Looking at the Yangtze finless porpoise, it is not endangered.

　　The extremely endangered state of the Yangtze finless porpoise has not changed, especially there is a blank area for in-situ conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise, and there is a risk of "total annihilation" in ex situ conservation. As the most objective and sensitive indicator of the health status of the Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem, the situation of Yangtze finless porpoise population protection is grim.

　　2moonfourJapanese, Yangtze finless porpoise, etc.65This kind of wild animal was officially upgraded from the national second-class protected wild animal to the national first-class one.

　　Behind the protection and upgrading, it shows that the sustainable recovery of the Yangtze finless porpoise population still has a long way to go. The reporters of Outlook Newsweek visited the important habitats of the Yangtze finless porpoise on the spot and interviewed authoritative experts, and learned that the extremely endangered state of the Yangtze finless porpoise has not changed, especially the blank area of in-situ conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise and ex-situ conservation of species exist.“the whole army is wiped out/overwhelmed/destroyed―meet one’s Waterloo"Risk.

　　“National treasure in water"Return with a smile

　　The Yangtze finless porpoise, the flagship species of the Yangtze River, has frequently appeared in the Yangtze River basin in recent years. They are smiling and playful.“Germination"It won the hearts of the people and also touched the formation of the public.“The Yangtze finless porpoise population is growing rapidly"The impression.

　　“Look, that’s the finless porpoise. Look, it’s out of the water again. It’s still a group."In the cold winter, there is a thin fog in the waters of Zhenjiang Attic and Sanjiangkou in the lower reaches of Gezhouba in the morning, and the Yangtze finless porpoise jumping out of the water from time to time excites photographer Yang He.

　　this year63Yang He, aged 20, grew up by the river and is very familiar with the Yangtze finless porpoise. Yang He remembers,twentyIn the 1970s and 1980s, it was very common for groups of Yangtze finless porpoises to fluctuate in the river.“Because it looks round, most locals call it Jiang pig. It opens its mouth as if it is smiling, so some people call it Jiang pig.‘smiling angel’."

　　In Yanghe’s impression, in the following decades, the Yangtze finless porpoise became less and less frequent, and was even forgotten for a time because it disappeared. until2019yearnineIn May, he accidentally photographed a Yangtze finless porpoise swimming in his riverside photography creation, which made Yang He realize that the Yangtze finless porpoise is back.

　　After that, Yanghe will go to the lower reaches of Gezhouba, Zhenjiang Attic, Sanjiangkou and Yanzhiba every few days.“lie in wait to apprehend a criminal suspect"Yangtze finless porpoise“I shot it at most once.fiveAt the same time, the first finless porpoise surfaced, and the picture of the little finless porpoise clinging to its mother’s fin to feed was also photographed."Yang He said.

　　The smiling return of the Yangtze finless porpoise is the common feeling of the people along the Yangtze River in recent years. After combing government reports and media reports, it is found that Yangtze finless porpoises are found along the main stream of the Yangtze River, including Wuhan, Yichang, Nanjing, Nanchang and Zhenjiang, and in Tongjiang lakes such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, leaving people with scenes of chasing each other and playing against the waves in the water.

　　“In recent years, the number and frequency of the Yangtze finless porpoise reported in various places along the Yangtze River are really exciting."Wang Ding, a researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and secretary-general of the China National Committee of Man and Biosphere of UNESCO, believes that this is related to“Grasp great protection together."The atmosphere is getting stronger and stronger.

　　Wang Ding said that on the one hand, with the continuous promotion of proliferation and release, pollution control and comprehensive fishing ban along the Yangtze River, the living environment of the Yangtze finless porpoise has been significantly improved, making it possible for it to thrive better. At the same time, with the improvement of people’s ecological awareness, more and more people are involved in the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise. According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are hundreds of Yangtze finless porpoises protection associations and organizations in cities along the Yangtze River. Everyone cares about the information of Yangtze finless porpoises, which further enhances the existence of Yangtze finless porpoises.

　　The critically endangered situation has not changed.

　　A number of experts on Yangtze finless porpoise research said in interviews that due to the recent lack of global ecological scientific investigation on the population quantity and distribution of Yangtze finless porpoise, local sporadic reports are difficult to support the view that the population quantity of Yangtze finless porpoise has been effectively restored or greatly increased.

　　The latest comprehensive investigation and evaluation of the Yangtze finless porpoise was organized and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.“2017Investigation on ecological science of Yangtze finless porpoise in". Through Yichang to Shanghai1669Visual inspection and passive acoustic inspection of the main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, it is estimated that the number of Yangtze finless porpoises is about1012Head.

　　In response to the results of this investigation, Yu Kangzhen, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs2018In 2000, it was said that the trend of the population decline of the Yangtze finless porpoise has been curbed, but its extremely endangered situation has not changed and remains grim.

　　It is understood that in-situ protection, ex situ protection and artificial breeding protection are the three major strategies to rescue the Yangtze finless porpoise. Among them, in-situ protection focuses on taking measures to create a good living space for the wild reproduction of Yangtze finless porpoises; Artificial breeding mainly provides theoretical and technical support for the protection of finless porpoises through scientific research; Ex situ conservation is to artificially move the Yangtze finless porpoise to an area more suitable for its growth and help the Yangtze finless porpoise achieve population expansion.

　　In other words, ex situ conservation is“Preserve species"It is also the most direct and effective measure to save the Yangtze finless porpoise.

　　Located in Shishou, Hubei Province, Hubei Yangtze River Swan Island Baiji Dolphin National Nature Reserve is one of the earliest protected areas for ex situ conservation of Yangtze finless porpoise. Located here“knot in one’s stomach―pent-up feelings of sadness"The Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River is rich in bait and superior in ecological environment, which is suitable for the Yangtze finless porpoise to inhabit.

　　Hu Lianghui, deputy director of the reserve management office, said that this reserve, which was originally set up to protect the baiji, has become a paradise for the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise due to the functional extinction of the baiji.1990Year,fiveThe first Yangtze finless porpoise was put into the old course of the Yangtze River in Tianezhou. go through30Over the past years, the number of finless porpoises in the old course of the Yangtze River in Swan Island has exceeded.80Head, and every year.sixtill/extremelyeightThe speed of the head increases.

　　According to the calculation of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the ecological environment carrying capacity of Yangtze finless porpoise here is about100Head. At the current growth rate of the Yangtze finless porpoise population, there is nothreeNianhuihui“Touching the top".

　　What is more serious is the non-point source pollution in the old course of the Yangtze River in Swan Island. Hu Lianghui said that although the old course of the Yangtze River in Swan Island was marked with a red line, many beaches were occupied by neighboring farmers for historical reasons. Pesticides and fertilizers have washed into the old channel, but the old channel is relatively separated from the Yangtze River and cannot be self-purified, and the water quality in the protected area has an obvious deterioration trend. At worst, the water quality in some waters is Grade IV.

　　Wang Ding said that at present, Shishou Swan Island in the mainstream of the Yangtze River, Hewang Temple in Jianli, Hubei/Huarong Integration in Hunan and Xijiang River in Anqing.threeIn the Yangtze finless porpoise ex situ conservation area, there are2It has been isolated from the main stream of the Yangtze River, and the main stream has basically lost its function of supplementing water, improving water quality and supplementing early fish resources. In addition, the beaches around the ex-situ conservation area are occupied, and agricultural and domestic wastewater is directly discharged into the ex-situ conservation area, so the water quality of the ex-situ conservation area is seriously deteriorated. These adverse effects, if left unchecked, may lead to the Yangtze finless porpoise.“Preserve species"Population emergence“the whole army is wiped out/overwhelmed/destroyed―meet one’s Waterloo"The risk.

　　protect“Giant panda in water"it is a long way to go

　　As the flagship species of the Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem, the population status of the Yangtze finless porpoise is the most objective and sensitive to the health status of the Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem.“indicator", protect it“Giant panda in water"A long way to go.

　　First, with the help of the favorable situation of the great protection of the Yangtze River, the blank area of the Yangtze finless porpoise protection will be gradually eliminated. Studies show that the Yangtze finless porpoise has been distributed continuously in the main stream of the Yangtze River and the lake area in history. However, due to years of human activities such as cool fishing, over-exploitation of beaches and high-intensity shipping, the Yangtze finless porpoise has been far away from these habitats, forming a blank area. Some blank areas are even more than 100 kilometers long, which seriously affects the successful reproduction and gene exchange of the Yangtze finless porpoise and restricts its population recovery growth. For example, the Yangtze finless porpoise is relatively densely distributed from Ezhou, Hubei Province to Anqing, Anhui Province, but there are no nature reserves for the Yangtze finless porpoise in some sections of this area.

　　Second, attach great importance to and solve the serious degradation of ecological environment quality in ex situ conservation areas to ensure the Yangtze finless porpoise.“Preserve species"Healthy population development. On the one hand, we should speed up the restoration measures of water ecological engineering, maintain the connectivity between ex-situ conservation areas and the mainstream of the Yangtze River, control the disorderly human activities around them, vigorously reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, and continuously improve the ecological environment of ex-situ conservation areas. On the other hand, it can be studied to jointly establish a national dolphin protection park in Swan Island, Hubei Province, Baiji National Nature Reserve in Xinluo Section of the Yangtze River, and Hewangmiao, Jianli, Hubei Province/Huarong, Hunan Province integrated Yangtze finless porpoise provincial nature reserve, so as to improve the protection and management effectiveness of nature reserves and the supply capacity of ecological products.

　　The third is to improve the equipment and facilities of the Yangtze finless porpoise research and protection technology platform, and provide better scientific and technological support for promoting the artificial breeding of Yangtze finless porpoise. It is reported that the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the main scientific research institutions for the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise.40Over the past years, the unit has established a comprehensive research and protection technology platform for the Yangtze finless porpoise, which is open to the whole world, but the main scientific research equipment and breeding facilities of the Yangtze finless porpoise aretwentycentury90In the 1990 s, Japanese organizations provided free assistance, and most of the facilities and equipment were old and damaged, so it was difficult to meet the needs of research and breeding technology development. The insiders suggest upgrading and expanding the hardware conditions of artificial breeding of Yangtze finless porpoise in this institution, so as to provide guarantee for further breaking through the important basic theory and key technical bottleneck of Yangtze finless porpoise protection.