It is reported that Yuan Biao cooperated with Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung in many kung fu movies, which not only spread across the Taiwan Strait, but also spread overseas.

Since then, Yuan Biao, Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung have entered the Japanese music scene and released related albums, which is enough to show the popularity of these three brothers.

However, unlike Jackie Chan, Yuan Biao became more behind the scenes as a martial arts instructor, and his popularity gradually began to decline.

Fortunately, Yuan Biao is now back in the film and television circle. Judging from the preview released by Yuan Biao’s latest film, Yuan Biao’s performance in the play is very tough, which makes many fans look forward to it.

Of course, apart from Yuan Biao, the rare cooperation between Lv Liangwei and Kathy CHAU is also very interesting.

Friends who know them know that Lv Liangwei and Kathy CHAU were married. The former lovers are now cooperating again, which makes people look forward to it.

It is reported that Lv Liangwei and Kathy CHAU were secretly registered and married abroad, but they didn’t go on all the time. After marriage, Lv Liangwei and Kathy CHAU soon had conflicts, and this marriage ended in a hurry after failing to survive for one year, which made people feel sorry.

As for the reason of their divorce, it was said that Lv Liangwei’s father needed someone to take care of him at that time, but Kathy CHAU couldn’t take care of others, and the contradiction between them intensified.

Later, in an interview, Kathy CHAU explained the reason for their separation, that is, they broke up because of their incompatible personalities.

However, Kathy CHAU and Lv Liangwei are very open-minded, so it won’t be embarrassing for them to meet again after ending their relationship. Kathy CHAU said that when filming in the mainland, they were in a crew with Lv Liangwei, and both sides were not shy. Lv Liangwei also took care of Kathy CHAU, and even Lv Liangwei would take the initiative to call Kathy CHAU over at dinner.

Now that Kathy CHAU and Lv Liangwei are relieved, Lv Liangwei has a happy family, and after marrying his wife Yang Xiaojuan, the couple also started a business. Now Lv Liangwei has joined the wave of live broadcast with goods, and when she is free, she shoots some funny jokes with her wife.

Although Kathy CHAU has been single for many years, living alone in Beijing is also very comfortable. It’s just that Kathy CHAU, who is now 55 years old, can’t hide her old age, even under the beauty effect. Fortunately, Kathy CHAU has a young mind, and often shoots some daily photos to share with netizens.

At present, the film starring these three veteran actors will be released soon. Whether it is the return of Yuan Biao or the reunion of the former husband and wife Kathy CHAU Lv Liangwei, it is very interesting. I hope these three veteran actors can continue to bring new works to the audience.

In Ching-Ying Lam’s zombie movie universe, "One Eyebrow Road flyover" is like an unfinished gem. Although its light is slightly dim, it still carries his brave attempt at genre fusion. In the film, the seemingly insignificant plantain essence has become an unforgettable feeling in many people’s hearts. Where is this plantain essence? It is simply the lingering curiosity and regret in the hearts of the audience, which condensed into a sigh: "It is simply my good sister."

At the beginning of the film, the encounter between Anthony Wong (Siu-ho Chin) and Bajiaojing, like a short but unforgettable encounter, leaves people wanting more. Banana essence shows people with a red gauze and heavy eye makeup, which not only reveals the mystery of exotic customs, but also mingles with the mystery of oriental ghost stories. Her appearance seems to be a subtle subversion of traditional zombie films. However, Ching-Ying Lam’s stroke seems to be too hasty, and the role of Bajiaojing has been tasted. Without fully developing its charm, he left in a hurry, leaving the audience with infinite reverie and some regrets.

Fantasy collision across things

One Eyebrow Road flyover is special because it is not only a zombie film, but also a bold fusion of western vampire elements by Ching-Ying Lam. In that era when zombie movies flooded, Ching-Ying Lam tried to innovate and try to break the aesthetic fatigue of the audience. Although this attempt did not win the expected box office success, the courage and innovative spirit behind it are worthy of our deep thinking. Although the introduction of vampires in the film seems abrupt, it is a powerful proof that Ching-Ying Lam tried to broaden the boundaries of zombie films. Even today, this spark of cultural collision between the East and the West is still an interesting attempt.

The instantaneous brilliance of a walk-on actor

When it comes to "One Eyebrow Road flyover", I have to mention the walk-on actors who passed by. They may not have left their names, but they left their own moments on the screen. Ye suo, who plays the role of plantain essence, is such an actor. Although her appearance is short, she has become an "unsolved mystery" in the hearts of many fans with her unique image. These unknown supporting roles, like a touch of bright color in the film, are inconspicuous, but they add indispensable color to the film.

Ching-Ying Lam’s Road to Directing

As Ching-Ying Lam’s first self-directed and self-performed work, One Eyebrow Road flyover bears too many expectations and dreams. Dalu Film, co-founded with Lan Naicai and Cai Lan, is the first film "One Eyebrow Road flyover", which contains not only the love for movies, but also the expectation for the future of zombie films. Although the film failed to shine brilliantly for various reasons, it is still a stroke that cannot be ignored in Ching-Ying Lam’s film career, which witnessed his exploration and efforts on the road of directing.

Conclusion: immortal memory under the tide of the times

Ching-Ying Lam’s life is almost closely related to the development history of zombie movies. Although with the changes of the times, the impact of Hollywood blockbusters has made zombie films gradually fade away, Ching-Ying Lam’s name and the classic characters he created have long been indelible memories in the hearts of a generation. The plantain essence in One Eyebrow Road flyover may be just a glimpse, but it is also the epitome of Ching-Ying Lam’s constant exploration and attempt. In this era of information explosion, we should learn to use advanced tools to improve the viewing experience and creative efficiency, just as Sohu Simple AI provides all-round creative support to make our entertainment life more colorful.

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While remembering the classics, we might as well use the power of science and technology to expand the boundaries of film creation and appreciation infinitely, so that every soul who loves movies can find his own touch and surprise in the world of light and shadow.

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With the birth of a child, there are more family members. In order to prevent my family and children from riding a scooter with me every day, I told myself with certainty that I must work hard to make money and give them a big tool to shelter from the wind and rain. Today, it was finally realized. Although it was not a luxury car, it did not say that it was particularly expensive, but it warmed my home this winter. At first, when I first started to look at cars, I did a lot of homework online, and all my friends around me recommended it to me. I have learned about it from domestic and joint ventures. Why do I choose Geely among many models? Speaking of seeing Xingrui for the first time, it is also a very accidental thing. At the beginning of December, I attended a friend’s wedding. The bride’s father just bought Xingrui as a dowry for her daughter, and the host asked me to help me drive. In this way, my first contact with Xingrui was opened. Unexpectedly, Xingrui gave me the first impression that the car was too smooth to drive, with smooth control, good power and comfortable seats, which really subverted my view of independent brands. After I went home that day, I checked the information on the Internet, and I loved it even more. This is the car I want, and the price is also under consideration. I mainly look at the configuration, 7DCT gearbox, 540-degree eye of God, bose stereo, wireless charging, aromatherapy system, etc. One configuration is really more fragrant than the other. I will go to the store after a few days’ rest, because my wife will mainly look at the appearance.When I came to the 4S shop to see the car, my wife was actually attracted by Xingrui, feeling younger and more sporty than a certain escape. With the support of my wife, the car was settled smoothly that day.

How can you not love such an excellent car? More than 4.7 bodies are catching up with the length of B-class cars, and there is enough space for me.

How can you not love such an excellent car? More than 4.7 bodies are catching up with the length of B-class cars, and there is enough space for me.

Handsome front face, Geely changed into a black label, which made it much cooler.

Handsome front face, Geely changed into a black label, which made it much cooler.

A new waterfall air intake grille is adopted.

A new waterfall air intake grille is adopted.

Really, the sooner the better, the more beautiful it is.Borui (parameter | picture) is a bit like.

Really, the sooner, the better. The slip-back style is a bit like.

Double-lens LED headlights, it is said that your long-distance and distance in Dan Toujing are better.

Double-lens LED headlights, it is said that your long-distance and distance in Dan Toujing are better.

This picture is my favorite. It feels good.

This picture is my favorite. It feels good.

The rear taillight of Bingling Binglibg, when viewed from the side, is slightly tilted, like a small rear tail, which makes the appearance of the whole vehicle much more sporty.

The rear taillight of Bingling Binglibg, when viewed from the side, is slightly tilted, like a small rear tail, which makes the appearance of the whole vehicle much more sporty.

The tail of the car is marked by Geely’s English name, which is also good-looking, and the English of Xingrui is in the lower right corner.

The tail of the car is marked by Geely’s English name, which is also good-looking, and the English of Xingrui is in the lower right corner.

18-inch aluminum alloy wheels and a red caliper make the whole car look younger and sporty, which is why I choose high gear.

18-inch aluminum alloy wheels and a red caliper make the whole car look younger and sporty, which is why I choose high gear.

Simple and generous blue and white interior, full of scientific and technological interior design.

Simple and generous blue and white interior, full of scientific and technological interior design.

Personally, I think the space in the front row is bigger than that in the back row. Maybe I’m used to sitting in the front row. I sit on it at 1.75 meters, and there is about 2.3 fists above my head.

Personally, I think the space in the front row is bigger than that in the back row. Maybe I’m used to sitting in the front row. I sit on it at 1.75 meters, and there is about 2.3 fists above my head.

The front seats will have a preface English logo, and the co-pilot will have an electric seat.

The front seats will have a preface English logo, and the co-pilot will have an electric seat.

When I first chose a car, I always looked at cars with skylights. I always felt that it was more convenient and the air would circulate a lot.

When I first chose a car, I always looked at cars with skylights. I always felt that it was more convenient and the air would circulate a lot.

Bose sound system with ten speakers,

Bose sound system with ten speakers,

The button to open the trunk is in front of the main driver. If you press it for a long time, it will automatically rise, but it will not automatically close. You should close the door by hand.

The button to open the trunk is in front of the main driver. If you press it for a long time, it will automatically rise, but it will not automatically close. You should close the door by hand.

High-tech, burning my childhood.

"Clairvoyance" helps to tear off "psoriasis"

During the Spring Festival this year, I showed my "unmanned aerial vehicle system operator certificate" in front of my family last year, which reminded me of the first time I used drones to collect evidence.

In Shangxi Town, Yiwu City, there is a medium-sized water conservancy project-Yankou Reservoir, which is mainly used for irrigation and combined with comprehensive utilization of flood control and power generation. It is also a first-class drinking water source protection area in Yiwu City, where water resources are scarce. In 1996, a company in Yiwu was allowed to develop and operate a holiday resort in Yankou Reservoir. In 1999, on the basis of legally approved land use, the company occupied more than 13,000 square meters of land in the secondary protection zone along the lake, built ballroom, restaurant and other facilities, occupied forest land and agricultural land to build cabins, illegally occupied more than 950 square meters in the basic farmland protection zone and forest land to build multi-storey buildings and other facilities, and rented the land within the reservoir protection zone that it had no right to use to others for building villas along the lake in the form of long-term lease and illegal profit. These illegal buildings have become "psoriasis" that has been firmly stuck in Yiwu’s precious water conservation zone for 17 years.

In October 2017, our hospital received a report from the masses, and immediately formed a working group in the people’s bank of China to investigate. After full intervention, special investigation and on-the-spot investigation, we basically found out the fact that the company illegally occupied land, and then started the pre-litigation procedure of public interest litigation.

In order to further consolidate the evidence and fully understand the comprehensive three-dimensional situation of the occupation of Yankou Reservoir, our hospital decided to use drones for investigation and evidence collection. On the morning of December 11, 2017, two drones officially started their "first show". I am in charge of operating one of them. Although I have been trained before, I still feel a little uneasy because I am flying on the lake, for fear that I will make a mistake in operation and lead to "explosion". Install, start and operate the rocker, the wing rotates at high speed, and the drone takes off quickly. I first let the drone climb to a suitable height, and then let it fly slowly over the reservoir. Through the high-definition camera equipped on the drone, the evidence of illegal buildings built along the reservoir was locked by aerial high-definition aerial photography, and the images were transmitted to the remote command center of our hospital in real time through the 4G transmission system. The remote command center conducted real-time command and monitoring through the equipped individual law enforcement instrument. After two battery replacement flights, the drone took nearly 100 high-definition photos and 7 high-definition videos, further fixing the illegal facts of the company, and the "first show" was a complete success. Promoted by the pre-litigation procuratorial suggestions of our hospital, and attached great importance to by the Party committee and government, in late December, tens of thousands of square meters of illegal buildings were forcefully demolished.

Now, the UAV has become the "clairvoyance" of our hospital, and it has played a great role in handling public interest litigation cases. Since late December 2017, two drones have taken off 24 times, and conducted aerial surveys on illegal buildings, water resources and environment, and forest mines through remote command aerial photography. 350 aerial forensics photos have been taken and 56 high-definition videos have been taken. It also helped to successfully file 6 public interest litigation cases in the first week after the opening of 2018. And I, while feeling the joy of operating the drone, look forward to the wonderful and continuous climax of "prosecution+high technology".

(Oral: Yiwu People’s Procuratorate Zhang Dailei)

Small software computing big data

As usual, I turned on the computer as soon as I got to work. Looking at the three softwares "Access", "Excel" and "Unified Business Application System" lined up in sequence on the computer desktop, I couldn’t help feeling a little smug. I didn’t expect that I, who was born in liberal arts or an insulator of science and technology, actually mastered the latest new technology-big data analysis.

Two years ago, after eight years of public prosecution, I was entrusted by the leaders of the hospital as the director of the newly established case management office. At that time, the newly born function of case management was more "logistics service", which covered many functions such as case receiving and dispatching, inquiry and reception, but it was the case quality supervision function that allowed me to leave the public prosecution seat willingly, which covered my legal belief from the original single case to the whole hospital.

Full of ambition, I excitedly opened the "unified business application system". After some wits and n calls for help, I was completely dumbfounded. This software is the most important process monitoring means for case quality supervision, and only sets the early warning of overdue deadline for handling cases, and other problems can only be queried layer by layer by opening the case-by-case card.

What should I do? As a grass-roots hospital with an average annual case volume of more than 4,500 cases, it is tantamount to finding a needle in a haystack by opening cases one by one and finding irregularities in handling cases! More urgently, at that time, the disclosure of legal documents was not up to standard, and it was urgent for the case management department to find undisclosed documents and urge the undertaker to disclose them in time. This requires us to find out the cases of undisclosed documents from the 3200 cases that have been prosecuted.

The post-90 s young man in the department rolled up his sleeves and said to me, "Director, it’s just 3,200 cases. We have many people in charge of the case, and each person can compare 400 cases one by one, and it can be done in less than three days." The young man’s drive is worthy of recognition, but now it’s the 21st century, how can he still rely on crowd tactics?

When I was about to make a decision to work overtime for all employees, I learned that the Access software under the Office has the function of data comparison, that is, the same content in two excel tables is compared through the function of "finding mismatches" to filter out inconsistent content. Under the guidance of a large number of tutorials and videos, after several days’ efforts, we finally worked out the list of cases with effective judgment and the list of cases that have been made public by using the unified business application system, and imported it into Access software for comparison, so as to screen out the list of cases with effective judgment but without public legal documents with one click. It’s amazing! It takes only ten minutes before and after to complete the work of the whole department for several days.

With the deepening of the reform of judicial responsibility system, the effective supervision and judicial standardization of post-based prosecutors have become the main battlefield of big data analysis in the new era. We have included the protection of litigation rights, compulsory measures, property involved, judgment review, case card filling and other contents into the data comparison and analysis, which has expanded the breadth and accuracy of process monitoring. At the same time, the irregular problems found in monitoring are reported regularly every month, so that the business department can continuously improve the standardization level of handling cases. For example, the irregular problems in the second quarter of 2017 decreased from 925 in the previous quarter to 215. Unexpectedly, a small piece of software has such a great role.

With the full application of big data analysis technology, the case management department of our hospital has not only realized the full-process, real-time and dynamic monitoring and early warning of key nodes of more than 4,500 cases every year, but also established a system of "daily patrol, weekly visit and monthly report" to urge and rectify, carried out special inspections on irregular behaviors, promoted the transformation and upgrading of case management from "logistics service" to "business management", and effectively improved the quality and efficiency of case handling.

(Oral: Huang Liangyu, Yueqing Municipal People’s Procuratorate)

Black technology in the laboratory

"Is there any result in the comparison of portrait identity in my case?"

"This is the technical report, please have a look."

"Really useful! Ok, you can arrest! "

I was relieved to see the undertaker walk out of the laboratory with the report. It was already 8: 00 pm. This is the third case of image processing technical assistance this month. Now, once prosecutors in our hospital encounter more difficult and complicated cases, they often think of going to the electronic data laboratory.

Dating back to 2014, with the exposure of CCTV’s March 15th party, the case of Hangzhou Guangqi Trading Co., Ltd. selling expired food surfaced. However, the handling of the case is not smooth. Due to the changes in the confessions of several suspects, this case, which is widely concerned by media public opinion, faces the risk of insufficient evidence. At the critical moment, the undertaker came to our laboratory for help. The case was highly concerned by the society and it was also a food safety issue. We didn’t dare to slack off for a moment, and quickly recovered and extracted the objective evidence such as chat records and counterfeit quality inspection documents used to communicate with the suspect’s computer through technical means. Finally, the case was successfully prosecuted. Since then, we have restored the P2P platform involved in the case through investigation experiments, established the structure and organization of criminal gangs through data collision, searched for clues of pursuit and prosecution through analysis and search, and took the lead in carrying out image processing technical assistance such as fuzzy image clarification and portrait identity comparison in the province. Since 2015, the laboratory has provided technical assistance to various business departments for 437 times, and the acceptance rate of electronic evidence issued by us and submitted to the court is as high as 100%.

In recent years, the average number of cases handled by the criminal prosecution department in our hospital has reached more than 200, and the laboratory has become more and more busy. Faced with the prominent contradiction of too many people and too few cases, I often fall into meditation. How can procuratorial technology provide better technical support for the case-handling department?

In 2016, our hospital became a pilot hospital of intelligent speech recognition system, which changed the traditional mode of manual input while interrogating. Also in that year, during a training course for the technical section chief of the whole province, I came across the prototype of the intelligent case-handling system of a company in Beijing, and suddenly realized that this was the best combination of big data, artificial intelligence and procuratorial case handling. The vitality of technology is based on business. Only when technology and business are deeply integrated can the effect of 1+1>2 be collided. Back at work, we started to implement this idea non-stop, and set up a five-person R&D team of "technology plus public prosecution". After numerous red-faced "quarrels" and in-depth research and discussion, the intelligent public prosecution auxiliary system was finally successfully launched.

At present, the intelligent public prosecution assistant system plays an important role in handling simple cases such as dangerous driving and theft, and all documents can be generated with one click, including the conclusion report. Without a large number of simple cases, prosecutors can focus more on the handling of difficult and complicated cases. After the system was popularized in the whole province, it has assisted in handling 2607 cases in just four months.

Of course, this is only a small first step. Inspired by Alpha Dog, we are exploring the algorithm of using artificial intelligence to predict the occurrence probability and growth trend of similar cases. I believe that in the near future, there will be more "black technology" in the laboratory.

(Oral: Xu Yan, People’s Procuratorate of Jianggan District, Hangzhou)

Thanks to high technology

"Broiler"? It is not a fat chicken waiting to be fed in a henhouse, but an image statement in the Internet field, also known as a puppet machine, which is usually used by hackers as a machine for DDOS attacks. Not long ago, I came across such a "broiler" case that gave me a headache. Fortunately, with the help of high technology, I solved this complicated case in five days.

That day was Friday, and a case came early in the morning. There were several thick files, the cover of which was written with the charge of "providing intrusion and illegal control of computer information system programs and tools". The report on arrest wrote: "The criminal suspect Liu rented overseas cloud servers, attack traffic and front-end site source programs and database templates, and deployed them on overseas cloud servers after modification, set up front-end sites for DDOS attacks, and made mobile phone applications … A string of question marks popped up in my mind.

After receiving the case on Friday, there are only five working days left after a weekend, and the arraignment is the first "obstacle". Time is tight, tasks are heavy, and there are still many things to know. So, I thought of the remote video message system opened in our hospital. On Monday morning, after mastering the case file, my colleagues and I started arraignment. One end was set up in the remote arraignment room in the hospital and the other end was set up in the detention center. I sat in the remote arraignment room without leaving home and completed the interrogation of the suspect. It turned out that the criminal suspect took advantage of the loopholes in the computer information system, pretending to be the attacked object and sending requests to many computers, so that a large amount of information was fed back to the attacked object, which led to the paralysis of the attacked object, which was an upgraded version of DDOS attack.

In order to enhance perceptual knowledge, I came to the electronic data laboratory of our hospital again. According to the case, my colleagues in the technical department simulated the whole process of DDOS attack for us, which made me have a clearer perception of the criminal suspect’s modus operandi. In handling the case, I found that the list of attack services purchased from criminal suspects and the attack records had not yet been obtained. After communicating with the public security organs and using remote electronic evidence exploration, the investigators joined forces to investigate and arrest, and the required evidence was delivered to me the next day.

But another "roadblock" has appeared. How to define it? The criminal suspect adopts NTP reflex amplification attack mode, which is different from the traditional attack mode of controlling puppet machine in the past. It seems inappropriate for the public security organ to report the crime of arrest. But what should be charged? When I was at my wit’s end, it suddenly occurred to me that there was an "expert database" in the "intelligent investigation and supervision auxiliary case handling system", and there were experts from all walks of life, including Alibaba security department executives, who signed contracts with our hospital and could answer questions for us. I contacted one of the technical experts, and he patiently introduced me to the development history and attack methods of cyber attacks, which opened my mind: the NTP reflection amplification attack method in this case is more appropriate to be characterized as "the crime of destroying computer information systems".

Next, I entered the intelligent investigation and supervision auxiliary case-handling system in the hospital. Through the connection with the platform of "integration of politics and law", the electronic files such as transcripts made by public security organs have been shared here, and I only need to copy and paste to complete the production of marking transcripts. For some handwritten transcripts that don’t have an electronic version, I use iFLYTEK voice input system. Just read the transcripts into the microphone and the text content will pop up on the screen.

Thanks to high technology, within five working days, our hospital made a decision to approve the arrest of the suspect in this case according to law.

(Oral: Chen Ping, People’s Procuratorate of Yuhang District, Hangzhou)

"wisdom+supervision"

On February 25th this year, I opened a judicial APP software developed by the judicial administrative organ, which is mainly used for all-weather supervision of community corrections personnel, logged in with the procuratorial port, and conducted an online inspection of the corrections of community corrections personnel within my jurisdiction. It was found that there were "abnormal situations" in all two prisoners in Lingzhi Town, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City. One of the community prisoners was suspicious. Although he had a leave record, the location record appeared in a village in Zhuji City many times from February 22 to 25. From the location and time of location, it didn’t look like seeing a doctor. The other is that in a month-long period, there were more than 1,500 phone shutdown records.

How can you go to such a remote place to see a doctor instead of going to several local big hospitals in Shaoxing? Why are there so many shutdown records? Is there something hidden behind them? With these questions, I immediately reported to the director of the department. After analysis, we believe that this situation is very important, and it is necessary to carefully verify the specific conditions of these two prisoners.

"Hello, this is the criminal execution and prosecution department of Yuecheng District Procuratorate. According to the positioning records of the platform, we found that a correctional officer supervised by you has been in a village in Zhuji in recent days, which may be different from the reason why he asked for leave to see a doctor before …" I immediately called the judicial staff of Lingzhi Town to ask the other party to verify the specific situation.

At the same time, the director of the Department suggested that the A-PDA criminal execution procuratorial platform designed by Shaoxing Procuratorate, namely link weight analysis (a), task intelligence generation (p), on-site mobile phone inspection (d) and intelligent feedback of results (a), be used to conduct a comprehensive screening of the supervision of community corrections personnel in the judicial office of Lingzhi Town to see if there is any "crossing the border" situation of fabricating false reasons.

I immediately took the A-PDA mobile phone task of the criminal execution and prosecution platform, and went to the Lingzhi Town Judicial Office for inspection and verification with my colleagues. The staff of the judicial office immediately contacted the two prisoners. After investigation, it was found that one of them thought that his illness had gone to several big hospitals in Shanghai and Hangzhou, and it was not effective. On the advice of relatives, he went to an old Chinese medicine clinic in Zhuji countryside for treatment. The other person was unable to turn on the phone because the phone fell into the water some time ago, and did not replace the new phone in time. After understanding the situation, we urged the judicial office to educate the two prisoners and asked them to report their activities in time.

At the scene, my colleagues and I uploaded the examination results of these prisoners to the A-PDA mobile phone in the form of photos and words, and evaluated the inspection link as qualified and good. A-PDA criminal execution procuratorial system will analyze the results of each inspection link, and the unqualified link will be the focus of the next task inspection. At the same time, after each inspection, the system will make objective inspection results according to the weight of each inspection link, and compare it with other judicial offices to form a columnar table, which is very intuitive and effective.

Since the end of December last year, we have checked the community corrections of 311 community prisoners by using the A-PDA criminal execution prosecution system and the Judicial Access APP, and completed 420 community corrections inspection tasks. In view of the problems found, more than 10 oral correction opinions were put forward, and 1 procuratorial suggestion was issued. A-PDA criminal execution procuratorial system and judicial communication APP have become "two sharp tools" for our criminal execution procuratorial department to handle cases efficiently. This "wisdom+supervision" model provides us with strong information technology support to actively play the legal supervision function of procuratorial organs and improve the intelligence and specialization level of social governance.

(Oral: Zhang Haixia, People’s Procuratorate of Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City)

(The same topic Zhejiang pian　Finishing/reporter Fan Yuehong correspondent Jiang Jian Yu Jian Hu Pengcheng Yue Sixuan)

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Range Rover Sport Edition is a luxury SUV with a body size of 4946*2047*1820mm and a wheelbase of 2997mm, providing spacious interior space and excellent off-road performance. The car’s side lines are smooth, and with the design of front and rear tires and rims of 255/60 R20, it shows its domineering appearance. The front tread is 1702mm and the rear tread is 1704mm, which provides stable driving performance for the vehicle. In addition, the Range Rover Sport Edition also uses an all-aluminum body, which not only reduces the weight of the vehicle, but also improves the strength and durability of the vehicle. In a word, Range Rover Sport Edition is an excellent SUV with luxury, performance and off-road capability.

The interior design of Range Rover Sport Edition is unique, with luxurious leather and imitation leather materials, creating a noble and comfortable driving atmosphere. The car is equipped with a 13.1-inch large central control screen, which supports multimedia, navigation, telephone and air-conditioning voice recognition control systems, which is convenient for drivers to operate. The steering wheel is made of leather, and it supports electric up-and-down and forward-and-backward adjustment, providing drivers with a more comfortable driving experience. The front and rear rows are equipped with USB, HDMI and Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for connecting multimedia devices for charging and playing. The front seats also have heating and ventilation functions, as well as electric seat memory function, which is convenient for the driver and co-driver to make personalized adjustments. The rear seats can be tilted in proportion, which increases the practicability of the vehicle.

The Range Rover Sport Edition is equipped with a 3.0T 360 HP L6 engine with a maximum power of 265kW and a maximum torque of 500 N m.. This engine uses an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, which can provide a smooth shifting experience. At the same time, it also has excellent acceleration performance and power output, which makes drivers feel powerful power and passion while driving. In addition, the engine also has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving, providing users with a more economical and practical driving experience. In a word, the engine of Range Rover Sport Edition performs very well, and it is a car power system worth looking forward to.

In the word-of-mouth evaluation of car home car owners, he mentioned that the waistline design of Range Rover Sport Edition is excellent and the lines are smooth, but he hoped that there would be more choices in appearance colors. We fully understand the needs of car owners. After all, everyone has different preferences for colors. However, the design of Range Rover Sport Edition is attractive enough, especially its unique waistline, which makes people can’t help but look at it more. In addition to the appearance, the performance of Range Rover Sport Edition is impeccable. It is equipped with a 3.0-liter V6 engine with a maximum power of 340 HP and a maximum torque of 450 Nm, and its power performance is excellent. In addition, the car is equipped with a variety of driving modes, which can be adjusted according to driving needs to make the driving experience more comfortable and personalized. Generally speaking, Range Rover Sport Edition is an SUV with luxury, performance and comfort, and it is an unmissable choice.

Our reporter Dong Chang

Isn’t it incredible that gutter oil can not only be refined into biodiesel, but also become aviation kerosene to "fly" to the sky?

On September 18th, in Shenze Economic Development Zone, Hebei Province, the reporter walked into the product testing room of Hebei Huide Renewable Resources Co., Ltd., and Wang Meng, the technical director of the company, was sampling new products in front of the chlorine meter. Looking at the clear and translucent liquid in the glass dish, Wang Meng told the reporter, "This is the bio-aviation kerosene extracted from waste oil, which is colorless and tasteless."

This enterprise is well-known in the field of bioenergy. "We are the largest biodiesel producer in the province. Biodiesel is all refined from waste oil, with an annual output of 120,000 tons, and all products are exported to EU countries." Guo Jihui, the chairman of the company, said that at present, their production process of refining bio-aviation kerosene has completed the pilot test and has the conditions for large-scale production.

As early as the beginning of the factory in 2012, Huide Company aimed at the systematic research and technology development of waste oil resource utilization.

Shenze oil industry came into being with the development of daily chemical industry. As one of Hebei waste oil distribution centers, Shenze can collect more than 1 million tons of raw materials such as waste cooking oil and kitchen waste oil all over the country every year.

Relying on the foundation of local oil industry, Huide Company started with the extraction of epoxy fatty acid methyl ester from waste oil, and went through the process of technological innovation and equipment renewal, from providing bioplasticizers for manufacturers of disposable nontoxic PVC gloves and children’s toys to developing and producing bio-energy products such as biodiesel.

This is a green transformation. Along the way, Guo Jihui was deeply touched by the hardships of breaking through. "Every update link is like breaking through the customs, and every customs is a narrow escape."

"For the production of biodiesel, the waste oil should be heated to the evaporation point first, then condensed and recycled, and then the different components in the oil can be separated." Guo Jihui introduced that at the beginning, they invested more than 4 million yuan to build a new traditional tower distillation production line. After half a year of trial production, it was found that the separation efficiency was poor and the purity of refined fatty acid methyl ester could not meet the requirements.

In Guo Jihui’s view, the production of good products depends on innovation, and innovation cannot be afraid of investment. So, they scraped together nearly 6 million yuan, reluctantly dismantled the tower distillation production line and bought short-range molecular distillation equipment specially used for separation and purification of high-boiling mixtures. By updating the equipment, improving the process, and after repeated tests, Huide’s biodiesel production line finally reached its production capacity successfully.

The breakthrough from "0" to "1" is only the first step for this enterprise to rush to a new track.

Follow Wang Meng into the production workshop and see that the newly collected waste oil is being injected into a large tank, which is about to be pre-treated.

"In the pretreatment stage, we adopted a self-developed enzymatic process. The waste oil can be purified by biological enzyme catalysis, and high-purity fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol can be separated." Wang Meng introduced that with this process, the yield of biodiesel and glycerol can reach 90%, and energy consumption can be reduced by more than 3%.

With the breakthrough of key core technologies, Huide Company has successfully developed a new track for bioenergy industry. In 2022, the company’s annual biodiesel production capacity exceeded 120,000 tons, with an annual output value of 970 million yuan. "At present, the project with an annual output of 400,000 tons of bio-aviation kerosene is about to start construction." Guo jihui introduced.

What makes them even more happy is that the bioenergy industry chain here is accelerating.

In the past two years, Shenze County has seized the opportunity to build a strong new energy province, vigorously cultivated the development of bioenergy industry by gathering high-tech enterprises, improving infrastructure and expanding application scenarios, and has initially formed a whole industrial chain covering the collection and storage of waste oils and fats and the production of industrial-grade mixed oil, biodiesel, bio-aviation kerosene and other products. Up to now, there are 17 bioenergy enterprises in the county, and seven bioenergy projects with a total investment of 3 billion yuan are being accelerated. In the future, the annual production capacity of biodiesel and bio-aviation kerosene in the county will reach 400,000 tons and 700,000 tons respectively.

"Not long ago, Shijiazhuang was selected as a national pilot for the promotion and application of biodiesel, and the application scenarios became more and more abundant. Many foreign companies have come to us to discuss business." Guo Jihui is full of expectations for the future. "With the accelerated gathering of bioenergy enterprises, the industrial chain, supply chain and upstream and downstream regional cooperation in innovation chain will become closer and closer, and the competitive advantage of our products will become more obvious."

According to official website, the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for the national college entrance examination in 2023 was 12.91 million, an increase of 980,000 over last year and a record high. At 9: 00 on June 7, the students stepped into the examination room and officially started the college entrance examination journey. This exam is very important for candidates, and it has attracted the attention of every family and all walks of life, and all walks of life have tried their best to provide better service guarantee for candidates.

Today, the one-to-one express delivery platform of the instant delivery industry announced that the love test-taking activity was officially launched in 2023, which is also the sixth year of the love test-taking activity.June 7thtill/extremelysixmoon10sunDuring the college entrance examination, all orders related to the college entrance examination are allFree delivery, covering 2% of the flash service.60A city. Flash generalas alwaysInvest all the strength of the courier to help the candidates take the exam smoothly..

Flash means that during the college entrance examination, if candidates forget to bring admission tickets, ID cards and other reference documents, stationery, etc., they can place orders through flash apps, flash applets and other channels to enjoy the benefits of flash love test-taking activities. After completing the service by flash, the user will reply "Free of College Entrance Examination" in the background of "Flash" and "Call a Flash" WeChat WeChat official account with the photos of candidates’ admission tickets and screenshots of orders, and can enjoy the discount of free of charge according to the prompts. The flash fee will be returned to the original account within 3-5 working days. During the national college entrance examination from June 7 to June 10, each admission ticket can enjoy the right of two free tickets per day.

In order to help candidates take the exam to the greatest extent, the transportation support department will give priority to ensuring the order service related to the college entrance examination and strive to respond to the candidates’ urgent delivery needs at the first time. The customer service department will also be on standby 24 hours a day, promising to give priority to the orders related to the college entrance examination.

Flash delivery, as a pioneer in the one-to-one express delivery industry, defines the service standard and service limitation of one-to-one express delivery. One-to-one service mode makes it clear that the flasher only serves one customer at a time from pickup to delivery, so the service is faster, more certain and safer, and can also provide various exclusive services for the majority of candidates.

In the face of unexpected situations such as traffic jams during the college entrance examination, flashers can avoid the impact of traffic jams to the greatest extent through flexible delivery tools such as electric cars and motorcycles, and deliver the items needed by candidates with the fastest speed.

Liu Xuezhu, the person in charge of foreign affairs of Flash, said: "Flash actively practices corporate social responsibility, and feeds back the society through multi-dimensional public welfare actions such as setting up volunteer service teams, caring for exams, and college entrance examination programs. The love test-assisting activity is a small charity action project that was launched in 2018. It aims to call on all the flashers to practice the concept of’ delivering with kindness’ and help the college entrance examination candidates to successfully take the test. "

　　

　　On May 20th, in Jakarta, Indonesia, a woman put cooking oil on a car.

　　Palm oil is the most common edible oil in Indonesia. Indonesian officials said on the 20th that after Indonesia’s palm oil exports resume next week, the government will take new measures to ensure that there are 10 million tons of edible oil in the country. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, accounting for 60% of the world’s output, of which one third is for domestic consumption. Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, there are high palm oil prices and shortage of supply in Indonesia. The government decided to suspend the export of palm oil products from April 28.

　　Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zukanan)

　　

　　On May 20th, a man walked with cooking oil in his hand in Jakarta, Indonesia.

　　Palm oil is the most common edible oil in Indonesia. Indonesian officials said on the 20th that after Indonesia’s palm oil exports resume next week, the government will take new measures to ensure that there are 10 million tons of edible oil in the country. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, accounting for 60% of the world’s output, of which one third is for domestic consumption. Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, there are high palm oil prices and shortage of supply in Indonesia. The government decided to suspend the export of palm oil products from April 28.

　　Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zukanan)

　　

　　On May 20th, in Jakarta, Indonesia, workers filled cooking oil.

　　Palm oil is the most common edible oil in Indonesia. Indonesian officials said on the 20th that after Indonesia’s palm oil exports resume next week, the government will take new measures to ensure that there are 10 million tons of edible oil in the country. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, accounting for 60% of the world’s output, of which one third is for domestic consumption. Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, there are high palm oil prices and shortage of supply in Indonesia. The government decided to suspend the export of palm oil products from April 28.

　　Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zukanan)

　　

　　On May 20th, in Jakarta, Indonesia, workers filled cooking oil.

　　Palm oil is the most common edible oil in Indonesia. Indonesian officials said on the 20th that after Indonesia’s palm oil exports resume next week, the government will take new measures to ensure that there are 10 million tons of edible oil in the country. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, accounting for 60% of the world’s output, of which one third is for domestic consumption. Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, there are high palm oil prices and shortage of supply in Indonesia. The government decided to suspend the export of palm oil products from April 28.

　　Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zukanan)

　　[car home Engine Technology] Under the tide of turbine direct injection, various car companies have come up with their "good tricks" to deal with this trend. So under this tide, which displacement has become a treasure for major car companies to seize? Non-2.0T group. In order to make the engine have a lower displacement, at the same time, it can have the same power as a six-cylinder engine, and it also has a better performance in economy. The 2.0T four-cylinder supercharged engine can be said to have the advantage.

　　Since it is a battleground for military strategists, there must be a variety of engine products for our consumers to choose from in this displacement group, and you must have seen them dazzling. By the end of the year, let’s take stock of those mainstream 2.0T supercharged engines together, so that you can have a clear understanding and comparison of them.

　　Note: This year-end inventory, please see the officials don’t cause bad influence in the comment area, each engine has its own advantages and disadvantages, please look at it rationally, thank you for your understanding.

● Why do major manufacturers choose the displacement of 2.0T?

　　To understand this kind of engine, we must first know why many manufacturers love 2.0T: on the one hand, its displacement is not too small, the cylinder diameter and stroke of each cylinder are relatively balanced, and the ride comfort performance is acceptable; On the other hand, after the 2.0L engine is equipped with a supercharger, its power is comparable to that of some six-cylinder engines with larger displacement, and even many manufacturers regard the 2.0T four-cylinder supercharged engine as a "substitute product" of their old six-cylinder naturally aspirated engine. Most importantly, under the condition of ensuring sufficient power, generally speaking, a 2.0T four-cylinder engine is more economical and fuel-efficient than a V6 engine with larger displacement, and it also has some advantages in displacement tax.

　　Among the 2.0T engines, in order to differentiate their power output levels, many brands have matched 2.0T engines with roughly the same structure but different adjustments on different models. On the one hand, it can be seen that the 2.0T engine benefits from the advantage of moderate displacement, which has the characteristics of wide power coverage and adaptability to many models. So how do these different versions of 2.0T do it?

　　Some engines can be realized simply by ECU, but most engines have different degrees of enhanced design for many engine components except the multi-power version of ECU. So why do you say this here? Friends who brush ECU, you must think carefully, and if you can, you’d better do some engine strengthening work (don’t ask me how I know! Who is young and has never made a mistake! ）。

　　Below, according to different brands, we will divide them into two groups of 2.0T products for spicy evaluation. There will be a certain degree of spit in front of high energy, so don’t be too serious.

● Overseas brand group: the technology is basically formed and the power coverage is wide.

1. The controversial pioneer: Volkswagen EA888 2.0T

　　Old friend EA888 must be familiar to everyone. I remember that around 2006, the first batch of fifth-generation GTI imported into China adopted the combination of 2.0TSI+6-speed DSG, which was the first time I came into contact with Volkswagen’s "legendary powertrain" in China. As for how magical this thing was at that time, a set of data is enough to explain everything: the power is 100Ps, and the acceleration of 100 kilometers can reach 6.9s with the dual-clutch gearbox. The appearance price of "hatchback sagitar" is about 400,000. Ten years ago, it was absolutely "no friends" to sell it to China at this level.

　　I don’t know if the data is amazing to other manufacturers. After the increase of direct injection from Volkswagen EA113, many manufacturers gradually began to compete to develop direct injection supercharged engines. On the other hand, now, direct injection supercharged engines are popular, stealing the limelight of many self-priming engines, coupled with increasingly severe emission regulations and tax policies, and now cars are embarrassed to say hello to others without supercharging.

　　Indeed, people are afraid that famous pigs are afraid of being fat. While EA888 attracts people’s attention, the problem of burning engine oil also gives many car owners a headache. The specific reason can be seen in the EA888 disassembly article we wrote before: EA888 disassembly. This engine is not hacked here. As far as things are concerned, the probability of burning engine oil is really high, but the third generation EA888 has made improvements on the oil pipeline and oil-gas separator, and the actual effect has indeed improved. Another problem is that this engine inherits the "grandfather-class" cylinder block of EA113 and adopts cast iron. Although it has certain advantages in strength, it is too old. The cylinder block sinks and radiates heat, and it is not a problem for the current cast aluminum alloy technology to achieve high strength.

2. Built an engine like a playmate: BMW B48 2.0T

　　Another engine that is now on fire should be the BMW B-series engine. Different from EA888 years’ production, BMW B-series engine is a "young man". This engine was born to gradually replace the N-series engine that has been manufactured for many years. If you know BMW, you should be very clear that the B-series and N-series engines are definitely completely redesigned.

　　Yes, unlike N-series engines, B-series engines adopt a modular design concept. No matter how many cylinders and displacement, the parts between engines are still very replaceable. This is because at the beginning of the design, engines with different displacements used single cylinder size data with uniform specifications (cylinder diameter: 82mm, stroke: 94.6mm, ideal displacement of single cylinder: 0.5L), and changing the displacement is nothing more than the process of cylinder increase and cylinder decrease (special case: B38A-12A engine), and in the process of engine development, many structures matched with engines with different displacements can achieve unified design. In this way, engines with different displacement cylinders are just like "Lego", which is much easier to realize in design.

　　This engine can be said to incorporate many popular advanced engine technologies: water-cooled intake, integrated exhaust of cylinder head, cylinder liner design, etc., and retain the direct injection technology, valve timing and lift adjustment. Although there is not much improvement in parameters compared with N20, the power output level covered by the original factory is still very wide due to the strengthened water cooling system. (Want to know more about B48? Poke the link: B48 engine analysis)

　　So this engine must be perfect? In fact, there is still room for improvement. For example, at present, an electronically controlled mechanical water pump is used, and in the future, an independent electronic water pump can be considered to replace it. In addition, due to its high degree of integrated design, this engine may not be as convenient as N20 for friends who want to modify it later.

3. Germany and Japan share: 2.0t Mercedes-Benz M274/M270 (called 274930/274A) 2.0T Nissan).

　　Volkswagen BMW has its own 2.0T, and German car pioneer Mercedes-Benz will definitely not fall behind. Under the tide of direct turbine injection, Mercedes-Benz also entered the 2.0T turbine era in 2011: two engines codenamed M274 (vertical) /M270 (horizontal) were put into production cars to replace the four-cylinder supercharged engine before Mercedes-Benz.

　　Like many brands, Mercedes-Benz, which has tasted the sweetness, even wants this engine to try to replace the original low-power six-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, but there is a problem here: Mercedes-Benz, as a luxury brand that Germans are proud of, will make people think that Mercedes-Benz "does not pursue texture" in the practice of "reducing cylinders". And the truth? While affirming the advantages of this engine in technical level and power output, the sound of this engine is really not very good.

　　In fact, this kind of "transnational cooperation" is not the first time. Nowadays, many brands have realized the exchange of needed goods, and the future trend must be to create a "global car" that the whole planet likes. If you experience many German and Japanese brand new cars yourself, you will find that the driving quality between them is very similar to that before, and the concept of "a certain car" will become more and more faded, so it is only good to share good things. Although this engine has not been produced for a long time, this M274/M270 is nearing replacement, and the new Mercedes-Benz four-cylinder turbine engine is being developed and tested. As for the new machine, we will wait and see. (Want to know more about M274/M270? Poke the link: M274 engine analysis)

4. Regain the four-cylinder water alignment: Porsche horizontally aligns 2.0T

　　Yes, there is one engine that has caused great controversy in the matter of "cylinder reduction", that is, Porsche horizontally opposed four-cylinder 2.0T turbocharged engine. "What? Porsche gave up the horizontally opposed six cylinders and switched to a four-cylinder turbine? What is the difference between that and Subaru? " Don’t rush to deny this engine, at least it’s not against tradition.

　　Since it does not violate tradition, what are the advantages of this engine? Please, this is a product of the new era. Porsche will not be stupid enough to give up a successful project before and invest in a failed project. Let’s start with the improvement brought by this engine: Compared with the Boxster/Cayman equipped with a 2.7L horizontally opposed six-cylinder engine, this 2.0T engine is faster in speed, more economical and fuel-efficient and lighter in weight. While retaining the proper handling of Porsche, it also makes this car "more people-friendly": the official quotation and the purchase tax of displacement tax are lower, which makes it easier for you to realize the dream of Porsche sports car (although I still can’t afford it).

　　In a sense, the replacement of this engine is successful, at least it can make more people feel the charm of Porsche sports cars with less money. Of course, in the end, we still have to vomit a little shortcoming of this seemingly perfect engine: the sound is not as rich and charming as before. I’m not alone, but many people think so. Like Mercedes-Benz 2.0T, it lacks a sense of sophistication.

5. Materialist: Toyota 8AR-FTS2.0t.

　　To say that the most famous brand in the world is Toyota. Practical, easy to open, worry-free and cheap is the reputation that Toyota has laid for many years. Lean production and practical design have carried out the whole Toyota brand, and of course, the same is true for engines. It is not only necessary to integrate the current advanced technology, but also reliable and durable, and it is also very cheap to maintain.

　　Mixed injection, Otto-Atkinson cycle switching, dual VVT and integrated exhaust hood, etc., all make it face a lot of 2.0T engines that claim to be technologically advanced. Indeed, if you have studied this engine carefully, you will find that this engine combines almost all the advanced gasoline engine technologies that are popular at present. From the aspects of fuel efficiency and emissions, this engine has good strength, and it seems that the image of "Toyota’s power is only enough" has been changed.

　　So why did Toyota go to so much trouble to make this 2.0T engine have so many engine technologies? In fact, it is not difficult to understand that Toyota has never rejected new technologies. On the contrary, it hopes that new technologies can make up for the inherent shortcomings of some turbine engines. It is the original intention of this engine to apply appropriate technologies under suitable engine conditions. In fact, Toyota has also done it. Of course, in theory, with so many technologies integrated, it is indeed difficult to ensure reliability. You know that Toyota is a brand famous for its reliability. What kind of results will this slightly radical approach bring? In addition, according to feedback from some Toyota 2.0T owners, this engine is burning engine oil (there are two examples around, but there are also some cases that may occur, so we are still paying attention and actively communicating with engineers). (To learn more about this engine, poke the link: Lexus 2.0T)

6. TYPE R’s Earth Dream: Honda Earth Dream K20C2.0t.

　　Speaking of Honda’s big moves in recent years, it belongs to the "EARTH DREAM" engine: the Honda Earth Dream series was born. Indeed, Honda, which has rarely had turbine engines, has finally made some changes: turbocharging and our technology are combined to create an "earth dream" and let new turbine engines spread to their global cars.

　　In fact, Honda is not without turbocharged technology. A few years ago, Honda tried to equip the previous generation Acura RDX with a turbocharged engine, and then there was no following. The return of turbocharging can be seen as Honda’s return to the test water turbocharging technology again through the turbine trend. And what is the result of this regression? Comparing the K20C3 of Crown Road with the 8AR-FTS 2.0T of Highlander, the output of this engine is very bright, and the actual output performance is equally good.

　　Indeed, Honda has produced a powerful engine this time, but if you carefully observe what I said, it is not difficult to find one point: only the exhaust end of the car has the valve lift adjustment function in VTEC. It must be a measure to ensure that the cylinder pressure is not too large and balance the cost. After all, the turbine and direct injection are blessed, and the cylinder pressure is different from before. (For more information about this engine, please poke the link: Honda 2.0T engine disassembly)

7. Variable compression ratio: British finidi VC-T 2.0T

　　After two days, Nissan seems to be unable to sit still and take out some high-tech 2.0T engines. Under the protection of Mercedes-Benz M274/M270 for several years, Nissan recently took out their "black technology": a 2.0T engine with variable compression ratio, and called it VC-T, and the first batch will be carried in the brand-new British and finidi QX50.

　　While retaining some popular technologies such as mixed injection and timing adjustment, how does this engine complete the compression ratio adjustment function? In fact, it’s not complicated. Since we dare not change the connecting rod structure of the crankshaft easily, we should find ways to make the crankshaft realize plane displacement and ensure that the piston moves at the same time.

　　To tell the truth, this move is quite crazy. After the in-cylinder explosion does work, the piston directly transmits the converted kinetic energy to the piston connecting rod, and the connecting rod is directly connected with the crankshaft. To put it bluntly, the three parts are parts that bear great impulse and kinetic energy. Each individual part is generally cast, and even some engines have to go through a further forging process to ensure the strength of these three parts. The newly added eccentric wheel structure also has to bear considerable strength, and the strength of this mechanism will be the key to be considered in the future durability. (For more information about this engine, click the link: British finidi VC-T)

8. Americans feel good: Subaru FA20F is horizontally opposed to 2.0T

　　Speaking of Subaru’s 2.0T horizontally opposed engine, maybe you, like me, first think of the legendary engine installed in the old STi-EJ20 (want to see the contents of EJ series engines? Poke the link: EJ20 series of classic engines). It is true that in the process of "pinching" with the old EVO equipped with 4G63T, the EJ20 series of Subaru’s strongest horizontally opposed 2.0T engine contributed greatly, and it has a very impressive performance in terms of strength and power output. Today, however, instead of talking about classics, we will go to see a new era product of Subaru: FA20F engine.

　　This brand-new horizontally opposed four-cylinder turbocharged 2.0T engine can be said to be completely different from the previous EJ20: firstly, the cylinder stroke, the double 86mm design of FA20F, which can give consideration to power emission and economy, and balance the power output at middle and low speeds to a certain extent, which is quite different from the previous EJ20 with high speed orientation. In addition, the aluminum alloy cylinder head also makes it lose a lot of weight, and with the support of Toyota D-4S mixed injection technology, this engine shows a kind of simplicity.

　　As for the shortcomings, it may be the same eccentric wear problem as Porsche horizontally opposed engine. This is horizontally opposed engine’s congenital structural defect. The piston will be seriously worn on the lower part of the cylinder wall under the influence of gravity, which will lead to a series of problems such as burning engine oil, which can only be strengthened as far as possible and cannot be completely cured. However, these problems will take a long time to appear, and it is most important to eat, drink and be merry.

9, when old and strong: general Ecotec LDK 2.0T

　　GM LDK 2.0T engine can be regarded as one of GM’s counter-offensive horns against European 2.0T engines. Needless to say, in-cylinder direct injection combined with turbocharging technology, it is impossible for European 2.0T players to feel the pressure from the United States without some hard power.

　　The LDK 2.0T we are going to talk about today is actually the second generation product. GM’s measures to deal with the future are actually similar to those of other brands. The engine product series named Ecotec covers many displacements. In addition to the popular direct injection turbine technology, this LDK 2.0T engine also has a double scroll design and a double counter-rotating balance shaft, and low friction resistance optimization is adopted for some in-cylinder structures, so that it has a good balance performance in power performance and fuel consumption.

　　So the disadvantage of this engine may be that it is a little tired. When other people’s engines are constantly improving, this 2.0T engine doesn’t seem to have much optimization. Today’s car engines can give you a new gadget from time to time, and this LDK seems to have room for technical improvement compared with its competitors. But don’t forget, GM also has a 2.0T equipped on Cadillac. (To know about Cadillac 2.0T engine, poke the link: general LTG engine)

10. Challenging Volkswagen: Ford EcoBoost 2.0T

　　If EA888 is the beginning of the 2.0T war, then Ford’s EcoBoost is definitely a player determined to chop it down. Once launched, the high-power calibration added a lot of color to it (of course, there is a story here, which we will talk about later), and the sum of many technologies featured by EcoBoost really confirmed the strength of this engine.

　　Direct injection+turbine technology is inevitable, dual VVT timing adjustment and low inertia turbine are reasonable, and support lean combustion. Aluminum alloy cylinder head and balance shaft also add a lot of color to this engine. With dual clutch gearbox, this powertrain has a kind of Volkswagen "TSI+DSG" tonality. It seems that Ford is developing this set of things in a targeted way, and EcoBoost can also support hybrid power systems. Today, the latest EcoBoost 2.0T is actually the second generation product, which adds a double scroll design. For more advanced engine technology, they said that they will gradually try to apply it to the EcoBoost engine.

　　As for what kind of problems exist in this engine, it may be because Americans want to steal the limelight too much. The first generation of EcoBoost 2.0T engine has a virtual horsepower standard. Someone once pulled it to the power machine for testing. I wonder if it is the transmission efficiency. It is found that its actual output parameters are far from the calibration, which really makes many people disappointed. Of course, this is not to deny this engine. After loading, its actual dynamic performance has gained a lot of praise.

11. Squeeze to the limit: Volvo Turbo+Mechanical Supercharge 2.0T

　　If you want to find a mass-produced 2.0T engine with the most abnormal power output at present, Volvo must stand up and speak. In 2013, Volvo released its new DRIVE-E powertrain, among which a 2.0T turbo+supercharged engine attracted much attention. Up to now, in Volvo’s product line, this engine is definitely the master of the brand Hua Dan, and even a big guy like XC90 has entered the 2.0T era because of its birth.

　　A little different from many 2.0T engines, Volvo seems to want this engine to be squeezed to the limit. In addition to turbocharging and supercharge, the effect of this measure is bound to be beautiful: this engine can actually accelerate the 100 kilometers of XC90 with a self-weight of more than 2 tons to 7.26s! It seems that you don’t have to worry about the problem of small horse-drawn carts. Volvo has given a satisfactory answer.

　　As for whether there is anything unsatisfactory about this engine, according to some car owners around me, it may be because of excessive squeezing and high cylinder pressure, and this engine has the problem of burning oil. In addition, spit out Volvo’s engine product line. When is Lao Zhiliu going to use it to change it? (Want to know more about this engine? Poke the link: Volvo 2.0T)

12. No longer relying on others: Jaguar Land Rover Ingenium 2.0T

　　Since Land Rover evoque, Jaguar Land Rover has entered the 2.0T era. However, at the beginning, due to the influence of Ford technology, the 2.0T previously mounted on Jaguar Land Rover models used Ford’s first-generation EcoBoost 2.0T engine. Now that we have bid farewell to the Ford era, the second-generation EcoBoost 2.0T is no longer used by this "married prostitute", which gives Jaguar Land Rover the idea of developing a new series of engines-Ingenium series engines were born with the support of Tata in India.

　　The development focus of this engine is to ensure the power and reduce the energy loss as much as possible. In addition to the mainstream technologies mentioned many times before, the engine adopts the design of electronically controlled flow regulation in oil pump and water pump, and the newly designed balanced shaft ball bearing can also reduce energy consumption. The eccentric crankshaft is also designed to reduce energy consumption as much as possible and make the engine run smoothly and efficiently.

　　Having said so many advantages, we return to a serious topic: quality. I believe that many Jaguar Land Rover owners are worried about the quality control of this car. This new engine has brought a lot of advanced technologies, and the guarantee of reliability will face more severe challenges. So whether it can be done well depends on Jaguar Land Rover’s performance in the future. (Want to know about this engine? Poke the link: Jaguar Land Rover new engine)

13, unwilling to lag behind: Hyundai Theta II improved 2.0T

　　Having said so many 2.0T engines, what are Koreans doing? The general trend is that Koreans who are unwilling to lag behind will naturally develop their own 2.0T engines. Although it doesn’t have such a big limelight as the previous products, it seems that the 2.0T engine developed in modern times is also quite interesting.

　　Theta II improved 2.0T engine is an upgraded product, not a new development. It is based on part of the structural foundation of the old engine, by adding turbocharging and direct injection systems, and making some optimization and improvement designs. Don’t rush to deny this engine yet, because its technology also has some interesting points.

　　In a sense, this engine does have some bright spots, but it is undeniable that this is not a brand-new product. What is the potential of this evolved product to continue technological development in the future? It may all be the problems facing modern times at this stage. (Want to know about this engine? Poke the link: Hyundai 2.0T)

Editor’s summary:

　　Talking and laughing, we took stock of mainstream 2.0T engine products of many overseas brands. Although we may not talk deeply in many aspects, we can always see some trends: the future of 2.0T gold displacement direct injection supercharged engine is great, and various car companies are scrambling to add fresh technology to its 2.0T engine. What is the potential of 2.0T? Not only you and I want to know, but also car companies want to give it a try. In the next issue, we will take stock of some China-branded 2.0T engines. If you have any questions, please come to my editorial blog for further communication. (Text/Figure car home Shu Ning)

　　[car home Engine Technology] In the last issue, we talked about many mainstream overseas brands of 2.0T engines, but in the next issue, let’s stop worshipping foreign things and show you our own 2.0T engines. From my personal feelings alone, like everyone else, I hope that domestic engines can be equally divided with those "foreign powers" and even "abuse them to the north", but what is the truth? Come with me next.

Note: Again, this year-end inventory, please see the officials don’t cause bad influence in the comment area, each engine has its own advantages and disadvantages, please treat it rationally, thank you for your understanding.

● China Group: Some engines are not lost to imported products, and the prospects are bright.

1. Known as the best domestic 2.0T: SAIC 2.0T (Roewe RX5/ MG Ruiteng)

　　In 2014, the "Blue Core" engine series led by SAIC, with Pan Asia in charge of the main R&D and testing, and combined with some general engine technologies, will be gradually put into the brand models of SAIC. Among them, an engine code-named MGE 2.0T was assembled into the recently hot Roewe RX5 model and became the "core good friend" of this car.

　　Indeed, this engine series draws on some technical concepts of general Ecotec, but it is only at the conceptual level. It is completed by Chinese engineers from design and manufacture, technical realization to later development and debugging. That is to say, this 2.0T direct injection system, adjustable intake and exhaust timing, and integrated design of double scroll turbine and valve cover and camshaft cover are all designed and manufactured after considering the current technological level, engine durability and manufacturing cost. It is also known that this engine will be built in the future. Want to know more about this engine? Poke the link: analysis of SAIC 2.0T engine)

　　From a technical point of view, this engine can be regarded as a domestic benchmark, but compared with many overseas most advanced 2.0T engines, there is still room for upgrading in many details design and optimization. As for the fuel consumption, according to the feedback from the forum owners and our long-distance test vehicles, the fuel consumption of this engine (mainly referring to Roewe RX5 and MG Ruiteng) ranges from 10L to 14L, and the more reliable data is 12L, which can only be said that the performance is average, and the combustion efficiency can be optimized in the future. According to reliable sources, this engine will soon replace 4G63S4T used by Zotye and become the main 2.0T engine of some new models of Zotye in the future.

2. Slow and steady play: GAC 2.0T(GS8/GA8)

　　Although they are all "Southern School’s Concept of Building Cars" with relatively technical flow, GAC’s understanding of 2.0T is quite different from that of SAIC: at present, there is no gasoline direct injection system added to GAC’s 2.0T engine. GAC knows very well what they are doing: since I am not fully confident to do a good job in direct injection technology at this stage, I will do an EFI turbine engine in a down-to-earth manner, and optimize fuel consumption as much as possible, with durable leather and enough power.

　　For GAC, the significance of this engine is more to let people recognize the quality of this engine, which is simple enough to be used and repaired, and it is not blindly added in technology. In fact, this turbocharged engine code 4B20M1 2.0T used in Guangzhou Automobile GS8 is not the latest product. It has been assembled on the previous Guangzhou Automobile GA8 for some time and belongs to the second generation of 4B20 engine, which mainly optimizes the valve timing mechanism and engine durability.

　　From the measured results, it is shown that this engine also has a very mild feeling in terms of power output, and the power is sufficient. In addition, because the car model is too new, the actual comprehensive fuel consumption is hard to say for the time being. Finally, I have to spit out that a mature and stable engine, technical conservatism is a measure to ensure reliability, but at this stage it is too low, plus the iron cylinder block. I hope this "mature technology to ensure reliability" is not an excuse for this engine. I also hope that some new technologies popular at present can be put into mass production as soon as possible. After all, technology is improving and many advanced engine technologies are mature enough.

3. The confidence of the national generation: FAW 2.0T (Hongqi H7/ Pentium B90)

　　Speaking of FAW, some words always pop up in our minds from time to time: No.1 Automobile, the earliest automobile enterprise in China. It is true that as a pioneer of domestic cars, not only the motherland has high hopes, but also it carries the dream of making cars of more than one billion people in China. From this point of view, then FAW should set an example in terms of engine accomplishments. Although it is not as advanced as some brands of engines at this stage, this 2.0T engine has indeed achieved the exemplary role of pioneers.

　　Putting aside feelings and returning to the topic, what about this 2.0T engine of Hongqi? The official doesn’t seem to want to disclose too many details about this engine. As far as the information at hand at this stage is concerned, this engine, which was born a few years ago, has reached the level of GAC 2.0T and has been optimized in some details, which is commendable. Like GAC, as an early 2.0T engine product in China, this engine also adopts a relatively conservative technical strategy, which is EFI+iron cylinder block, with adjustable intake and exhaust timing and turbine support, and its power output is relatively soft, which is in line with its positioning on H7. (To learn more about this engine, click the link: Hongqi 2.0T engine)

　　Again, maturity doesn’t mean making excuses for not adding new technology. Cast iron cylinder+EFI is indeed Old Fashioned. Although the official has a prototype of the 2.0T engine blessed by direct injection technology, there is no accurate news about when it will be mass-produced. We should know that many brands of 2.0T engines have entered the second generation era, so it is really time to speed up the research and development of new technologies.

4. Saab technical support: BAIC 2.0T(BJ40/ Saab X65)

　　Speaking of BAIC’s 2.0T engine, there may be an expert friend who will talk about a question: Should BAIC have more than one 2.0T engine? In fact, regarding this conclusion, I also consulted many related engineers and insiders, and got a consensus that there is only one 2.0T engine from the perspective of BAIC brand.

　　Returning to the technology itself, this 2.0T engine (code B201R) used in many Beiqi models is not without a blueprint. If you know where the brand Sic Bo comes from, then you can boldly guess the source of this engine. Yes, a few years ago, Saab from northern Europe filed for bankruptcy protection, and BAIC invested in some technologies in Saab’s hands, including platforms and engines. Then the engine we are going to talk about today is not so much completely independent intellectual property rights as an optimized design based on Saab 2.0T engine. (If you want to know about the turbocharged engine of BAIC Saab technology, poke the old article link: BAIC turbine engine)

　　Since it is a good foundation, is this thing perfect? I don’t think so First of all, it is a big problem whether good things can be adjusted well without rich experience. Besides, this engine was absolutely second to none ten years ago, but now, who doesn’t have a turbocharged engine? Although BAIC has plans to add direct injection technology to it, at present, this engine seems to lack technical highlights except for the double-balanced shaft structure. On the other hand, GM has developed the Ecotec 2.0T engine with Saab technology, and BAIC has to make more efforts.

5. Get rid of Mitsubishi: Great Wall 2.0T(H6 Coupe/H7/H9)

　　Apart from Wuling Hongguang, which car dominates the famous autumn mountain, which other car can dominate in China and hang the same class? Perhaps the title reveals what I want to say. It is no accident that Haval H6 sells well. Even the success of Great Wall Motor is largely due to their "ability to make cars better". I will give you everything you want and I will give you what you expect. Of course, the price is still very cheap. Can it not sell well?

　　Like many car companies at that time, the early Great Wall Motor developed many products relying on Mitsubishi 4G63 engine. Today, Great Wall has its own R&D team, and this self-developed 2.0T engine (code-named GW4C20) has been assembled into many models. Of course, many people will have questions: Is this engine inextricably linked with 4G63? From the results of our existing data, there is no commonality between them (especially in terms of cylinder diameter, stroke and camshaft layout). Even from the perspective of research and development, this engine is much more advanced than 4G63, and even uses integrated design concept and double scroll turbine. (and understand the Great Wall direct injection engine? Poke the old article link: Great Wall Turbine Direct Injection Engine)

　　When it comes to the shortcomings of this engine, it must be that although it has reached the mainstream advanced level, there is still room for improvement in technology, such as how to better optimize combustion efficiency, and the engine technology is so advanced. When can the cast iron cylinder block that is not in line with the times be replaced? Have confidence in your own manufacturing process.

6. The heart of the fastest domestic car: BYD 2.0T (Tang/Song /S7)

　　To say BYD, this brand is definitely one of the China brands that have been pursuing advanced technology for a long time in China. Let’s not talk about the actual performance of the engine, at least we have the confidence to build an advanced domestic direct injection turbine engine, which deserves our praise.

　　Let’s start with our protagonist: the 2.0T direct injection engine code-named BYD487ZQA. This engine basically covers many mainstream engine technologies, such as variable timing adjustment of intake and exhaust, gasoline direct injection technology, single balance shaft and water-cooled turbocharging. It can still be seen that BYD’s level in engine can not be underestimated. The aluminum cylinder block also affirmed its own cylinder block manufacturing process from a certain angle, and BYD engineers said that they still have many directions to develop in the future to make this engine more advanced. (To know about this engine, poke the link: BYD 2.0T engine and wet dual clutch gearbox)

　　I am not a data party, so I don’t comment too much on parameters. So does this engine, which looks like many technologies, have its disadvantages? First of all, from the structural point of view, this engine seems to learn from the structures of Volkswagen EA888 and Volkswagen EA211, but there is still room for improvement in the matching and adjustment of the whole powertrain and gearbox. And from my personal experience, the working noise of the gasoline pump of this engine is indeed a little loud, and even the tonality of some diesel vehicles affects the texture. So is this slightly radical technical solution good or bad? If stability goes up, then advanced technology strategy is certainly a good thing.

7. Rising Star: Changan 2.0T(CS95)

　　Although in the current mass production products, Changan does not have a model equipped with a 2.0T engine, but just a few months later, changan CS95, which has undergone many design improvements, will be on the market, and this car will be equipped with a 2.0T engine of Changan Blue Core series. So what is the technical performance of this new engine?

　　Changan officially declared that this engine belongs to the product of 100% forward development, with good confidence, but we can’t draw a conclusion until we see the structure. In terms of technology, this engine has intake and exhaust timing adjustment, direct injection+turbine, all-aluminum cylinder block, integrated exhaust design, double balance shaft design and thermal management optimization system, and may also support mixed injection (EFI+direct injection) in the future, which seems to be advanced enough.

　　It looks beautiful, but what’s the problem? Still, as mentioned before, although it belongs to the domestic advanced level of 2.0T in terms of technology, I hope this is not the product of stacking technology. Adjustment has always been a shortcoming of many Chinese car companies. In addition, new technology means "new failure" in some aspects. How to make it run efficiently and stably and ensure the production process to meet the design and calibration requirements is a big problem that Changan will face in the future.

8. There are already optimized versions: JAC 2.0T (Ruifeng S5/M5).

　　Different from other brands’ aggressive promotion of their own 2.0T engines, Jianghuai seems to have been quietly equipping its Ruifeng S5 model with 2.0T engines (code-named HFC 4G3-1D), and has quietly optimized and adjusted it (code-named HFC 4G3-4D) and assembled it on MPV models like the new Ruifeng M5.

　　The original design intention of this engine is the same as that of some "conservatives". In order to reduce the cost of engine development and later maintenance, a conservative design and adjustment scheme was adopted. Except for variable timing adjustment of intake and exhaust and integrated design of exhaust manifold, other aspects showed a very common style. Jianghuai thinks that a 2.0T engine, instead of pursuing virtual high power output, should be down-to-earth and start with the most basic engine work-that is, how to make this engine run stably. (To know about this engine, poke the link: Jianghuai 2.0T engine)

　　In fact, these domestic brands with engine technology are nothing more than two ideas: either to be a mature and stable 2.0T engine with little technical content, or to be a 2.0T engine with advanced technology and high power output. Again, there are advantages and disadvantages between them. As for which is good or bad, it depends on your personal needs. Of course, from the perspective of technological progress, many such "conservative" 2.0T engines still need to work hard.

9. Baodao specialty: Dongfeng Yulong Nazhijie (excellent 6/ 7 MPV)

　　As an inseparable part of China, there is actually a 2.0T engine in Baodao Taiwan Province. Since Yulong Automobile and Dongfeng Motor jointly produced Nazhijie brand models, this seemingly special joint venture brand has spared no effort to provide us with their most advanced technology at present.

　　This 2.0T engine is equipped with Nazhijie ECO HYPER technology, that is, an electronic fuel-saving control system, which belongs to a collection of electronic controls and has the functions of starting and stopping the engine. Needless to say, the purpose is natural. In addition, this relatively new engine has finally been upgraded to variable timing adjustment of intake and exhaust, and the cast aluminum cylinder block is also used in the cylinder block material. The sincerity and technology are no less than many domestic 2.0T engines.

　　From these aspects alone, this engine seems not bad, but is it really that good? First of all, through feedback from some riders, we know that this engine is not very good in assembly reliability, and there are many minor faults. In addition, this engine is also conservative in parameter calibration, with a narrow torque output platform. In addition, it uses EFI instead of direct injection or mixed injection, so this engine seems to have many possibilities for improvement. Taiwan Province compatriots should also refuel.

10. China cousins who are not EVO: Southeast, Landwind, Zotye and Cheetah, etc. 2.0T

　　Yes, finally, we will talk about a semi-autonomous engine. Why do you say that? Because we are so familiar with this engine: our ancestors used the indestructible 4G63 and added a turbine. However, today’s protagonist is not the double overhead camshaft 4G63 used in the old EVO, but the Mitsubishi technology engine code-named 4G63S4T.

　　Don’t underestimate this engine. Although it is exhausted from a technical point of view, it does not affect its advantages of stable quality, simple and cheap maintenance, parts all over the country, repair with the deterioration, and reasonable power and fuel consumption. Even if I blow this engine dry, I won’t feel bad, because even if I buy a brand-new 4G63S4T, it is very cheap.

　　Then there is no need to say more about its shortcomings. There is almost no mainstream advanced engine technology. The single camshaft design seems to be the product of the last era, and the turbine lag is also serious. But again, who called it cheap and easy to repair? As a conservative power choice for many brands, it is still very suitable.

Editor’s summary:

　　After taking stock of overseas brands, we see that our own "China 2.0T" is also evolving step by step. Although for some brands, their engines still have some gaps with international standards, it is undeniable that the 2.0T era in China is coming quietly, and many brands have made it clear that they are developing their internationally advanced 2.0T engines. We are looking forward to having our own 2.0T engine that will make the world tremble, and I personally think that it is not far away, knowing that we in China are very diligent and the research and development speed is also very fast. (Text/Figure car home Shu Ning)

● Miscellaneous article: At the request of the readers, after taking stock of China engines, we will dig a little deeper for some 2.0T engines that are of high concern.

1. Mercedes M133 2.0T

　　In the previous article, I wrote about the relationship between Mercedes-Benz M133 and Mercedes-Benz M274. In fact, it is not difficult to understand that Mercedes-Benz will not redevelop an engine for an AMG model with a small output, but will design it based on the original framework. Then some people will ask, to what extent is this "based on the original framework"? According to AMG officials, apart from design dimensions (such as cylinder diameter and stroke) and some external parts (such as generators and starters), there are great differences in manufacturing technology and material selection of parts. And because the engine doesn’t pay much attention to the fuel-saving performance, they also canceled the valve lift adjustment on M274, in order to further reduce the internal resistance of the engine and realize the lightweight design. (Want to know M133? Poke the link: Mercedes-Benz 2.0T AMG engine)

2. Cadillac LTG 2.0T

　　The reason why this engine is concerned by the majority of netizens, I think it may also be because the output parameters are considerable. Indeed, this 2.0T code-named LTG has output parameters beyond the same level, but from its technical point of view, it does not actually show the "international advanced level". Let’s talk about the advantages first: this engine has been optimized in NVH, and the oil pump has realized the flow regulation function controlled by solenoid valve. The crankshaft adopts forging technology and adopts double scroll turbine design, which has many mainstream engine technologies such as intake and exhaust timing adjustment. (For more information about this engine, please poke the link: LTG engine disassembly)

3. Baowo 2.0T

　　In fact, we have been discussing whether this engine is domestic or overseas for a long time. Later, I played a clever trick and put it here. We photographed this engine at the auto show, and I can tell you bluntly here: this is a slightly modified EA888 engine. No matter from the technical or structural point of view, it shows a high degree of consistency with Volkswagen EA888, and also integrates some characteristics of EA211. (To know about Baowo engine, poke the link: Baowo 1.4T/2.0T engine)

Full text summary:

　　After talking about so many 2.0T engines, I believe you are as big as me. Indeed, this displacement has a wide adaptability, and after comprehensive consideration of the 2.0T engine, you will find that this engine is a power system that is extremely suitable for the future trend, and it has advantages that cannot be underestimated whether it is the balance of output power and emissions or the integration with hybrid power systems. Of course, China’s 2.0T engines are also improving step by step, and we are delighted to see that some China brands have their own 2.0T engines that are not lost to overseas brands. I believe that one day, our own China cars will be able to dominate the world’s automobiles and become a national pride industry. (Text/Figure car home Shu Ning)

Its grade represents its performance standard and quality grade, and it can reflect the key indexes such as fluidity, lubricity and cleanliness of engine oil at different temperatures. To judge the performance of engine oil, there are usually the following aspects:

Engine oil is generally divided into:, semi-synthetic oil,. The characteristics of these three oils are:

Mineral oil: low cost, although imported additives are added to mineral oil now, the service life is generally about half a year.

Semi-synthetic oil: It has good oxidation resistance, and it is a very good long-lasting engine oil, with a service life of about one year.

Synthetic oil: long service life, stable performance, but high price.

The "grade" of engine oil can be classified according to the standards of different international organizations and the attributes of engine oil.：

1. SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) classifies oil according to its viscosity value.

For example, SAE 5W-30, where W stands for winter, and the number before W stands for flow viscosity at low temperature. The smaller the value, the better the fluidity and the better the protection of the vehicle during cold start. The number after W represents the viscosity at 100 degrees, and the higher the number, the better the viscosity.

2，(）

According to the quality grade of engine oil, the higher the number, the higher the grade of engine oil.

A/B series: generally suitable for light-duty diesel engines.

C series: suitable for catalyst engines, C1-C4, and C3 or above are generally used for engines.

E series: heavy duty diesel engine.

3. API and ILSAC(& International Lubricating Oil Standards and Approval Committee) are classified according to the environmental protection grade of engine oil.

The series beginning with A and S represents gasoline engine oil, and the specifications are: API SA … Sn.

The series beginning with B and C represents diesel engine oil, with specifications of API CA……, CG-4, CH-4 and CI-4.

C, when S and C exist at the same time, it means that it is a universal type of gasoline and diesel.

D, the letters after S and C mean: from SA to SN. The farther back, the higher the environmental protection level. In-cylinder direct injection should be at least SN.

E, ILSAC adopts a higher engine oil quality grade evaluation standard, which requires further GF-5 specification evaluation of SN-grade engine oil passed by API. It is required to improve fuel economy, compatibility with exhaust system and prolong engine service life, so GF-5 standard is higher than SN.

Is the performance of engine oil good? How to judge?

It mainly depends on the recommendation of the vehicle manufacturer and the specific requirements of the engine. The following are some factors that are usually considered when choosing family car oil.

1. According to the user’s manual or maintenance guide of the vehicle, the engine oil type and annual grade suitable for this model are usually recommended, and it is most important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendation.

2. Different types of engines may require different types of engine oil. For example, high performance requires higher viscosity engine oil to provide better lubrication protection.

3, climatic conditions, according to the climatic conditions of your location, choose the appropriate viscosity, vehicles in cold areas need lower viscosity engine oil 0W-20, so as to be easy to start at low temperature and protect the engine. Vehicles in hot areas may need higher viscosity oils such as 10W-40 and 15W-50 to maintain lubricity at high temperatures.

4, environmental protection, some places with environmental protection requirements require the use of low-flow or low-phosphorus engine oil to reduce the environmental impact.

5, personal driving habits, often driving at high speed or heavy load, may need more advanced engine oil to provide additional protection.

6. With the increase of vehicle age, engine wear will increase. At this time, engine oil with higher viscosity or specific formula is needed to provide better protection.

Generally speaking, domestic users usually use 5W-30 or 10 or 10W-40 engine oil, but it is better to decide the appropriate engine oil according to the manufacturer’s recommendation and personal actual situation.

The above is my previous knowledge about engine oil.

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The following are the precautions for oil change

1, be sure to buy genuine engine oil, machine filter.

2, it is not impossible to change yourself, the key is to save those wages and ignore them compared with their own safety. Except for those who like to do it.

3, don’t listen to those bloggers who make you, 20,000 kilometers of maintenance all right, according to the maintenance manual, it’s right, if they are so powerful, what do they need the factory’s auto engineers for?

4. Some fans asked whether the oil was put away or pumped well. Is it necessary to open another article on this?

5, the oil must be quantified, and it is not good to have more or less.

6, record the oil change mileage, in order to grasp the oil change time next time. Generally, there are some in the store, but some are lazy or forget, so you should remember to remind them.