a survey on 2003 parents of children interviewed, and it showed that 84.8% parents were more inclined to buy products with the words "children’s food" for their children. 45.0% of the parents surveyed are uneasy about the "children’s food" on the market. 74.6% parents want to establish a monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food".

　　Parents interviewed in first-tier cities are more inclined to buy "children’s food"

　　Li Ran (pseudonym) is from Guangdong, and her child is 5 years old this year. In Li Yanran’s view, some foods eaten by adults are not suitable for children, so she is very concerned about products marked with the words "children’s food". "60% of my children’s snacks are ‘ Children’s food ’ For example, noodles, cereal, milk, and even soy sauce are specially suitable for children. " Li Yanran noticed that the manufacturers of "children’s food" generally claim that they have specially added some nutrients that children need, and that "children’s food" is cute in shape and will increase children’s appetite.

　　Yan Jing (pseudonym) lives in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and has two children, the eldest is 22 years old and the second is 9 years old. With rich experience in parenting, she has her own views on "children’s food". "I don’t believe ‘ Children’s food ’ This label. At present ‘ Children’s food ’ There is no clear definition, and there is no specific and unified standard for composition. Many parents actually don’t know what children of every age should eat, and they see the sign ‘ Children’s food ’ The words will be bought, but it is not rational enough. "

　　According to the survey, 86.2% of the parents surveyed said that when buying food for their children, they would pay special attention to the products marked with the words "children’s food". 84.8% parents are more inclined to buy "children’s food" for their children. Interactive analysis shows that parents interviewed in first-tier cities pay more attention to and buy "children’s food", followed by parents interviewed in second-tier cities.

　　Hu Qin (a pseudonym) from Anhui has a 13-year-old daughter. Hu Qin told reporters that when her daughter was a child, she often paid attention to children’s food. "I can’t help but buy it when I see it. As a parent, I always want to give my child the best and most suitable. I always feel that since the package is marked ‘ Children’s food ’ The formula will be more reasonable, and it will also cost money to buy peace of mind. "

　　As children grow up, Hu Qin’s view on "children’s food" has changed. "The child ate a lot ‘ Children’s food ’ I feel that they are not safer and more nutritious except that they are several times more expensive and the packaging is a little cute, and some even don’t indicate the formula. This is not what our parents imagined ‘ Children’s food ’ . Since my child went to junior high school, I won’t buy anything marked ‘ Children’s food ’ The words "products".

　　Li Ran found that the products labeled "children’s food" were getting more and more expensive, and some of the colors were too bright and beautiful, which made her feel suspicious instead, "I don’t know what additives were added". She feels that some children’s foods are mislabeled with nutrients. "The product advertisements are very good, but the ingredients and contents mentioned in the advertisements are not in the nutrition table. On the contrary, they are similar to what adults usually eat, and children have no effect when they eat them."

　　45.0% of the parents surveyed are uneasy about the "children’s food" on the market.

　　"I think the current so-called ‘ Children’s food ’ There are still many security risks. Children, like to eat heavy flavors. Now there are many foods that cater to children’s tastes, such as junk food such as spicy strips, all of which are sugar, salt and monosodium glutamate, which are unhealthy, not to mention conforming to children’s growth laws. " Yan Wei said.

　　According to the survey, 45.0% of the parents interviewed are not at ease about the "children’s food" on the current market.

　　What are the problems with "children’s food" on the market now? According to the survey, in the opinion of the parents interviewed, adding too much food additives (61.0%) is the biggest problem, followed by exaggerating efficacy and false propaganda (58.9%), and then the price is abnormally high (50.5%).

　　Zhu Danpeng, a researcher at China Food Business Research Institute, told reporters that at present, "children’s food" lacks relevant standards. "The state did not give ‘ Children’s food ’ A standard, the production end basically takes the enterprise standard as the production standard of the product, and the consumer end only has the awareness of protecting children but has no professional discrimination knowledge, so it is difficult to distinguish it only by consumers. This also gives enterprises a lot of free space, resulting in ‘ Children’s food ’ It has become a means for many enterprises to achieve product differentiation and pursue high gross profit, forming a kind of chaos. "

　　74.6% parents want to establish a monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food"

　　At the two sessions this year, An Ting, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Beijing Xiken International Culture and Art (Group) Company, said that "children’s food" with high sugar content is the main cause of children’s obesity, and efforts must be made in the management of "children’s food" for the healthy growth of the next generation.

　　"As parents, we are really scared about food safety. I hope the state will pay attention to ‘ Children’s food ’ The problem, right ‘ Children’s food ’ Strict production control, improve product quality, popularize relevant knowledge. So parents don’t have to buy ‘ Children’s food ’ While worrying, I even went to a purchasing agency to buy foreign ’ Children’s food ’ Yes. " Li Ran said.

　　Yan Jing believes that the first step should be to clarify what is "children’s food" and have corresponding standards. Secondly, some junk food designed for children should be banned directly, and supervision and law enforcement should be strengthened.

　　"The national standard seriously lags behind the development speed of the whole market and cannot keep up with the innovation and upgrading of the industry." Zhu Danpeng believes that the lack of national standard for "children’s food" has given enterprises a loophole for boasting and wrangling. "The state should introduce it as soon as possible ‘ Children’s food ’ The standards can be formulated by referring to international standards and combining with the physique of children in China. Of course, this involves life science, which is a huge system and scientific project. For example, sodium, what is the most reasonable and standard, should be carefully studied. In addition, consumers should establish a sense of rational consumption, master more health and nutrition knowledge, and improve their ability to distinguish. "

　　To ensure the safety of "children’s food", 74.6% parents in the survey hope to establish a safety monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food", 61.8% parents in the survey suggest to carry out special rectification activities to force the removal of "children’s food" that is not conducive to children’s health, and 58.1% parents in the survey hope to stipulate the types and dosage of "children’s food" additives.

　　Among the parents surveyed, 24.8% live in first-tier cities, 50.3% in second-tier cities, 23.0% in third-and fourth-tier cities, 1.8% in towns or counties, and 0.1% in rural areas.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Du Yuanchun Intern Gao Qingwen Source: China Youth Daily

Original cold sugar galaxy script kill

-Galaxy Script Kill No.60-

Speaking of the different degrees of Netease Yun Ge list, it can actually reflect what kind of state a person is in private. Just like MBTI’s personality test, no matter how normal the results are, it is inevitable that his annual song list of Netease Cloud will gradually be demonized.

That’s how the script kills the host. Even people who like light music and country music on weekdays have different styles of background music for a long time because of their work.

Regardless of your aesthetics of songs, you have to "smile" when you see your annual song list based on big data, although the smile will be a little dry.

"I used to like classical guitars. Why did I listen to the song No.1 and miss forever? ? ！” Some time ago, Laobai opened his own Netease cloud, and his brow tightened. In order to find the initial impression of big data on him, he had to open the classical guitar music on his desk every day, not seeking to cultivate sentiment, just to save the musicians who were about to collapse in big data.

My friend’s Netease cloud recommendation path has gradually become wild, like a runaway wild horse, which is no longer limited by my friend’s interest. Every day, I secretly nibble at the few hobbies left in my friend’s song list.

You can’t understand why it is so unbearable to listen to songs, which is also big data.

Song list recommendation from the initial acceptable to the later physical discomfort, because of work reasons, Netease Yun Ge single recommendation went further and further on the road of offending wild, until it became surprisingly magical.

Listening to Lao Bai, he still can’t stand the disregard of big data for him. In the case that the large-scale practice is abolished, he has to start a new stove and practice a trumpet again, which is regarded as a splint to correct his preferences.

My friend is a very reserved person, who speaks very seriously and likes to chew over words. The music he listens to in private is basically symphonies. But he often brings some happy books, so that his Netease cloud always thinks that he is a carefree and happy year.

He never thought that his personal collapse would start with the song list of Netease Cloud. This collapse is brainless and cannot be defined by any specific concept, as if it should not be bound by concrete thinking.

The magic phenomenon of my friend’s Netease Yun Ge sheet is different at each stage. In listening to music, he really expanded his territory.

Whether it is electronic, folk songs, movie soundtracks or rock, friends’ footprints are inadvertently left, even if the stay time is fleeting, it can be regarded as a contribution to friends’ Netease cloud magic song list.

At the beginning of this year, the female ticket handed in by Lao Qin Gang was spitting at his annual report of Netease Cloud. As a screenwriter who often brings an ancient emotional book, the song list is about to overflow the screen. She is a hip-hop woman in the new era all the year round, and she said that she accepted the label of Netease Cloud.

The ideal is full, but the label that Netease Cloud puts on itself is skinny and unrealistic.

Lao Bai often brought some books with him some time ago, and the song Two Steps From Hell really lingered around him for a long time.

So that he will subconsciously frown when he hears the same tune when he brushes a certain tone, which is like going to hell the next second.

The new host in the store is good at making money, but this time, after my reminding, I opened my own song list recommendation, and the red atmosphere came to the nose.

Not all of them, but from the list of songs he opened, Love China, Flying Songs of the Earth and Good Days can be regarded as the mainstay of the major song lists. However, he himself is obsessed with the secondary culture, and he usually listens to Pure Land of Blissfulness and Thousand Sakura in the shop.

A few people looked at his song list recommendation, which had already changed, and couldn’t help laughing. Although he laughed with us, it was obvious that the smile was very dry.

It felt like a chat record with a female ticket saved for several years, which was inadvertently deleted because of changing the mobile phone. The feeling at that moment was subtle, as if I had lost the most memorable connection with the female ticket.

"This I have to what time can I put my Netease cloud recommended song list before demobilization? ！” The new small host looked at the song list in his mobile phone and became speechless.

For the script to kill the host, this is definitely not a big problem, but even such a small problem will be difficult for people to accept at a time, so that they can live in harmony with Netease Cloud’s recommended song list and make themselves look less contradictory.

In fact, this point is more open to Lao Bai. Now he has reached a certain consensus with Netease Cloud’s "Hu Zuofei". For how to define big data, Lao Bai chose to ignore it.

"Although I may be strange from the song list of Netease Cloud, it doesn’t mean anything!"

Planning/Text-Cold Sugar

Design-cold sugar

Typesetting-cold sugar

Take you to find a fun script to kill

Explore the charm of script killing together

Original title: "How magical is the screenplay’s Netease Yun Ge list? 》

Read the original text

1, neurosis: friends lack communication with their own hearts, life is very self and subjective, often living in the shadow of various fears, insecurity, and the pursuit of security, making the body and mind not relaxed enough. It is a functional disorder with sufficient self-knowledge.

2, hypochondriasis, neurasthenia, phobia (fear of cancer, fear of AIDS): excessive attention to oneself, sensitive quality, personality foundation, living environment, accidental events and cognitive bias.

3. Anxiety: Friends suppress their aggressiveness, shrink back and evade their responsibilities, and are unwilling to take responsibility because an active life will bring mistakes and responsibilities. They are afraid of death and can’t grasp the situation of their lives. When they accept their responsibilities, they also give up all their venting methods, and finally turn to attack themselves. It is caused by the comprehensive factors of personality and life. Everyone should live in real life and learn to be satisfied.

4. Social phobia: the result of the combination of self-distrust and high expectations and the deviation of understanding of the objective world. In some cases, there may be some direct incentives, excessive attention to self and pursuit of ideal interpersonal communication.

5, interpersonal sensitivity: sensitive to what you are afraid of and then resist. Allergy is an overreaction to what you think is unfavorable. Allergy is a strong manifestation of resistance and aggression. It is an aggressive psychology. We only attack what we are afraid of and may hurt ourselves. Resisting means not letting the other person in. Interpersonal relationship sensitive person wants is the simplest and purest. They have repressed emotions to be released and fear in their hearts. Sensitive person should learn to master the interpersonal relationship around him, accept the so-called "enemy", reconcile with it, and learn to love the "enemy". Patients may be accompanied by some paranoid personality disorder.

6. Schizophrenia: Everything about the external events experienced by patients is the projection of internal shadows. The mental behavior of patients is forced to show the neglected shadows in their lives, and their emotional expression is suppressed in the most extreme way, so that they suddenly break out and cause mental disorders. There are many kinds of causes of schizophrenia, including genetic factors and life experiences. There is no unified view in the medical field. There are four common types of schizophrenia: youth type, paranoid type, nervous type and simple type. The main feature is the loss of insight, and the main treatment is long-term drug treatment.

7. Depression: an obvious and persistent mood disorder. There are many explanations for the causes, such as various events in life, genetic characteristics, physiological changes in the brain, mental trauma in childhood, long-term accumulation of negative emotions, etc. The United States has made great breakthroughs in the study of depression. At present, the treatment method mainly relies on the combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy. The international advanced drug treatment method is comprehensive treatment of several types of drugs through several courses, 2/3.

8, physical symptoms fatigue: we talk about the unity of body and mind, physical symptoms are often a reflection of psychological crux, many physical symptoms of non-organic diseases are caused by psychological reasons. Physical symptoms are often caused by feeling extremely depressed and hopeless about life, losing the goal and direction of life, and feeling insecure.

9. Physical symptoms: Shoulders are tight and stiff: some things are not what they want, there are emotional conflicts in their hearts, or they are too stressed in life, or they feel guilty about some actions in the past. Dr. Alexander Lowen also made a related statement in "Body Dynamics and Personality Structure", in which drooping shoulders indicate inner depression, shrugging shoulders are related to fear, and bending shoulders are a reflection of heavy mental burden.

10, physical symptoms dyspepsia: most of them are non-organic but functional, so it is related to mood, unacceptable to reality, angry, persistent and stubborn about their own situation, unable to let go, depressed performance. We need to trust life, face life with a happy-go-lucky attitude, and let life be as free as possible.

11. Somatization symptom pain: friends’ mental and emotional imbalance leads to muscle pain because they are unable to vent their anger mentally, and physical tension caused by psychological reasons. Headache is caused by deep-seated pain, because they are unwilling to express or have no way to express it, and then they are unwilling to accept bad emotions, shrink back and escape from the real world. There is also a type of pain caused by seeking a rational, reasonable and understandable life and chasing uncertain endings, often.

12. Types of migraine: the theme of the body is transformed into the head, and the theme is tried to be realized at this level, one of which is that sex is not satisfied.

13. Anorexia: the result of patients’ lack of acceptance by others, trying to make the sense of emptiness disappear in this way, which is a manifestation of spiritual self-satisfaction. One type is anorexia nervosa: excessive asceticism, rejecting all material and physical needs, aiming at chastity and spirituality, and having great desire for life. However, if we want to eradicate our own greed and abstinence by anorexia, we can’t find a happy balance. We need to be honest with ourselves and accept our greed. Habitual anorexia is dieting for various reasons. After a long time, it forms a habitual conditioned reflex and loses interest in food.

14. Bulimia: It is mostly a manifestation of not being cared for by people around you or feeling left out, satisfying yourself with food, filling the inner emptiness or loneliness after success, or another form of satisfaction for hunger and thirst for love, which will reappear in the body as longing for sweets and food. The difference between compulsive diet and compulsive diet: compulsive diet can’t deal with love from the consciousness level, but can only practice love through the body and look for love, affirmation and encouragement at the wrong level.

15. Vomiting, hunger: The patient subjectively wants to vent and prove that his thoughts are wrong, denying himself and the joy of life, which is a manifestation of lack of care in life, expressing resistance and rejection.

16. Stuttering: People around you are too authoritative and picky when you are growing up. You have subjective concerns about expression and are vague. You can’t express your needs completely freely, so as to avoid the subconscious mind emerging into consciousness, causing throat fear and contraction, and being restrained in childhood. You dare not vent your inner pressure and avoid speaking your inner words directly. In the later stage, it is a problem of psychological conditioned reflex.

17. Dyskinesia, writing spasm: If you want to show self-confidence, you are really insecure inside. Looking at things in a "skewed" and "distorted" way is a wrong way of self-expression.

18. Sexual barriers: All kinds of fears about self, partners and sex are the most fundamental reasons. Women’s apathy means that women are not ready to give themselves, they want to be "masters", unwilling to obey and be at a disadvantage, or they may have been holding inappropriate ideas about sex, or they lack love and acceptance between partners. Male impotence, excluding physiological factors, psychological inferiority, lack of confidence in their masculinity and aggression, excessive pressure, fear of women, or feeling guilty, confused, afraid of loss, patients may also be some personal reasons such as life experience or cognitive deviation.

19. Insomnia: Most insomnia is psychogenic and emotional. Insomniacs can’t let go of their subconscious, lack of trust, long-term emotional tension in life, fear, distrust of life, and excessive pressure in life, anxiety, neurasthenia and hypochondria.

20, lethargy: inner resistance to real life, not getting up in the morning is afraid to face reality, is dodging the challenges and responsibilities of life, unwilling to take the initiative to do things, to avoid waking up.

21. Addiction: Escape from things in life, eager to get something, but stop looking for it too early, and stay at the level of some substitute at present. When the substitute goal is lost, it will never get tired, and refuses to admit that the current goal is wrong. The real goal needs to continue looking for, and it is to fill the emptiness and confusion with foreign objects.

22. Alcoholism: escape from real conflicts and problems in life, get the illusion that everything is beautiful with alcohol, and create the illusion that people are close to each other. There is no real depth and intimacy. The treatment needs to take medicine, so that patients can feel the smell of alcohol and get rid of it.

　　CCTV News:According to the Central Meteorological Observatory, affected by the high-altitude trough and low-level shear, from 08: 00 on April 20 to 08: 00 on April 21, there were heavy rains or heavy rains in parts of central and eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Sichuan, north-central Chongqing, western Hubei and northern Guizhou. From the morning of April 20 to the day, there will be heavy fog in the south sea area of the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the north sea area of the central part of the Yellow Sea, and the visibility will be less than 1 km.

　　Heavy rains occurred in Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing and Sichuan Basin.

　　Yesterday, there were heavy rains or heavy rains in central and southeastern Guangdong, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Guizhou, southwestern Hunan, southwestern Chongqing, northeastern Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, and southwestern Shaanxi. The maximum rainfall in Luzhou, Sichuan was 213 mm; The maximum hourly rainfall in the above areas is 50 ~ 110mm.

　　In addition, there are small to moderate rains in most parts of North China and south-central Inner Mongolia, and local heavy rains or heavy rains (50 ~ 73 mm) in northwestern Shanxi and Erdos, Inner Mongolia; Among them, the average rainfall in Beijing is 6.5 mm, the average rainfall in urban areas is 5.6 mm, and the average rainfall in Mentougou Lingshan is 23.6 mm.

　　There is heavy rainfall in Guangdong and other places in Sichuan Basin.

　　Affected by the high-altitude trough and low-level shear, from 08: 00 on April 20th to 08: 00 on April 21st, there were heavy rains or rainstorms (50-80mm) in parts of central and eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Sichuan, central and northern Chongqing, western Hubei and northern Guizhou, which were accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation, thunderstorms or hail (see Figure 1). The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue rainstorm warning at 06: 00 on April 20.

　　There is heavy fog in parts of the Yellow Sea.

　　From the morning of April 20 to the day, there will be heavy fog in the south sea area of the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the north sea area of the central part of the Yellow Sea, and the visibility will be less than 1 km. In addition, from the morning of April 20 to the morning, there were heavy fog in parts of the eastern coast of Fujian, northwestern Guangxi and northeastern Guizhou, and there were heavy fog with visibility less than 500 meters in the local area. Therefore, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a foggy yellow warning at 06: 00 on April 20.

　　In addition, since the 21st, the atmospheric diffusion conditions in central and southern North China began to deteriorate. From 22nd to 24th, there were mild haze in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas, and moderate haze in the local area.

　　Specific forecast for the next three days

　　From 08: 00 on April 20 to 08: 00 on April 21, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of eastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern Shaanxi, most of Jianghan, northwestern and southern Jiangnan, central, eastern and northwestern South China, and Taiwan Province Island. Among them, there were heavy rains (50-80 mm) in central and northeastern Chongqing, western Hubei, central Guangdong and eastern coastal areas. There are 4 ~ 5 winds and above in parts of central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaodong Peninsula, central Gansu, Shaanxi and Henan (see Figure 3). There will be heavy fog in the northern and central parts of the Yellow Sea, with visibility less than 1km.

　　From 08: 00 on April 21 to 08: 00 on April 22, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of western Jianghuai, eastern Jianghan, eastern and southern Jiangnan, eastern Chongqing, Guizhou and central and northern South China, among which there were heavy rains (50-70 mm) in northeastern Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian and northeastern Guangxi. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and above in parts of Ili Valley in Xinjiang, eastern Henan, eastern Hubei, southern Qinghai and southern Tibet, among which there are 7 ~ 8 winds in Ili Valley in Xinjiang (see Figure 4).

　　From 08: 00 on April 22 to 08: 00 on April 23, there were small to moderate rains in parts of northern Xinjiang, eastern Northeast China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, eastern Southwest China and South China, among which there were heavy rains in eastern Jiangsu, northeastern Jiangxi, western Zhejiang, western Hunan, central Guangxi and northeastern China. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and above in parts of northern Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, among which, there are 7 ~ 8 winds in Yili River Valley in Xinjiang and east of Tianshan Mountain (see Figure 5).

Notice on printing and distributing the Interim Measures for the administration of competitive consultation procurement methods in government procurement

Caiku [2014] No.214

Relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee, ministries and commissions of the State Council, directly affiliated institutions, General Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), General Office of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, High Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, relevant people’s organizations, finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and centralized procurement institutions:

　　In order to deepen the reform of the government procurement system, adapt to the needs of promoting the government to purchase services and promoting the cooperation between government and social capital (PPP), according to the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and relevant laws and regulations, the Ministry of Finance has formulated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation in Government Procurement. It is issued to you, please follow it.

　　Annex: Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation Procurement Mode of Government Procurement

the Ministry of Finance

　　December 31, 2014

　　attachment

　　Interim Measures for the Administration of Competitive Consultation Procurement Methods of Government Procurement

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with Item 6, Paragraph 1, Article 26 of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law) for the purpose of regulating government procurement behavior and safeguarding national interests, social public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of parties involved in government procurement.

　　Article 2 The term "competitive negotiation procurement mode" as mentioned in these Measures means that the purchaser and the government procurement agency negotiate with qualified suppliers on the procurement of goods, projects and services through the establishment of a competitive consultation group (hereinafter referred to as the consultation group), and the suppliers submit response documents and quotations according to the requirements of the consultation documents, and the purchaser determines the procurement mode of the clinched supplier from the list of candidate suppliers proposed after the review of the consultation group.

　　Article 3 Projects that meet the following conditions may be purchased through competitive negotiation:

　　(1) Services purchased by the government;

　　(two) the technology is complex or special, and it is impossible to determine the detailed specifications or specific requirements;

　　(3) The total price cannot be calculated in advance because the time and quantity of art procurement, patents, proprietary technology or services cannot be determined in advance;

　　(four) scientific research projects with insufficient market competition, as well as scientific and technological achievements transformation projects that need support;

　　(five) in accordance with the bidding law and its implementing regulations, the construction projects other than the construction projects that must be tendered.

　　Chapter II Consultation Procedures

　　Article 4 Where the procurement of goods and services that meet the standard of open tender amount intends to adopt the competitive negotiation procurement method, the purchaser shall, before the start of procurement activities, apply to the financial department of the people’s government at or above the municipal or autonomous prefecture level for approval according to law after reporting to the competent budget unit for approval.

　　Article 5 Purchasers and procurement agencies shall organize competitive consultations in accordance with the provisions of the Government Procurement Law and these Measures, and take necessary measures to ensure that the consultations are conducted in strict confidentiality.

　　No unit or individual may illegally interfere with or influence the negotiation process and results.

　　Article 6 A purchaser and a procurement agency shall invite at least three suppliers who meet the corresponding qualifications to participate in competitive negotiation and procurement activities by issuing an announcement, randomly selecting from the supplier library established by the financial department at or above the provincial level, or recommending in writing by the purchaser and the evaluation experts respectively.

　　Suppliers who meet the requirements stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law may join the supplier library before the procurement activities begin. The financial department shall not charge any fees for the supplier’s application for warehousing, and shall not use the supplier’s library to block the region and industry.

　　If the supplier is selected by the written recommendation of the purchaser and the evaluation experts, the purchaser and the evaluation experts shall issue their own written recommendations. The proportion of suppliers recommended by the purchaser shall not be higher than 50% of the total number of recommended suppliers.

　　Article 7 Where a supplier is invited by announcement, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall issue a competitive consultation announcement in the government procurement information release media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. The announcement of competitive consultation shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the name, location and contact method of the purchaser and the procurement agency;

　　(two) the name, quantity, brief specification description or basic introduction of the procurement project;

　　(three) the budget of the procurement project;

　　(4) Qualifications of suppliers;

　　(five) the time, place and method of obtaining the consultation documents and the price of the consultation documents;

　　(6) The deadline, opening time and place for submitting the response documents;

　　(seven) the name and telephone number of the contact person of the procurement project.

　　Article 8 Competitive consultation documents (hereinafter referred to as consultation documents) shall be formulated according to the characteristics of the procurement project and the actual needs of the purchaser, and shall be approved by the purchaser in writing. The purchaser shall take meeting the actual demand as the principle, and shall not raise the procurement standards such as budget and asset allocation without authorization.

　　Consultation documents shall not require or indicate the name of suppliers or the brand of specific goods, and shall not contain conditions such as technology and services directed to specific suppliers.

　　Article 9 The consultation documents shall include supplier qualification conditions, procurement invitation, procurement method, procurement budget, procurement demand, government procurement policy requirements, evaluation procedures, evaluation methods, evaluation criteria, price composition or quotation requirements, preparation requirements of response documents, the amount and form of deposit payment, the situation that the deposit will not be returned, the contents that may be substantially changed during the consultation, the deadline for submission of response documents, the opening time and place, and the terms of the draft contract, etc.

　　Article 10 It shall not be less than 10 days from the date when the consultation document is issued to the deadline when the supplier submits the first response document.

　　The selling price of consultation documents shall be determined in accordance with the principle of making up the production cost of consultation documents, and shall not be for profit, and shall not be based on the project budget. The sale period of the consultation documents shall not be less than 5 working days from the date of commencement.

　　Before the deadline for submitting the first response document, the purchaser, the procurement agency or the consultation group may make necessary clarifications or amendments to the issued consultation document, and the contents of the clarifications or amendments shall be regarded as an integral part of the consultation document. If the clarification or modification may affect the preparation of the response document, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall notify all suppliers who have obtained the consultation document in writing at least 5 days before the deadline for submitting the first response document; If it is less than 5 days, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall postpone the deadline for submitting the first response document.

　　Article 11 A supplier shall prepare a response document according to the requirements of the consultation document, and bear legal responsibility for the authenticity and legality of the response document submitted by it.

　　Article 12 The purchaser and the procurement agency may require the supplier to pay the negotiation deposit before the deadline for submitting the response documents. The negotiation deposit shall be paid in non-cash forms such as checks, drafts, promissory notes or letters of guarantee issued by financial institutions and guarantee institutions. The amount of negotiation deposit shall not exceed 2% of the procurement project budget. If the supplier fails to submit the negotiation deposit according to the requirements of the negotiation documents, the response is invalid.

　　If the supplier is a consortium, one or more parties in the consortium can jointly pay the negotiation deposit, and the deposit paid by them is binding on all parties in the consortium.

　　Article 13 The supplier shall seal the response document and deliver it to the designated place before the deadline required by the consultation document. The response documents delivered after the deadline are invalid documents, and the purchaser, procurement agency or consultative group shall reject them.

　　Before the deadline for submission of response documents, the supplier may supplement, modify or withdraw the submitted response documents, and notify the purchaser and procurement agency in writing. The supplemented and modified contents shall be taken as an integral part of the response document. If the content of supplement and modification is inconsistent with the response document, the content of supplement and modification shall prevail.

　　Article 14 The consultative group shall consist of three or more representatives of the purchaser and review experts, and the number of review experts shall not be less than 2/3 of the total number of members of the consultative group. The purchaser’s representative shall not participate in the evaluation of the procurement projects of the department or the unit as an evaluation expert. Personnel of a procurement agency shall not participate in the review of procurement projects represented by this agency.

　　For government procurement projects that adopt competitive negotiation, the evaluation experts shall be randomly selected from the list of experts in relevant professions in the government procurement evaluation expert database. In accordance with the provisions of Article 3, paragraph 4 of these Measures, and in special circumstances, it is difficult to determine the appropriate evaluation experts through random methods. With the consent of the competent budget unit, the evaluation experts can be selected by themselves. For procurement projects with complex technology and strong professionalism, one legal expert shall be included in the evaluation experts.

　　Fifteenth evaluation experts shall abide by the discipline of evaluation work, and shall not disclose the evaluation situation and the business secrets learned during the evaluation.

　　In the process of evaluation, the consultative group finds that the supplier has committed illegal acts such as bribery, providing false materials or collusion, and shall report to the financial department in time.

　　Experts who have been illegally interfered in the evaluation process shall report to the finance and supervision departments in a timely manner.

　　Sixteenth members of the consultative group shall, in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and prudence, conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the consultation documents. The response documents that do not substantially respond to the consultation documents shall be treated as invalid responses, and the consultation team shall inform the suppliers that submitted the response documents.

　　If the contents of the consultation documents violate the relevant mandatory provisions of the state, the consultation group shall stop the review and explain the situation to the purchaser or procurement agency.

　　Seventeenth buyers, procurement agencies shall not make biased and misleading explanations or explanations to the evaluation experts in the consultative group.

　　The purchaser and procurement agency may, depending on the specific situation of the procurement project, organize the supplier to conduct on-site inspection or hold a question-and-answer meeting before the consultation, but shall not organize the on-site inspection and question-and-answer meeting with only one supplier separately or separately.

　　Article 18 When reviewing the validity, completeness and response degree of the response documents, the consultative group may require the suppliers to make necessary clarifications, explanations or corrections to the contents in the response documents that are ambiguous in meaning, inconsistent in the expression of similar problems, or have obvious errors in writing and calculation. The supplier’s clarification, explanation or correction shall not go beyond the scope of the response document or change the substantive content of the response document.

　　The response documents required by the consultative group for suppliers to clarify, explain or correct shall be made in writing. The clarification, explanation or correction of the supplier shall be signed or stamped with the official seal by the legal representative or his authorized representative. Signed by an authorized representative, a power of attorney from the legal representative shall be attached. If the supplier is a natural person, it shall be signed by himself and attached with identification certificate.

　　Article 19 All members of the consultative group shall focus on separate consultations with a single supplier, and give all suppliers participating in the consultations equal consultation opportunities.

　　Article 20 During the consultation, the consultative group may substantially change the technical and service requirements in the procurement requirements and the terms of the draft contract according to the consultation documents and the consultation situation, but shall not change other contents in the consultation documents. The content of substantive changes shall be confirmed by the purchaser’s representative.

　　The substantive changes made to the consultation document are an effective part of the consultation document, and the consultation team shall notify all the suppliers participating in the consultation in writing in time.

　　The supplier shall resubmit the response document according to the changes of the consultation document and the requirements of the consultation group, and sign or affix the official seal by its legal representative or authorized representative. Signed by an authorized representative, a power of attorney from the legal representative shall be attached. If the supplier is a natural person, it shall be signed by himself and attached with identification certificate.

　　Article 21 If the consultation document can specify the technical and service requirements of the subject matter of the procurement in detail, after the negotiation, the consultation group shall require all the suppliers who have substantially responded to submit the final quotation within the specified time, and the number of suppliers who have submitted the final quotation shall not be less than three.

　　If the technical and service requirements of the procurement target cannot be specified in detail in the consultation document, and the final design scheme or solution needs to be provided by the supplier after consultation, after the consultation, the consultation team shall vote to recommend the design schemes or solutions of more than three suppliers according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and ask them to submit the final quotation within the specified time.

　　The final quotation is an effective part of the supplier’s response document. In case of meeting Item 4 of Article 3 of these Measures, there may be two suppliers who submit the final quotation.

　　Twenty-second suppliers who have submitted response documents may withdraw from the negotiation according to the negotiation situation before submitting the final quotation. The purchaser and the procurement agency shall refund the consultation deposit of the supplier who has withdrawn from the consultation.

　　Article 23 After the final purchase demand and the supplier who submitted the final quotation are determined through consultation, the consultation team will comprehensively score the response documents and the final quotation of the supplier who submitted the final quotation by using the comprehensive scoring method.

　　Comprehensive scoring method refers to the evaluation method that the response documents meet all the substantive requirements of the consultation documents and the supplier with the highest score is the candidate supplier for the transaction according to the quantitative indicators of the evaluation factors.

　　Twenty-fourth comprehensive evaluation criteria in the score setting should be corresponding to the quantitative indicators of evaluation factors. The evaluation criteria not specified in the consultation document shall not be used as the basis for evaluation.

　　During the review, each member of the consultative group shall independently evaluate and score each effective response document, and then summarize the scores of each scoring factor of each supplier.

　　According to the comprehensive scoring method, the price score of goods accounts for 30% to 60% of the total score, and the price score of services accounts for 10% to 30% of the total score. If there are different procurement objects in the procurement project, the procurement object with the highest proportion of project funds shall determine its project attributes. In line with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 3 of these Measures and the implementation of unified price standards, the price of the project is not listed as a scoring factor. There are special circumstances that need to set the price distribution weight outside the above-mentioned provisions, which shall be approved by the financial department of the people’s government at the corresponding level.

　　The price score in the comprehensive scoring method is calculated by the low price priority method, that is, the price of the supplier who meets the requirements of the negotiation documents and finally offers the lowest price is the negotiation benchmark price, and its price score is full marks. The prices of other suppliers are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

　　Negotiation quotation score = (negotiation benchmark price/final negotiation quotation) × price weight ×100

　　In the process of project review, the highest and lowest quotations in the final quotation shall not be removed.

　　Article 25 The consultative group shall, according to the comprehensive scores, recommend more than three candidate suppliers for the transaction in the order of the evaluation scores from high to low, and prepare the evaluation report. In accordance with the third paragraph of article twenty-first of these measures, two candidate suppliers can be recommended. If the evaluation scores are the same, it shall be recommended according to the order of the final quotation from low to high. If the evaluation score is the same and the final quotation is the same, it shall be recommended in the order of technical indicators.

　　Article 26 The review report shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the specific ways and relevant information of inviting suppliers to participate in procurement activities;

　　(two) the date and place of opening the response document;

　　(3) A list of suppliers who have obtained the consultation documents and a list of members of the consultation group;

　　(4) Records and explanations of the review, including the qualification review of suppliers, the review of suppliers’ response documents, consultations, quotations, etc.;

　　(5) The ranking list of the proposed candidate suppliers for the transaction and the reasons.

　　Twenty-seventh review report shall be signed by all the members of the consultative group. If the members of the consultative group disagree with the review report, the consultative group will recommend the candidate suppliers for the transaction according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and the procurement procedure will continue. Members of the consultative group who have objections to the review report shall sign different opinions on the report and explain the reasons, and the consultative group shall record the relevant information in writing. If the members of the consultative group refuse to sign the report and do not explain their different opinions and reasons in writing, they shall be deemed to have agreed to review the report.

　　Twenty-eighth procurement agencies shall, within 2 working days after the end of the review, send the review report to the purchaser for confirmation.

　　The purchaser shall, within 5 working days after receiving the evaluation report, determine the transaction supplier from the candidate suppliers proposed in the evaluation report according to the principle of ranking from high to low, or authorize the consultation group to directly determine the transaction supplier in writing. If the purchaser fails to determine the supplier of the transaction within the time limit and does not raise any objection, it shall be deemed that the supplier ranked first in the evaluation report is determined as the supplier of the transaction.

　　Article 29 The purchaser or procurement agency shall, within 2 working days after the supplier is confirmed, announce the transaction result on the government procurement information release media designated by the financial department at or above the provincial level, and issue a transaction notice to the supplier at the same time, and announce the negotiation documents together with the transaction result. The announcement of the transaction result shall include the following contents:

　　(a) the name, address and contact information of the purchaser and the procurement agency;

　　(2) Project name and project number;

　　(three) the name, address and transaction amount of the supplier;

　　(four) the name, specifications, quantity, unit price and service requirements of the main transaction targets;

　　(5) List of members of the Consultative Group.

　　If a supplier is recommended in writing to participate in procurement activities, the recommendation opinions of the purchaser and the evaluation experts shall also be announced.

　　Article 30 The purchaser and the supplier shall, within 30 days from the date of issuing the notice of transaction, sign the government procurement contract according to the contract text determined in the consultation document, as well as the procurement subject matter, specifications and models, purchase amount, purchase quantity, technology and service requirements.

　　The purchaser shall not put forward any requirements beyond the negotiation documents to the supplier as a condition for signing the contract, and shall not conclude an agreement with the supplier that deviates from the contract text determined in the negotiation documents and the substantive contents such as the procurement target, specifications, purchase amount, purchase quantity, technology and service requirements.

　　Article 31 The purchaser or procurement agency shall return the negotiation deposit of the supplier in time after the procurement activities, except that it cannot be returned in time due to the supplier’s own reasons. The negotiation deposit of unsuccessful suppliers shall be returned within 5 working days after the transaction notice is issued, and the negotiation deposit of successful suppliers shall be returned within 5 working days after the signing of the procurement contract.

　　In any of the following circumstances, the negotiation deposit will not be refunded:

　　(1) The supplier withdraws the response documents after the deadline for submitting the response documents;

　　(2) The supplier provides false materials in the response document;

　　(3) The supplier fails to sign a contract with the purchaser, except for cases recognized by force majeure or negotiation documents;

　　(four) suppliers and purchasers, other suppliers or procurement agencies in bad faith;

　　(5) Other circumstances stipulated in the consultation document.

　　Article 32 The purchaser or procurement agency shall not organize re-evaluation for any reason, except that the qualification inspection finds errors, the scores are calculated incorrectly, the sub-items are beyond the scope of scoring standards, the objective scores are inconsistent, and the scores are unanimously determined by the consultation group to be abnormally high or abnormally low. If the purchaser or procurement agency finds that the consultative group has not conducted the review according to the review criteria stipulated in the consultation document, it shall re-launch the procurement activities and report to the financial department at the same level in writing.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall not change the evaluation results by testing samples or inspecting suppliers.

　　Article 33 Where a supplier refuses to sign a government procurement contract, the purchaser may determine other suppliers as the supplier and sign a government procurement contract according to the principle stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 28 of these Measures, or may resume procurement activities. The supplier who refuses to sign the government procurement contract shall not participate in the procurement activities of the project.

　　Article 34 Under any of the following circumstances, the purchaser or procurement agency shall terminate the competitive negotiation procurement activities, issue a project termination announcement and explain the reasons, and resume the procurement activities:

　　(a) due to changes in circumstances, it no longer meets the requirements of the application of competitive negotiation procurement methods;

　　(two) there are violations of laws and regulations that affect the procurement justice;

　　(3) Except for the circumstances specified in the third paragraph of Article 21 of these Measures, there are less than three suppliers who meet the requirements in the procurement process or whose quotations do not exceed the procurement budget.

　　Article 35 If the procurement task is cancelled due to major changes in the procurement activities, the purchaser or procurement agency shall terminate the procurement activities, notify all suppliers participating in the procurement activities, and report the project implementation and the reasons for canceling the procurement task to the financial department at the same level.

　　Chapter III Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 36 If there are other provisions in the relevant legal system on the competitive negotiation and procurement of government and social capital cooperation projects, those provisions shall prevail.

　　Thirty-seventh the term "competent budget unit" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the state organs, institutions and organizations responsible for compiling departmental budgets and reporting budgets to the financial departments at the same level.

　　Article 38 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

[Global Network Comprehensive Report] On January 17, a press conference was held at the National Health and Wellness Commission to introduce the health-related situation of seasonal solar terms. How to judge whether it is the flu or the common cold? Do I have to go to the hospital after I get the flu? Won’t you get the flu if you’ve been vaccinated against the flu? In response to these questions, the participating experts gave authoritative answers.

When cold symptoms appear, how to judge whether it is flu or common cold?

Li Dong, the chief physician of Beijing You ‘an Hospital, once said that when we have symptoms, we can initially analyze whether it is influenza or common cold from the epidemiological history and symptoms.

In the history of epidemiology, in the winter and spring when influenza is high, if you have high fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue and other symptoms after close contact with influenza cases, it is probably influenza. The common cold generally has no clear source of infection.

From the symptoms, the flu symptoms are more severe, and the onset is urgent, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as high fever, headache, muscle aches and special fatigue above 38.5℃. The common cold is usually low or moderate fever, or even no fever. The symptoms are mainly nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing, which are relatively mild.

Do I have to go to the hospital after I get the flu?

Li Dong once said that for flu patients, those with mild symptoms can be isolated at home, and antipyretic and analgesic drugs and expectorant and antitussive drugs can generally recover in about 7 days. If you have high fever above 39℃ and the antipyretic drugs are not effective during home isolation, or you have severe symptoms such as severe cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness and breath-holding, as well as severe headache, frequent vomiting, confusion, etc., or the symptoms have not eased for more than 5 days, it is recommended to seek medical advice in time.

What are the precautions for home rehabilitation?

Li Dong once said that adequate rest is conducive to recovery. It is not recommended to go to work, go to school, visit relatives and friends or attend parties when sick, and avoid receiving visiting relatives and friends during illness to reduce the risk of infection. When resting at home, those who can afford it should stay in a separate room, those who can’t should try to keep their distance from their families, open more windows for ventilation, and wear masks when contacting their families. Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels or elbows when sneezing or coughing. Throw the used paper towels into the covered trash can immediately and wash your hands in time.

Li Dong once reminded that the elderly, pregnant women, children, immunocompromised people and moderately obese people are high-risk people with severe influenza. Once they get the flu, it is recommended to treat them as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor. During the period of rest and isolation at home, we should pay attention to rational drug use and avoid abusing antibiotics, because antibiotics are ineffective against virus infection.

How to effectively prevent influenza?

Wang Dayan, a researcher at the Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the most effective and economical way to prevent influenza is to vaccinate against influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of morbidity and serious complications. Although vaccination is recommended before the influenza epidemic season, as long as individuals are not infected, vaccination can prevent influenza, alleviate symptoms, shorten the course of disease, and significantly reduce the risk of developing into severe illness and death.

"However, getting the flu vaccine doesn’t mean that you won’t get the flu at all." Wang Dayan said that the flu vaccine only targets the flu virus and has no protective effect on other pathogens of acute respiratory infections. After vaccination, it usually takes some time to produce enough antibodies to achieve the protective effect, so even after vaccination, protective measures still need to be taken.

In addition, Wang Dayan reminded that after the recovery of acute respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia, influenza vaccination can prevent influenza and other types of influenza. During the epidemic season, people who have not been vaccinated in time, especially the elderly, infants, patients with chronic diseases and their families living together, should be vaccinated as soon as possible, and early vaccination will benefit early.

Won’t you get the flu if you’ve been vaccinated against the flu?

Li Dong once said that people who are still infected with influenza virus after being vaccinated do, but compared with those who have not been vaccinated, the risk of being infected with influenza virus is significantly reduced, and the symptoms of influenza after infection are relatively mild and the risk of severe illness is lower. For example, there can be no high fever, only low fever or no fever, and the cough lasts for a short time, so you can recover faster.

Li Dong once suggested that those who have not been vaccinated against influenza this year and have not been infected with influenza yet should be vaccinated as soon as possible. People who have been infected with influenza virus can have some immunity to the subtype of influenza virus infected this time, and it is very unlikely that they will be infected with the same subtype again in a short period of time, but there is no protection for other influenza strains. At present, more than 99% of the influenza strains prevalent in China are H1N1 subtype of influenza A, which can be protected after infection, but influenza vaccines are usually trivalent or tetravalent vaccines. If you vaccinate after infection, you can also obtain the protection of influenza A H3N2 strain and influenza B strain. So even if you have had the flu once, you can gain resistance to the other two strains after vaccination.

How to use drugs scientifically for influenza patients?

Recently, mabaloxavir and oseltamivir, two influenza drugs, have attracted more attention on the Internet. Li Dong once said that at present, only mabaloxavir is approved for the treatment of influenza in China, but it has not been approved for post-exposure prevention. Pay attention to the following points when using mabaloxavir to treat influenza:

Use as soon as possible: antiviral drugs should be used as soon as possible, and mabaloxavir suggests using them within 48 hours of onset to achieve the best effect.

Applicable people: Mabaloxavir is currently only approved for antiviral treatment for people aged 5 years and above. Oseltamivir should be used in the treatment of influenza in children under 5 years old. For pregnant women and lactating women, it is suggested to choose oseltamivir for antiviral treatment because of the lack of data on the use of mabaloxavir.

Drug interaction: Mabaloxavir may interact with other drugs when used together. If you need to use this drug, be sure to inform your doctor about other drugs you are using (including over-the-counter drugs and health care products) to avoid potential drug interactions.

Pay attention to allergic reaction: If you have allergic symptoms such as rash, itching, dyspnea or other serious discomfort during the use of mabaloxavir, you should stop taking the drug immediately and seek medical attention.

Li Dong once reminded that one or two "star drugs" should not be relied too much when treating influenza. Scientific use of symptomatic drugs and adequate rest are conducive to faster recovery.

How do the elderly cope with the flu challenge?

Li Jing, the chief physician of Beijing Hospital, said that the physical resistance of the elderly is weaker than that of the young people, and the flu symptoms may be more serious, such as a long duration of fever, which may easily lead to complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, and the recovery rate of the disease is slow. Daily protection is very important. Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease. Older people should wear masks when going out, and try to avoid shopping malls, markets and other crowded places with poor air circulation. At the same time, we should pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes according to the weather changes to keep warm and cold. Always ventilate at home to keep the air fresh.

Li Jing said that if the elderly are infected with flu and have mild symptoms (such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, etc.), they can rest at home first, drink more water, eat light food, keep their stools unobstructed, and use drugs appropriately to relieve symptoms. However, once there are serious symptoms such as persistent high fever, a lot of thick sputum, dyspnea and listlessness, you should go to the hospital immediately to avoid delaying your illness. When taking care of the elderly with influenza, family members should also pay attention to avoid cross-infection. Besides washing your hands frequently, you should try to wear a mask when you are in contact with the elderly.

Recently, Fred Lambert, a reporter from foreign media electrek, released a video that was tested in the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. The video shows that during the test, this version of the FSD existed many times, that is, the vehicle suddenly slowed down without necessity, and even almost drove the car to a cliff.

Fred was always ready to take over during the test. In this test, Fred only took over once, that is, the time when Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 drove the car to the cliff.

On the whole, during the 13-minute test, the overall performance of Tesla FSD beta version V10.12 is ok, but many times of "ghost braking" and wrong judgment are still frightening, and problems such as "ghost braking" still need to be solved.

Fred said that the reason why he chose to test in the Blue Ridge Mountains is that there are few intersections here and the road traffic markings are clear. He believes that in this environment, Tesla’s FSD will perform well.

This is also the case. In most cases in the test, the computer vision inspection system of FSD Beta V10.12 runs well, and Fred’s Model 3 always stays in the center of the lane.

▲ the path of FSD planning

In the middle of the test, Fred met hikers, who were close to the road and the road was not covered by shoulders. Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 version, then controlled the vehicle to slow down, and even planned to drive a little to the left to make way for the hikers.

However, in addition to these advantages, Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 has some serious shortcomings.

Fred said that the most annoying thing about FSD Beta V10.12 is that the vehicle suddenly slows down without sufficient reason.

The video shows that "ghost braking" happened several times during driving. Although Fred feels that the sudden deceleration is not so obvious when the "ghost brake" occurs, it may only be because the speed of this test is a little slow.

In addition, Fred also noticed that the speed of Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 in controlling the turning of vehicles is also somewhat inconsistent. As you can see in the video, Tesla’s FSD controls the vehicle to slow down at some corners that don’t seem to need to slow down.

▲ FSD controls the vehicle to turn.

In addition, in the 8-mile (about 12.8 km) and 13-minute test, Fred only took over the driver once, but this time it was taken over in a very dangerous situation.

In the 12th minute and 56th second of the test, Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 controls the vehicle to turn sharply too fast. When Fred found that the car was crossing two lanes and heading for the other side of the road, he immediately stepped on the brakes. It was a very scary moment.

▲ Tesla FSD turned sharply and almost threw the owner off the cliff.

Strangely, the FSD beta version V 10.12 should know that there is a sharp turn in this road and it is necessary to slow down the vehicle. Because its speed is 10 mph (16 km/h) slower than the set speed, but somehow it didn’t correctly predict that turn.

In addition, it can be seen from the predicted path (blue line) displayed on the screen inside the car.

According to Fred’s test video, there are still many problems in Tesla’s FSD Beta V10.12 version. Although this version has greatly improved the recognition of some straight roads and vehicles, the problems of "ghost braking" and automatic turning still need to be solved.

This test also reminds Tesla owners that if they use this version of the test software, they still need to be highly vigilant and ready to take over at any time to ensure driving safety.

Wen | Different View Finance

In the field of long video, three video platforms, iQiyi, Youku and Tencent Video, have formed a "three-legged" trend. Three platform opportunities can lead the development direction of the long video industry.

On February 28th, Beijing time, iQiyi (NASDAQ: IQ) announced the unaudited financial report for the fourth quarter and the whole year as of December 31st, 2019. The financial report shows that in the fourth quarter of 2019, iQiyi’s revenue was 7.5 billion yuan and its net loss was 2.5 billion yuan. Both revenue and net loss were better than expected.

Although iQiyi, Youku and Tencent Video are backed by BAT, they still lose money and continue to burn money. The profit seems to be in the foreseeable future. Judging from the latest financial report released by iQiyi, the loss is narrowing. Is this a positive signal?

Why is the long video platform difficult to make a profit from the iQiyi financial report?

According to the financial report, Iqiyi’s Q4 revenue in 2019 was 7.497 billion yuan, up 6.7% from 7.027 billion yuan in the same period of last year, up only 1.4% from 7.397 billion yuan in the previous quarter.

(Source: Financial Report)

As can be seen from the above figure, although iQiyi’s revenue maintained growth, the year-on-year growth rate continued to decline. Iqiyi’s income mainly consists of membership services, online advertising services, content distribution and other income.

In the fourth quarter, Iqiyi’s membership income was 3.861 billion yuan, up 20.6% from 3.201 billion yuan in the same period of last year, up 3.9% from 3.717 billion yuan in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, membership service revenue accounted for 51.5%, making it the largest source of income for iQiyi. Iqiyi said that the revenue growth was mainly due to the high-quality content and diversified operations, which promoted the growth of the number of subscribers.

Gong Yu, founder, director and CEO of Aiqiyi, said that the revenue of Aiqiyi’s membership business increased by 36% in 2019, and the number of subscribed members reached 107 million. Looking forward to the next decade, the upcoming continuous innovation of 5G commercial and artificial intelligence technologies will bring great opportunities to Aiqiyi. As users in China are more and more willing to pay for high-quality content and use convenient payment methods, they will jointly bring great growth potential to the iQiyi business.

According to the financial report, as of the end of the fourth quarter, the number of subscribed members of iQiyi reached 107 million, and the number of subscribed members increased by 22% year-on-year. On the whole, the growth of subscription members is also slowing down, and with the decline of demographic dividend, membership growth seems to have peaked.

(Source: Financial Report)

Online advertising revenue was 1.883 billion yuan, down 14.6% from 2.204 billion yuan in the same period of last year and down 8.9% from 2.067 billion yuan in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, online advertising revenue accounted for 25.1%, and the contribution of online advertising revenue continued to decline. Iqiyi said that macroeconomic challenges have led to a decline in online advertising revenue. Yiguan Finance believes that the decline in online advertising revenue is also related to the rapid development of short video platforms. With the rise and rapid development of short video platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok and bilibili, users’ attention and advertisers’ budget have shifted, and the advertising business of long video network has been robbed of "share".

Content distribution revenue was 878 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 68%. Content distribution income mainly comes from broadcasting authorized content. In 2019, hit dramas, such as Little Joy, Dear, Love, and Joy of Life, were distributed by iQiyi. From the perspective of revenue growth, the distribution of these hit dramas has achieved good results.

In the fourth quarter, the income from other businesses of iQiyi was 874 million yuan, down 21% year-on-year. In 2019, the annual revenue was 3.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30%. This is mainly due to the growth of many vertical businesses, especially the strong growth of game business after the acquisition of Tianxiang Mutual Entertainment.

Thanks to the reduction of content cost, iQiyi’s Q4 net loss in 2019 was 2.49 billion yuan, narrowing by 28% year-on-year and 32.6% quarter-on-quarter. However, in 2019, iQiyi lost 10.3 billion yuan for the whole year, still showing an expanding trend year-on-year.

According to the financial report, in Q4 of 2019, the operating cost of iQiyi was 7.914 billion yuan, and the content cost was 5.7 billion yuan, accounting for 72% of the operating cost. Content cost includes copyright purchase cost and content production cost.

Gong Yu, founder, director and CEO of iQiyi, mentioned in the earnings conference call that the content cost in 2019 only increased by 6% because of the continuous optimization of the content structure. The financial report shows that in 2019, the content cost of iQiyi was 22.2 billion yuan.

As can be seen from the balance sheet of iQiyi, the content assets of iQiyi include current assets-net value of copyright content, non-current assets-net value of copyright content, and non-current assets-net value of self-made content.

The financial report shows that as of December 31, 2019, iQiyi’s self-made content assets were 4.355 billion yuan, an increase of 16.6% compared with 3.736 billion yuan in the same period of last year; At the end of the period, the authorized content assets totaled 7.51 billion yuan, down 3.7% year-on-year.

From the changes of self-made content assets and authorized content assets, iQiyi achieves structural optimization by increasing the proportion of self-made content and decreasing the proportion of authorized content.

Gong Yu said at the conference call that film and television plays are still the main driving force for members to add value. At present, the hit dramas on the platform of iQiyi, such as Joy of Life and Dear, Love, all belong to copyrighted works.

Self-made video content, which will involve IP copyright purchase of film and television dramas, actor pay, shooting and other production costs, which are all important items of cost expenditure. The self-made variety "Qi Pa Shuo" has continued for six levels, and the topic heat has remained unchanged. "Sword Dynasty", starring Li Xian, a streaming star, is popular in Iqiyi. Although the limitation of star pay and the rising trend of drama prices slow down, the cost of purchasing copyright and the cost of self-made drama and variety shows decrease, it still cannot reverse the loss of video platforms.

In the case of membership growth meeting the ceiling, video websites began to change their thinking and tap the value of membership. If video websites want to turn losses, they need to constantly try new business models.

In terms of member value-added services, the charging mode of "member-on-demand in advance" launched by the video platform was criticized by the whole network and was questioned as "ugly", but it did not stop the determination of video websites to implement the charging mode of "member-on-demand in advance", which will become a normal broadcasting mode in the future.

Gong Yu thinks that although there are relatively few dramas adopting this mode at present, it accounts for a small proportion of the total revenue, but this mode is successful. "In the future, we will take this mode as a normal way of broadcasting. At present, the impact of advanced on-demand on the average revenue per user (ARPU) in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020 is not great, but it will be an important way to improve ARPU in the future. "

Iqiyi is constantly changing in the form of advertisements, such as patch advertisements and original small theater advertisements for online dramas. Iqiyi is also constantly trying to make use of advertising resources. Although Iqiyi members have purchased VIP members, they still have to watch advertisements. For example, in a 45-minute episode, all kinds of advertisements are inserted in the title, preview, film and ending, and even members are not spared. Some members can close it manually, while others can’t close it by force.

Iqiyi also said that the membership fee has increased. With the development of video websites for many years, people in China have a certain understanding of the paid membership model, but the acceptance of the paid membership model in China is not so high. In the long-term competition, video websites attract paying members through promotion, although it can boost revenue growth, but it is difficult to achieve profitability. Under the situation of tripartite confrontation, if only one party announces the price increase, it is likely to cause the loss of users.

Video websites are still content-oriented. Yiguan Finance has conducted a small-scale survey. Most paid members of video websites said that a video website member can almost meet their own needs for watching movies/dramas. Which platform can meet your own viewing needs, you will choose which platform, and you will not love a certain platform alone. There are also some users who have registered a number of platform members, but they will not buy annual members, but will only choose monthly membership when chasing a favorite film and television drama.

From this point of view, the loyalty of video platform users remains to be assessed. Whether the video website has enough rich content such as TV dramas and variety shows is the key to retain users. After all, users pay for high-quality content, and the continuous output of high-quality content is the key to the continuous growth and retention of paying users on the platform.

In addition, some insiders told Yiguan Finance that there is another factor in the loss of video websites, that is, the pressure on servers and bandwidth. The video platform should ensure that hundreds of thousands or even millions of people can watch online at the same time, and sometimes upload data traffic such as barrage. These fixed expenses are not small.

With the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, everyone was forced to stay at home and play drama. As a result, when I wanted to meet you was updated on February 26th, iQiyi collapsed, and "iQiyi collapsed" was returned to Weibo for hot search. From the technical principle, there are two reasons for the server crash, one is that the server content is tight, and the other is that the service design is flawed. It seems that Ali, JD.COM and others built their own cloud computing data centers for a reason.

In the layout, short videos, long videos and short videos erode each other and fight hand in hand?

Typical Internet users will allocate their online entertainment time to many different fields, including video (Youaiteng’s three long video websites; Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and other short video sites) game videos (Tiger Tooth, bilibili, Betta Fish, etc.) and news push platforms. With the disappearance of traffic bonus, the peak of membership and the continuous loss, iQiyi needs new stories to enhance its commercial imagination. With the rapid rise of short videos, Iqiyi is constantly trying to seek new breakthroughs.

In fact, iQiyi has launched a variety of short video products, such as gingerbread, whale eating, natto, Jinshi and many videos. Although it failed to attract enough attention, it never gave up. Currently in the "Small Video" entrance of the top column of iQiyi app.

According to Tech Planet, iQiyi recently launched a short video featuring short videos of young trends. Iqiyi launched the "Shake Short Video" this time, on the one hand, it is an expansion and attempt of its own short video classification, on the other hand, it is to seize the popularity of 5G, constantly innovate, accelerate trial and error, and strive to create an explosive short video APP.

For the layout competition in the field of short video, at the conference call of Iqiyi’s 2019 Q4 and annual financial report, Gong Yu, the founder and CEO of Iqiyi, announced that he planned to launch a YouTube mode App called "On Time", and said that Ge Hong, who had rich technical and management experience in companies such as Facebook and Airbnb, would fully lead the business. This seems to show the determination of short videos in the layout of iQiyi.

It is reported that there will be two main categories of "on-demand" video content. The first category is PUGC content, which is mainly uploaded by MCN, individuals and professional organizations. In addition, the long video content of iQiyi will also be played on-demand, thus forming a strategic synergy of "long video+short video".

The content production methods of short videos are mainly PGC (professional production content) and UGC (user-produced content), which are mainly realized by advertising. The long video is either self-made or needs to buy copyright, and the realization methods are mainly user payment and advertising.

In the field of short and medium videos, iQiyi will face the competition from headline department, bilibili and Tik Tok.

Headline has a huge user base and a high daily activity rate, which lays the foundation for the commercial realization of long video. Headlines rely on its good recommendation algorithm to analyze and summarize users’ video preferences and playing habits through big data, and apply them to headline-made videos. They can even customize headline users’ exclusive homemade dramas and homemade variety shows according to the results of big data analysis and user preferences.

Compared with short video platforms, the advantages of long video platforms such as Youaiteng come from the copyright and IP resources of a large number of content creators. Youaiteng takes the lead in the segmentation field in the short video industry through its own areas of expertise. Strict supervision has, to some extent, "forced" the short video head platform to enhance the awareness of copyright, continuously expand the content map, and cultivate and expand the long video user base.

With the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, all the films for the Spring Festival in 2020 were withdrawn. On January 24th, Lost in Russia, directed by Xú Zhēng, announced that he would cooperate with ByteDance’s platform, and the "Headline System" short video platform (Tik Tok/Watermelon/Volcano) was broadcasted independently for free, which aroused the attention and heated discussion in the industry. Many people think that this is not only a symbol of headlines entering the long video and film industry.

With the expansion of users, long and short video platforms have already eroded each other. Short video platforms pay more and more attention to original content, and the competition for original content between long and short video platforms will become more and more fierce.

Poster of "Dangkou Fengyun"

Special feature of 1905 film network In the splendid history of the Chinese nation for 5,000 years, there have been countless epic national heroes, and their stories have been constantly reshaped in various artistic forms. Since the birth of China’s films, there have been endless films praising national heroes. This year, there are still many films on this theme in China film market. In addition to the hit "Wandering in the Wind", films based on the Sino-French War in the late Qing Dynasty will also be shown in the summer file. This gives us a chance to review the light and shadow and capture all the great national hero images on the screen.

　

China has a vast territory since ancient times, and wars have been going on constantly, so a fighting hero like Yue Fei has emerged. With the rapid expansion of western forces, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where wars were frequent, became a historical opportunity for national heroes to be tempered and born in the war. The story of the movie Dangkou Fengyun took place during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. The Japanese pirates constantly harassed and plundered the southeast coast of China, and the government troops were helpless in the face of foreign pirates, and the local people were in dire straits. Qi Jiguang, a young military attache from a military family, came to Zhejiang to take charge of the military affairs against Japan. In order to organize a truly effective army in the face of the enemy, Qi Jiguang recruited brave miners from the local area for strict training, and formed the "Qijiajun" which made the enemy fear.

　

Qi Jiguang has both civil and military skills in history, so it is wise to choose Chiu Man-Cheuk, who is a martial arts player with elegant temperament, to play in the movie "Dangkou Fengyun". Yu Dayou, another famous anti-Japanese actor in the film, is played by Sammo Hung, a veteran action film director and actor. The incarnation of the two kung fu superstars as historical celebrities has undoubtedly enhanced the visibility of the film from a commercial point of view. However, the point of view of "Wandering in the Wind" is not limited to this. Restoring history through grand war scenes is the focus of the film. Director Chen Jiashang studied Qi Jiguang’s relevant historical materials for nearly ten years, and finally chose Qi Jiguang’s experience of training Qi Jiajun as a "special force" as a breakthrough point to show the fighting spirit inspired by the generals, soldiers and coastal people in the face of the Japanese invasion.

Stills of Lin Zexu

　

Compared with those national heroes who became famous for their martial arts, Destruction of Opium at Humen’s Lin Zexu became a widely spread example for his boldness and courage. Lin Zexu’s deeds have been put on the big screen many times. The two most influential editions are Lin Zexu in 1959 and directed by Xie Jin in 1997. The two films are respectively starred by Zhao Dan, the earliest "national male god" in China films, and Bao Guoan, who is well-known for his role of Cao Cao in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Lin Zexu, played by Zhao Dan, is elegant and indifferent, while Bao Guoan emphasizes his concern for the country and the people. There are many subtle differences in temperament between the two versions of Lin Zexu, but on the whole, they all depict Lin Zexu’s upright and unyielding national character in the face of political enemies and aggressors from different angles.

Stills of Opium War

　

In particular, the film Opium War, which creatively added a large section of English drama in all English, examined the situation at that time from a different perspective. The film was released on the eve of Hong Kong’s return to China. At that time, after more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China’s national strength increased greatly, and people’s material and cultural lives were much richer than before. As the film says, only when a nation really stands up can it face up to and reflect on its humiliating history. Many times, the film described the smoking ban situation at that time with smoky and dim scenes, and at the same time, it also alluded to the unbearable political environment. Local officials committed crimes and bullied their superiors and deluded their subordinates everywhere. In this case of corruption and decline, the film vividly depicts a loyal and wise veteran Lin Zexu, and his "loyalty" and "righteousness" are also particularly deplorable.

　

Lin Zexu’s greatest historical achievement lies not only in hosting Destruction of Opium at Humen to show Chinese’s determination and perseverance, but also in his inspiration to the later generations to "open their eyes to the world". Under the guidance of this thought, the Westernization Movement of "learning from foreigners and strengthening ourselves" rose, and the Qing government set up the strongest fleet in Asia — — Beiyang navy. In this fleet, a heroic hero was born, whose name was Deng Shichang.

Stills of the Sino-Japanese War

　

In 1894, in the Sino-Japanese Lunar New Year, the Japanese naval joint fleet broke into the waters of China and challenged the Beiyang Navy in China. The film "Sino-Japanese War" released in 1962 reflects this history. It focuses on portraying the heroic image of Deng Shichang, the leader of Zhiyuan Ship, and contrasts it with Li Hongzhang and Fang Boqian, who are weak and afraid of war. The film is starred by actor Li Moran, who successfully created the hero Deng Shichang, a classic character in the history of China film, with his generous figure and resolute temperament. Although the ship in the film is different from the real history due to the limitation of technical level, the thrilling naval battle scene left a deep impression on that generation of China audience. Countless people feel sorry for the complete defeat of Beiyang Navy, but Deng Shichang, played by Li Moran, commanded the scarred Zhiyuan to crash into the joint fleet’s Yoshino, and this scene showed the spirit of death, which still deeply inspired the audience.

Poster of 1894 Sino-Japanese War

　

Fifty years after the release of "The Storm of the Sino-Japanese War", the audience welcomed the movie "1894 Sino-Japanese War" with the same theme, which was shot by the famous war film director Feng Xiaoning. The film increased the feud between the protagonist Deng Shichang and the enemy officer Ito Sukeyuki before the naval battle, and strengthened the dramatic tension of the whole story. Most of the main actors in the film showed credible acting skills. Although as a film released in 2012, its costume props and war scenes are still far from those of the current large-scale commercial films, the film has created a different kind of tragic, and this tragic comes from the appeal of national heroes themselves.

　

The Opium War made China lose Hongkong, and the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 forced China to admit the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province. It was not until half a century later that the people of China won an all-round victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression that Taiwan Province was recovered. And this troubled treasure island is not the first time occupied by invaders. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, she once fell into the hands of Dutch invaders. The Chinese people on Taiwan Province Island could not bear the exploitation and torture of the Dutch, so they had to turn to the motherland on the other side of the Strait. Zheng Chenggong, as the mainstay of the generals in the Southern Ming Dynasty, organized a fleet to sail for Taiwan Province without hesitation after learning what happened to his compatriots, and with the cooperation of compatriots on the island, he defeated the cunning and ferocious enemy and brought Taiwan Province back to China.

Stills of Hero Zheng Chenggong

Zheng Chenggong’s story was put on the screen by director Wu Ziniu in 2001. The film "Hero Zheng Chenggong" also stars Chiu Man-Cheuk. From Qi Jiguang to Zheng Chenggong, it seems that Chiu Man-Cheuk really has some unique temperament, which accords with the audience’s traditional cognition of national heroes. Compared with Qi Jiguang’s high spirits, the film adds a sadness and resentment to Zheng Chenggong’s ruin. Under Chiu Man-Cheuk’s meticulous interpretation, the heroes are full of masculine beauty, and also perfectly express the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait’s deep affection and their common desire for reunification.

　

Before the Japanese rebellion in the Ming Dynasty, China rarely encountered foreign enemies from the sea; In the Qing Dynasty after the Ming Dynasty, just like the Dutch invaders in Hero Zheng Chenggong, more difficult enemies began to cross the sea from further places. The movie The Battle of the Dragons, which will be released in the summer, is such a story background. In the 1980s, French troops from the European continent brazenly invaded China’s vassal Viet Nam, and approached China’s border, killing China’s border people, and the Sino-French war broke out. In the anti-aggression war, including this war in modern times, China is no longer confronted with an enemy as savage and backward as the Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty, but a great power with more advanced weapons and systems. It is under this circumstance that China’s soldiers and civilians, led by veteran Feng Zicai, have shown their tenacious resistance and national integrity.

"Battle of the Dragon" poster

　

In the movie Battle of the Dragons, in order to save the situation of losing ground, the Qing government reactivated Feng Zicai, who was old and retired. And he didn’t live up to the trust of the country. At the age of nearly 70, he personally fought with a knife and gun, bravely fighting the tall and strong black soldiers of the French army, and finally led the Qing army to win the victory in Zhennan. Old general Feng Zicai is also a well-deserved national hero.

　

From The Storm of the Sino-Japanese War to The Battle of the Dragons, generations of filmmakers have created vivid and touching images of national heroes on the big screen. For thousands of years, it is under the inspiration of these heroes that countless Chinese sons and daughters have fought for the land under their feet unswervingly and fearlessly. With the rising of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of film technology, we will be able to make better national hero films, not forgetting history and praising their great national spirit. This is not only the needs of movie audiences, but also the spiritual needs of the nation, because it is these national heroes who prop up the unyielding backbone of the Chinese nation.

The military parade is an extremely grand military ceremony.

It embodies the national prestige of a country, the military prestige of an army and the integrity of a nation.

It is an important form for soldiers to swear loyalty to the country and show their military style.

It is of great significance for promoting national prestige and military prestige, inspiring national spirit and inspiring patriotic enthusiasm.

Since the founding of New China, there have been 14 National Day military parades and the Victory Day of the Anti-Japanese War in 2015, and military parades have also been held in some large-scale military exercises.

There are many perspectives on how to look at these military parades.

You can see it from the reading formation

You can see from the weapons and equipment

From the clothing of the troops being read

You can see from the slogan of the military parade.

You can also look at it from the leader’s review car and so on

In short, the National Day military parade has a lot to watch.

From these perspectives, we can see that the achievements of national defense modernization and the revolutionary, modernized and regularized new features of the People’s Liberation Army reflect the comprehensive quality and economic strength of the country, as well as the military and cultural level of the country and the army.

"CNR National Defense Time and Space" specially invited Jiang Tingyu, former director and researcher of the Editorial Research Department of China People’s Revolutionary Military Museum, to tell you about it.

Viewing the military parade from multiple perspectives

first episode

Viewing the military parade from the formation of the troops being read

The pictures in this article are all from "CNR National Defense Time and Space" WeChat WeChat official account.

The formation of military parade is an important content and element of military parade. The formations read can reflect the development process of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) from a single army to a synthetic army of various military types, the reform and changes of the PLA establishment system, and the achievements of the national defense and army building in new China and the brand-new features of the PLA’s revolutionary, modern and regular construction.

Founding ceremony military parade

Navy, air force

First formation. See Synonyms at first formation

The troops being read are mainly the army.

In the founding ceremony military parade in 1949, 16,400 troops were read, which were formed in the sequence of the navy, army and air force. Although the navy had only two platoons, it was organized as a square team and walked in the front. The army is formed in the order of infantry division, artillery division, chariot division and cavalry division. Seventeen aircraft of the Air Force are organized into a mixed flight echelon and six detachments. The troops under study are nominally the army, navy and air force, but in fact they are mainly the army, and the army is mainly the infantry. The navy, air force and other arms are still being formed.

Navy parade in founding ceremony.

Cavalry team in founding ceremony military parade

Military parade on the first anniversary of National Day

The number of reference troops is the largest, and the formation under review has reflected the gradual progress from a single army to a synthetic army of various services and arms.

In 1950, 24,209 officers and men participated in the National Day military parade, which was the largest number of troops in the 13th National Day military parade in New China. During the National Day military parade, the leading bodies of the air force, navy, artillery, armored forces and other services and arms have been established, and the objects and formations read have reflected that the People’s Liberation Army has gradually moved from a single army to a synthetic army of various services and arms.

The air force parade in the National Day military parade in 1950.

1950年国庆阅兵接受检阅的坦克方队

国庆两周年阅兵

军事院校、伞兵部队、探照灯部队和民兵编队首次参加受阅。

1951年国庆阅兵，受阅的陆海空三军部队和民兵代表13348人。地面方队13个，空中梯队3个，共16个编队。这次阅兵，首次出现了军事院校方队，并且作为受阅第一方队，反映了我军注重院校建设，重视培养军队现代军事人才 。伞兵部队、探照灯部队也是首次编队受阅。民兵作为一个方队首次参加国庆阅兵。

1951年国庆阅兵中军事学院方队

首次受阅的伞兵部队

国庆三周年阅兵

公安部队首次编队受阅

1952年国庆阅兵，陆海空三军部队和民兵代表11300多人接受检阅。公安部队第一次编队受阅。1950年11月公安部队领导机构成立，公安部队成为人民解放军的一个重要军种。

1952年国庆阅兵中民兵方队

国庆四周年阅兵

The first formation of "Katyusha" rocket artillery was read

1953国庆阅兵，陆海空军代表11035人参加受阅，48个地面方队和6个空中梯队。“喀秋莎”火箭炮兵首次编队受阅，成为阅兵的一个亮点。在炮兵方队里，拖拉机牵引着巨大的加榴炮通过天安门广场。“拖拉机拖炮”成为国庆四周年阅兵的一道风景线。

The first formation of "Katyusha" rocket artillery was read

Military parade on the fifth anniversary of National Day

The cavalry team was read for the last time

In the National Day military parade in 1954, there were 10,384 people in 38 teams on the ground and 4 flight echelons in the air. Among them, there are 7 military academies, and the cavalry has been organized into 6 teams. This is the last time the cavalry troops were reviewed in the National Day military parade. Since then, the cavalry troops have withdrawn from the National Day military parade stage.

The cavalry team that was read for the last time

Military parade on the sixth anniversary of National Day

The People’s Liberation Army implements the military rank system.

For the first time, a general leader appeared in the troops under study.

In the National Day military parade in 1955, 10,344 troops were read by the armed forces, forming 27 square teams and several flight echelons. After the People’s Liberation Army implemented the military rank system, all the officers and men of each party team of the army, navy and air force were wearing new military uniforms, wearing ranks and badges, and they were full of energy and spirits, showing the new look of the People’s Liberation Army after the military rank system was implemented. This military parade, in the military academy team, there was also a general leader.

The military academy team led by the general

Military parade on the seventh anniversary of National Day

Due to the rain, the airborne echelon was not read.

In the National Day military parade in 1956, 11,929 troops were referred to and organized into 29 ground teams and several flight echelons for reference. See the officers and men of the army taking the domestic Jiefang brand car for review. The airborne echelon was not read because of the rain.

People’s Liberation Army reading in the rain

National Day Eighth Anniversary Parade

It is the one with the least number of readers.

The first formation of domestic fighters was read.

In the National Day military parade in 1957, there were 29 parade teams and 5 aerial echelons, with 7064 participants, which was the least among the 13 military parades in New China. During the National Day military parade in 1957, China’s self-produced Il-28 jet bomber and J -5 fighter participated in the aerial echelon for the first time.

China’s self-produced bombers and fighters participated in the aerial echelon for the first time.

National Day Ninth Anniversary Parade

Seven militia divisions in the capital were read.

The first formation of female militia. See Synonyms at first.

In the National Day military parade in 1958, there were 7,856 soldiers and militiamen, and 15 trekking teams, 14 vehicle teams and 6 aerial echelons were reviewed. "Capital Militia Division" appeared in the reading team for the first time, with seven capital militia divisions as references, and female militiamen were read in formation for the first time.

North China militia team read

The female militia team being read

National Day 10th Anniversary Parade

Refer to the large number of planes and the large number of air echelons.

In the National Day military parade in 1959, there were 11,018 troops in 35 formations, including 15 trekking teams, 14 vehicle teams, 6 aerial echelons and 155 planes. Compared with previous military parades, the number of planes and air echelons is the largest. The military parade was large in scale, but it only took 58 minutes, indicating that the organization of the military parade is becoming more and more thorough and mature.

The air echelon being read

Military parade on the 35th anniversary of National Day

The strategic missile team, the armed police team and the female soldier team participated in the reading for the first time.

In the National Day military parade in 1984, 10,370 troops were read, including 46 square (ladder) teams. There are 42 ground parades, including 24 mechanized parades and 18 trekking parades. There are more mechanized parades than before, which reflects the development and promotion of our army’s modernization. There are 4 air echelons and 94 aircraft. The strategic missile made its debut, and the female soldier team participated in the National Day reading for the first time, which became a beautiful landscape on the parade ground. The armed police force, which has just been formed, is also being read for the first time.

The female soldier team participated in the National Day reading for the first time.

The first appearance of the strategic missile team

50 th anniversary military parade

Army aviation, naval aviation, marine corps, armed police special police team and reserve forces were read for the first time.

In the National Day military parade in 1999, more than 11,000 people from the PLA Army, Navy, Air Force, Second Artillery Corps, People’s Armed Police Force, militia and reserve forces formed 42 ground teams and 10 air echelons, and 52 formations were reviewed. Among the ground teams, there are 17 trekking teams and 25 vehicle teams. Army aviation, naval aviation, marine corps, armed police special police and reserve forces were read for the first time. Air tanker, etc. See for the first time. There are 25 people in the parade, which is the highest in the world.

The marine corps team that was read.

The airborne troops team being read.

The 60th anniversary military parade.

Special forces, weapons and equipment and high-tech teams have been added. Special forces team, armed police armored vehicle team, airborne combat vehicle team, mobile radar team, signal equipment team, drone team, cruise missile team, early warning aircraft echelon, etc. refer to it for the first time. The echelon of female pilots first appeared in the National Day parade.

In the National Day military parade in 2009, there were more than 8,000 troops and militia reserves, including 56 square (ladder) teams, including 14 on foot, 30 on equipment and 12 in the air, which was the largest number of Chinese (ladder) teams in all previous National Day military parades in New China.

The Army has seven arms for reference, the Navy has four arms for reference, the Air Force has four arms for reference, and the Second Artillery Corps has six teams for reference. The first appearance of the special forces team, the second artillery walking team, and the female soldiers team of the three armed forces showed that the military parade was more comprehensive. The complete reference elements reflect the integrity of China’s armed forces system.

This National Day military parade has reduced the number of trekking teams and increased the number of equipment teams. There is only one infantry team. The navy, air force, second artillery and other arms and services have increased. The number of strategic missile teams of the Second Artillery Corps increased to five, and the number of aviation echelons increased to 12. For the first time, we refer to the UAV team, the airborne combat vehicle team, the signal equipment team, the logistics equipment team, the mobile radar team, the armed police armored vehicle team, the cruise missile team, and the early warning aircraft echelon. There are many arms and services of equipment and technology in the team being read, which reflects the transformation of the People’s Liberation Army from quantitative scale to quality and efficiency, and from manpower-intensive to technology-intensive.

The special forces team being read

The drone team being read

Anti-Japanese War Victory Day Parade

A team of anti-Japanese veterans appeared, and representatives of the anti-Japanese model troops formed a team to be read separately. Nearly 1,000 officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams attended the reading, which was the first time that China invited foreign military representatives to participate in the military parade.

Anti-Japanese War Victory Day military parade. 12,000 troops participated in the reading, and they were organized into 50 square (ladder) teams. Among them, there are 11 trekking teams, 2 anti-Japanese veteran comrades riding teams, 27 equipment teams and 10 aerial echelons. Representatives of the British model troops in the Anti-Japanese War formed a team to be read separately. Nearly a thousand officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams participated in the reading.

The Anti-Japanese War Veterans’ Team is a special reading team. Their average age is 90 years old, the youngest is 84 years old, and the oldest is 102 years old. Many of them are covered with medals, medals and commemorative medals on their chests, which record and show their achievements and historical contributions in the Anti-Japanese War.

Participate in the anti-Japanese war veteran team that was read.

It is the first time in the history of the new China military parade that representatives of the British model troops formed a team to be read separately. This fully reflects the full affirmation of the Party and the country to the British model troops who have made meritorious deeds and contributions in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Participate in the team of Yingmo troops in Langyashan.

Nearly 1,000 officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams from five continents in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania and America participated in the reading. This is the first time that China has invited foreign military representatives to participate in the military parade, which embodies a clear attitude of jointly commemorating the victory of the world anti-fascist war, embodies the internationality of the world anti-fascist war, and embodies the people of China and the people of other countries to jointly defend the victory of World War II and pursue and yearn for lasting peace in the world.

The Russian Federation armed forces team was reviewed.

For the first time, the 27 equipment teams that were read were grouped into six combat modules: ground assault, air defense and anti-missile, maritime attack and defense, strategic strike, information support and afterloading support, which broke the previous concept that military parades were grouped according to land, sea, air, second artillery and other arms, and highlighted the changes in the operational concept of the People’s Liberation Army.

Both nuclear and regular missile teams

Bomber echelon

The 10 air echelons and nearly 200 planes read are uniform and magnificent. Including air flag protection echelon, leader echelon, early warning commander echelon, fighter echelon, bomber echelon, naval carrier-based aircraft echelon, maritime patrol aircraft echelon, helicopter echelon, refueling and receiving aircraft echelon, covering the existing advanced combat and support aircraft of our army. The air combat elements are complete, the formation is novel and changeable, and the meters and seconds of the large formation are not bad. This fully reflects the improvement of our army’s modern combat level.　

(The original title is "Looking at the military parade from multiple perspectives: Looking at the military parade from the formation of the troops being read")