Cctv newsOn May 14th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference to introduce the centralized treatment in Fangcang Hospital and answer media questions.

　　Reporter’s question: Shelter hospitals have played a very important role in the fight against the epidemic. Since the outbreak, how many shelter hospitals have been established and how many patients have been treated in Wuhan and other places? What important role does shelter hospital play in epidemic prevention and control?

　　Ma Xin, leader of the National Emergency Medical Rescue Team of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University and vice president of Huashan Hospital, said that the construction of Fangcang Hospital is a pioneering work, and it is a key measure to respond to the call of the CPC Central Committee to "collect all receivables and leave no one behind". At that time, it was proposed to concentrate patients, experts, resources and treatment, and the shelter hospital was built for this purpose.

　　Ma Xin said that the construction speed of Wuchang Fangcang Hospital was very fast, and it was the first batch of Fangcang hospitals, which was built in 29 hours. After that, the number of beds in Fangcang Hospital exceeded the number of new patients, which was equivalent to building a prevention and control dam, which was built in front of the spread of the virus, quickly reversing the epidemic and allowing all patients to be admitted to the hospital. Fangcang Hospital has realized the timely isolation, treatment and treatment of all confirmed patients.

　　At the same time, Fangcang Hospital also accepted a lot of mild patients transferred from designated hospitals, and designated hospitals set aside valuable beds to treat severe patients, which can balance medical resources. The medical resources in Wuhan are more and more balanced and coordinated, and the epidemic situation has quickly reached an inflection point. The role of shelter hospital in prevention and treatment is irreplaceable.

Rusic culture is vertical and horizontal

[Introduction] For a long time, "the North Center Theory" or "the Central Plains Center Theory" has been the mainstream of China’s traditional historical narrative. However, the author believes that there has always been a "southern clue" in the history of China, which is obscure and invisible because of the deliberate neglect of orthodox historical view and the guiding interpretation of political discourse. As a part of diversified history, "Southern Clue" is a key to understand China civilization, interpret China road and judge China fortune. Without this key, our understanding of China, a very large-scale civilized country, will become one-sided and distorted. The author points out that it is necessary to sublate the southern narrative based on the "north-centered theory" or "central plains-centered theory" in the past, and it is particularly important to return the "southern clue" of China history to its original appearance from the standpoint of southern subjectivity. The article originally contained the book "People, Settlements and Regions: A Preliminary Study of the History and Geography of the Middle Ages South" written by Professor Rusic, and was transferred from "Reading with Writing", which only represents the author’s point of view, and is hereby compiled for your consideration.

The southern context of China’s history

▍ Query on the narrative of China’s ancient history with the history of the northern Central Plains as the main clue.

Generally speaking, the traditional exposition of China’s ancient history is mainly based on the historical development of the northern Central Plains, and can even be expressed as a "north-centered theory" or "Central Plains-centered theory". In the interpretation system of China’s ancient history with "dynasty change" as the main narrative clue, the historical development of the southern region is mainly described as the expansion and conquest of the Central Plains by force, and the economic development of the southern region is brought about by the migration of the northern population to the south; Then, the implementation of China-Korea system in the southern region: establishing a powerful bureaucratic system (and various institutional settings attached to the bureaucratic system, such as the system of selecting officials and the legal system, etc.), implementing effective administrative control over the southern region, and bringing the people in these areas into the household registration and taxation system of the dynasty countries; Further, the so-called "enlightenment" was carried out. The dynasty countries promoted the so-called "kingization" through various means or channels, such as the education system, the election system, and the means of reward, recognition and punishment, that is, instilling orthodox ideology into the southern region, "turning barbarians into Chinese" or "turning barbarians into summer", and finally completing the "cultural transformation" of the southern region, that is, the so-called "standardization" of China culture or

For more than half a century, China historians have criticized this historical narrative and interpretation centered on the history of the Central Plains from two aspects: one is the polycentric or pluralistic theory of the origin of China civilization. After years of exploration and efforts by several generations of archaeological and ancient history researchers such as Su Bingqi, Zhang Guangzhi and Shi Xingbang, the monocentric theory that the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Central Plains) are the origin of Chinese civilization has been abandoned, and the polycentric theory or pluralism of the origin of China civilization has been widely recognized. Archaeologists and ancient historians have generally agreed that there are at least a few clues about the early civilization of China between 6000 and 4500 years ago:

(1) Yangshao culture-Longshan culture in the Central Plains, with the so-called "Huaxia Group" as the main body (early and middle period); (2) The Dawenkou culture-Shandong Longshan culture with the so-called "Dongyi Group" as the main body from the south of Shandong Peninsula to the Jianghuai area; (3) Majiabang culture-Songze culture-Liangzhu culture with Dongyi Group as the main body in the area around Taihu Lake in the south of the Yangtze River; (4) Daxi culture-Qujialing culture-Shijiahe culture with the so-called "Miao Man Group" as the main body in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; (5) The northern part of Yanbei and the western part of Liaoning are likely to be Hongshan Culture-post-Hongshan Culture (Xiaoheyan culture) or Xiajiadian culture with the "Huangdi Group" as the main body; (6) South-central Inner Mongolia may also belong to the so-called "Huangdi Group" as the main body of the pre-Yangshao-marine culture-Longshan culture; (7) Xianrendong-Zhucheng-Wucheng culture and Xiqiao Mountain (Linglongyan) culture-Shixia culture in the southern region with Poyang Lake and Pearl River Delta as the main axis; (8) Sanxingdui culture in Bashu area-Twelve Bridges culture.

Although archaeologists and ancient history researchers have many different understandings of the division of these cultural flora and their interrelationships, internal divisions and types, in general, they think that the early civilization in China is composed of different origins, with multiple centers and diverse characteristics, which are mutually integrated, and gradually form a "core" from "diversity".

This kind of reasoning has fundamentally changed the interpretation mode of "dissemination and diffusion" in the study of the history of the origin of civilization, thus bringing a fundamental impact or negation to the so-called "Central Plains culture going south" (and spreading around) ancient history interpretation system.

The second aspect of the overall criticism of the historical narrative and interpretation centered on the history of the Central Plains comes from the research methods and approaches of the South China School on the construction of local society or historical anthropology centered on the southeast coastal areas (focusing on the research of the Pearl River Delta and Xijiang River Basin, Fujian Putian Plain, western Fujian Mountain and Taiwan Province area).

One of the starting points of the study of South China is to try to get rid of the interpretation mode that the dynasty expanded from the central plains to the surrounding areas (including the southern regions) through military expansion, political control and enlightenment, and finally established a unified Chinese empire, but to regard the Chinese empire as a cultural concept. The infiltration of the metaphor of imperial authority into the southern frontier society was not implemented by issuing decrees from top to bottom, but by the local people upgrading their own motivation from bottom to top. They adopted propositions from the political center in a certain historical period, and in the process of building local society, they used these propositions as the language of national order.

In other words, the history of immigration, education, development and cultural communication is not only the history of civilization expansion, but also the expression language of establishing national order based on the power of local society. In this way, in the process of entering the political, economic, social and cultural system of the Chinese Empire, different places have actually gone through different paths and have different connotations. In the words of Mr. David and Mr. Liu Zhiwei, it is: "Under the concept of great unity, there can be great differences in implementing the same system in different time and space. The reason is simple: Ming and Qing empires all have huge regions and populations, and the geographical environment and customs of the eastern, southern, western and northern parts are very different; Different regions also play different roles in the empire; More importantly, even if different regions have experienced a common dynasty history, they have their own local historical processes with very different contents. " Obviously, the charm of South China studies is to show the diversity of historical development and local social construction in the late Chinese Empire.

Comparatively speaking, the study of China’s medieval history is mainly about the history of the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Although it also shows some diversified tendencies, generally speaking, it is still based on the historical development of the Central Plains, especially the history of the rise and fall of dynasties. Although great progress has been made in the study of the history of the southern region in the Six Dynasties, the Nine Kingdoms in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, we have carefully considered the overall orientation of historical narrative and interpretation in the above three periods, and we can find that:

The relevant research is still mainly focused on its significance to the development of the southern region, emphasizing that the economy and society of the southern region have made great progress during this period, so it can be expressed as "the history of the southern region under the history of the dynasty"; Not on its significance to the historical development of China, but on its significance in the history of China, so it is not "the history of China in the southern region". More importantly, the interpretation and research on the history of the Han Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties and even the Northern Song Dynasty are basically based on the history of the Central Plains dynasty, and the history of the southern region is basically regarded as a subsidiary position. In fact, we don’t know much about the history of the southern region in this long period, and the proportion in the existing historical narrative and interpretation system of China is also quite light.

There are two important joints:

First, the unified Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited the southern region and the northern Central Plains region, which are actually two historical traditions: the former is the southern tradition since the Six Dynasties, while the latter is the northern tradition mainly formed in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty. As far as the land system, village system and corvee system are concerned, the existing research has fully revealed that the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties are a system of the same strain, and its evolution clues are clear. The Six Dynasties, especially the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, is another system, which was different from the Central Plains in the Han Dynasty. During the evolution of the Six Dynasties, the gap with the Central Plains in the north became larger and larger. Then, after the reunification of Sui and Tang Dynasties, how did these two historical traditions gradually merge?

There is a debate about whether there is a so-called "southern dynasty". However, the focus of this debate is on the institutional origin of the unified dynasty in Sui and Tang dynasties, and it has not touched on the issue of how to implement and implement the unified dynasty system in various places. Specifically, the process of the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties was actually manifested in the conquest of the southern regime by the northern Central Plains Dynasty. Therefore, in terms of system implementation, it was mainly manifested in the establishment of various systems based on the northern Central Plains, such as the Lifang system with closed space as the main feature, the land equalization system with limited land as the core, the household registration system which was far stricter than that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, and the mature government and soldiers system during the Western Wei Dynasty and so on. How were they promoted and implemented in the southern region?

In other words, after the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties, how did these systems, which were mainly formed and evolved step by step in the history of the Northern Dynasties, absorb and how many "southern traditions" since the Six Dynasties? Are the various systems formed after the integration of the northern and southern traditions (mainly the northern tradition) widely implemented in the southern region? If the answer is yes, how are they implemented? For example, in the hilly and mountainous areas scattered in the south, how does the village system with household registration control as the core operate? In the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Fujian area in Lingnan, where there are a lot of wasteland, how is the land equalization system aimed at limiting land implemented? How did most of the southern cities, which inherited the city walls and forms since the Six Dynasties, establish the regular Li Fang like Chang ‘an, Luoyang, Pingcheng and Taiyuan? And if our answer is no, then what is the situation? How did the dynasty countries realize their rule in the southern region (of course not the whole southern region)?

The second joint is the southern region inherited after the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty, and actually there are two historical traditions with the northern region as its foundation: Zhao and Song Dynasties were born out of Hebei, Hedong Fanzhen and the Five Dynasties regime in the late Tang Dynasty, and made no difference to each other (Mr. Mao Hanguang had a detailed discussion). What it directly continued was the northern tradition with Hebei and Hedong Fanzhen as its core, which Mr. Chen Yinke called "Hu"

After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the southern region actually embarked on a different or very different road from the northern region: to a great extent, the former and later Shu, Yangwu-Nantang, Qian wuyue and even Machu, Nanhan and Jingnan all continued to move forward on the basis of Li Tang, and inherited the Tang system. Of course, there were many complicated and diverse changes, but its foundation was the Tang system, so there should be no doubt. Then, after the reunification of the Northern Song Dynasty, whether and how did this southern tradition integrate into the unified system of the Northern Song Dynasty? Scholars who study the history of the Song Dynasty used to call it "the system of the Song Dynasty along the Tang Dynasty". So, where did the Song Dynasty inherit the system of the Tang Dynasty? What Tang systems were inherited and developed? To what extent does the reformed system evolved from the Tang system reflect the specific needs of the southern region? How is it implemented everywhere?

The same problem actually existed in the Yuan Dynasty. As we know, the southern region inherited by the Yuan Dynasty is the tradition of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is quite different from the northern tradition that evolved around Yanjing since the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The tradition of the Southern Song Dynasty, at least, was passed down to the Ming Dynasty, which became an important resource for the Hongwu Dynasty to construct a unified system. On this issue, according to Mr. Li Zhian and Mr. Zheng Zhenman in recent years, they all have some in-depth and interesting thoughts from different angles, which are worthy of attention. Therefore, the southern history of Ming and Qing dynasties should be in line with the tradition since the Southern Song Dynasty.

If we carry out in-depth thinking and research on the above issues, we may be able to trace the "southern context in China history" (not the development clue of southern history); Perhaps, sorting out the "southern context" will help us to understand the historical development of China. This is one of the starting points of my thinking about the ancient history of China in recent years.

▍ A preliminary analysis of the records of medieval historical documents in southern China.

In order to reconstruct the narrative and interpretation system of southern history and comprehensively think about the southern context of China’s historical development, the first step should be to comprehensively sort out and analyze the historical documents, archaeological materials and oral materials obtained from field investigation, so as to clarify their values and limitations.

Before 2003, like most researchers, I believed in the social, economic, cultural and even environmental records of the South in traditional literature, so as to study problems. For example, the descriptions of "the land of Chu and Yue" in Biography of Historical Records and Geography of Han Dynasty were used as the basic materials to understand the situation in the South during the Han Dynasty. Later, it was slowly discovered that there was something wrong here: these documents were basically written by northern scholars, with a strong Chinese color or the concept of central plains, and their descriptions of southern people, economy, society and culture could only reflect their understanding, rather than the objective actual situation. The initial suspicion came from the different descriptions of Jinghu Road (Jingxi Road and Jinghu Road) in Song and Yuan Dynasties: in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Lu You, Wang Shipeng and Lu Jiuyuan, Jingxi Road and Jinghu Road were desolate and very backward; After forty years of war in Song and Meng Dynasties, under the pen of northern scholars in Mongolia and Yuan Dynasties, the Jinghu area turned out to be very rich. This sharp contrast made me start to think about who left these records: of course, the scholars of the Southern Song Dynasty, mainly from the East-West and Zhejiang roads in the south of the Yangtze River, despised Jinghu Road, while some authors from the north and even the Western Regions and Mongolia obviously lamented the richness of these areas.

Starting from this, I began to systematically ponder the sources, types and values of historical documents recorded in the southern region of the Middle Ages. After several years of exploration, I now preliminarily divide these documents (materials) into the following categories in terms of their sources:

The first is the narration and writing of Chinese scholars (Central Plains scholars).

It is believed that at least before the Northern Song Dynasty (including the Northern Song Dynasty), most of the main written materials about the historical records of the South belonged to this part. Its core part is the southern historical materials found in official history books and chronological history books, which is the basic basis traditionally used to construct the clues of southern historical development. Now, we know that this part of the material mainly reflects the Chinese scholars’ understanding of the social, economic and cultural conditions in the south of their time, and it is the narrative and interpretation of the history of the south by the "other" (external observers).

We need to carefully analyze the records and interpretations of these documents to see which of them may reflect some realities of southern history, or adopt the interpretation of the southern society itself, and which parts are just the subjective imagination or understanding of the "other" ("external" observers) and their times. We should start with the southern images in Chunqiu Zuozhuan and Guoyu, and then investigate the "historical sources" of southern historical records in official history such as Shiji and Hanshu-what are their sources. The History of the Three Kingdoms and the Four History of the Southern Dynasties include many southern factors, but the credibility still comes from the hands of scholars who have or hold the view of Huaxia. The Book of Jin, Sui Shu, History of the South and History of the North, which were compiled in the early Tang Dynasty, are typical examples of reinterpreting the history of the South under the unified situation. The old and new Tang Shu and the History of the Five Dynasties compiled in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty are similar to this. Not to mention the history of Song, Yuan and Ming. These official histories have constructed the basic framework for the narrative and interpretation of southern history by traditional historiography. We should "deconstruct" this narrative tradition from here now, and point out that all this is just the understanding and narration of the southern history under the orthodoxy of the dynasty and the central view of the Central Plains, and it is not the "own" history of the south, so it cannot better explain the significance of the historical development of the southern region in the historical development of China.

Second, the narrative and writing of southern scholars based on the "South".

I’m not sure how to define "Southern Scholars" and how to base on "South". I only have a vague idea. Of course, birth and growth environment are the first consideration, but the key lies in whether its narrative and interpretation hold a position of "sympathy" with the southern society (in the same situation) Scholars in the south are based on the narration and writing in the south, and this tradition can at least be traced back to Qu Yuan and Chu Ci. I thought that the narration in the south had a considerable influence in the early Han Dynasty (before Emperor Wu), and the emphasis on Zhang Chu in The Moon Table at the Time of Qin Chu in Historical Records may be due to this, while Sima Qian’s narration about Wu, Chu and Yue may also be mainly derived from the narrative tradition of the south, which was tailored. Huayang Guozhi, Yuejueshu, and the geography and landscape travel notes of the Six Dynasties all deserve careful analysis. These works of the Six Dynasties show the efforts of southern scholars to make their own narrative and interpretation of their own local history. Unfortunately, this kind of effort was neither persistent nor short-lived, and was soon overwhelmed.

Most southern scholars in the late Tang and Five Dynasties yearned for the Central Plains and the Tang Dynasty (or pretended to be the real Tang Dynasty), so there were few writings based on the south. However, wuyue of Qian’s family and Shu of Meng’s family (even Fujian of Wang’s family) are all interested in their own "cultural construction", so they also left some records based on the south, which need to be analyzed. The narrative and writing tradition of southern scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty is basically based on the Central Plains or China. During the Southern Song Dynasty, even in the Yuan Dynasty, the focus of scholar-officials shifted to "local" (Han Mingshi revealed the situation of this shift in the Southern Song Dynasty, and I thought this shift was basically completed in the Yuan Dynasty), which prompted them to base themselves more on the South and describe and write the history of the South.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the narration and writing of southern scholars presented a complex and diverse situation: on the one hand, a considerable number of narration and writing traditions, which may occupy the mainstream position, were still based on the position of the Central Plains or China, and through these narratives and explanations, the history and culture of the South were successfully incorporated into the historical and cultural system of China or China centered on the Central Plains; On the other hand, the narrative and writing mainly based on the south, especially the specific local society, has gradually formed into a new tradition. Although this tradition is often covered under the topic of "the position and role of a certain place and its society in the history of China", it is actually based on the local area, aiming at emphasizing the characteristics and importance of the local area, and thus gradually building a historical view and historical knowledge system based on the local society.

Genealogy (although genealogy has always been defined as folk literature, in fact, it is still the scholars and their concepts that play a major role in the process of genealogy revision, so genealogy still belongs to the narrative tradition of scholars or literati) embodies these two seemingly contradictory narrative and interpretation directions: on the one hand, it should be upward, emphasizing its long history, so as to connect with "Central Plains", "Huaxia" and its culture; On the other hand, it should be downward, highlighting the dominant position and important influence of this race in local society. The research on genealogy has fully revealed this point.

The third is the narration and interpretation of the "people" in the south.

Here, it mainly refers to the literature materials other than the narration and writing of scholars, mainly including religious documents such as contracts (positive contracts and hidden contracts), scientific instruments, religious materials such as statues and monuments, folk historical legends and stories, some materials in genealogy, and non-written materials such as statues and pictures.

I think these are the real "folk documents". They are documents that people need and use. Such as contracts, most of them are not written by scholar-officials (even if they are written by scholar-officials, they are not written as "scholar-officials"), and the bookkeepers (calligraphers and signers) are not scholar-officials, but the people understand the meaning and significance of these contracts (the process of "selling wine" and reading aloud in the process of book signing enable both parties and related parties to understand their meaning) and widely adopt this form. These words or images reflect people’s narratives and ideas about their own history. For example, the stipulation of "never forgive" in the contract of Tang and Song Dynasties, and the existence and expression of a large number of white deeds in the contract of Ming and Qing Dynasties all imply the people’s indifference to the power of the dynasty or the state to varying degrees, indicating that there has always been some kind of system outside the power of the dynasty. I believe that by combing these words and images, we can get a glimpse of some realities of people’s lives in southern China and build a historical understanding based on the people (or the people).

Sorting out and discriminating the above-mentioned records, reflecting the clues of the historical development of the South and the literature materials at several levels, and analyzing: (1) Who wrote it and how did he know it? That is, the analysis of historiography; (2) Why did he write like this? Instead of writing it like that? How did he integrate those divergent data, and what considerations were there between the choices? The main method is to analyze the differences between different records and the reasons for this difference. I call this "analysis of history writing"; (3) What did he write these for? That is, why did he write these? That is, the analysis of writing purpose and intention. Only by understanding these problems can we use these materials freely and then discuss the historical development of the southern region. At the same time, through these works, we can also establish a characteristic "historical philology".

▍ The starting point of research and the development of research work (ideas and ideas)

On the basis of the above preliminary thoughts (in fact, these thoughts were gradually formed in the following research process), I began to try to carry out some special research work. Because my work foundation and data accumulation are mainly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Hanshui River Basin, the relevant special research naturally begins in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In the past five years of thinking and research, some ideas have gradually formed, most of which have not yet been implemented, just some ideas and research ideas.

(1) the origin, ethnic division and essence of the residents (or population) in the south

One of the core clues about the historical development of the southern region in the traditional China historical interpretation system is that the northern population moved southward and the resulting changes in the composition and distribution of the southern population, while the economic development, social development and even the establishment of political control order in the southern region were all realized with the northern population moving southward. Therefore, if we want to rebuild the cognitive and explanatory system of southern history, we must re-understand this system.

After several years of thinking and preliminary discussion, I think that the above-mentioned argument system is at least incomplete, or there is deviation in the direction, and I have initially formed some rough views: the main part of the resident population in the southern region (generally speaking) is gradually developed from the indigenous population in the southern region; Northern immigrants and their descendants, although the proportion in southern regions is not the same, generally speaking, do not account for the majority of the total population (in all periods); In the traditional interpretation system, it is probably wrong to say that most of the population in the south can be traced back to the Central Plains in the north.

Therefore, the first step we need to do is to distinguish the historical truth and "cultural creation" of "the population of the south comes from the north". Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the influence of several large-scale migration movements of northern population to the south in the history of China on the population composition and distribution in the south, and make an overall assessment. In particular, the three migration movements (after Yongjia Rebellion, Anshi Rebellion and Jingkang Rebellion) that have long been regarded as changing the population composition in the south and triggering the so-called wave of development in the south and their influences are the key to the problem. It can be believed that these three migration movements have increased the population in the southern region, but compared with the indigenous hukou in the southern region, the northern immigrants and their descendants may not have absolute advantages (this requires careful literature research and data analysis). The basic composition of household registration in the southern region is still the indigenous people in the south.

Scholars in South China’s research on the clans in Guangdong and Fujian, especially the interpretation of genealogy by Mr. Liu Zhiwei and Mr. Zheng Zhenman, have quite fully proved that most of the legends or records about their ancestors from the Central Plains in Guangdong and Fujian are just a kind of "cultural construction", and this "historical memory" is just a means to transform themselves into members with "legal" status in the imperial order. Therefore, the path of using genealogical data to study immigration history has to be reconsidered.

The second step is to further identify: (1) who are these indigenous people in the south-what are their characteristics; (2) How are they defined, and how do they define themselves? (3) How are these southern aborigines gradually considered (as they themselves think) to be "from the Central Plains", that is, how is the "Southern residents originated from the Central Plains" established, and what is the essence of this statement. Of course, these problems need to be investigated in different periods. It involves some important issues in the history of "ethnic groups" in the south, such as the origin and evolution of Yue, Man, Ba, Liao and Yi, and the nature of ethnic groups. Our general tendency is to think that these ethnic groups or ethnic groups in the south in history can basically be regarded as "ethnic names" added by Chinese scholars from the outside on the indigenous people in the south, rather than their own definitions. Therefore, it is not their own definition. With a considerable part of them, they were gradually incorporated into the edition system of the dynasty countries, accepted the words and culture representing "Chinese civilization", and gradually moved from "externalization" to "internalization", and then divorced from their indigenous background and rewritten as "Chinese immigrants from the Central Plains" (they themselves, especially their elites and literati, played a vital role in this rewriting process).

By understanding the above two points, we can reinterpret the population development, distribution and ethnic nature in southern China. The standpoint of discussing this issue should be anthropological, not ethnological. Only by putting our discussion on the background of the composition of the population (immigrants and aborigines) can we avoid many controversial issues such as the so-called national definition and division, and focus on: Who is the main body of the historical development of the South? Northern immigrants suppress southern natives?

(B) the southern types of ancient institutions and the southern road of institutional evolution.

Another core clue of the traditional China historical interpretation system about the historical development of the southern region is that the dynasty countries gradually established the political, economic and cultural systems of the dynasty in the southern region through various means and channels, and through these systems and their operation, the southern regions were steadily and firmly brought into the control system of the dynasty countries. "Institution" has always been the core of the study of China’s ancient history, and it is also regarded as the most important way for the dynasty countries to control the southern region (and other regions).

There are two prerequisites for this explanation: (1) the centralization of absolutism is powerful and has enough power to implement its system in various regions; (2) Because of the first point, the implementation and operation of the "system" in various places are at least relatively uniform or consistent. However, the existing research has questioned these two premises. Therefore, we are thinking: is it possible to form a "southern type" (or more local types) according to local conditions in the process of implementing various institutional designs of dynasty countries in the southern region? And does the evolution of this system show some kind of "southern road"? On this issue, my current thinking focuses on the following four aspects:

(1) My thinking starts from the village system.

We know that the village system, which gradually sprouted in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was established in the Qin and Han Dynasties, especially in the Han Dynasty, was actually based on the villages in the northern region. Unearthed documents such as Juyan Han Bamboo Slips revealed that all the residents lived in a "village" surrounded by earth walls or fences, thus forming a relatively uniform living style and village system. The bamboo slips of Han and Three Kingdoms published in Jiangling, Changsha, Jiangdu and other places in the south show that there are no such concentrated settlements in the south, but scattered in small-scale scattered villages, and even many natural villages have only two or three households or even one household, and there is no evidence that there will be soil walls around such natural villages!

Obviously, in the scattered state, the implementation of the village system of "100 households as the interior" can only adopt flexible methods: giving priority to the region, dividing the land as the interior, and integrating the interior into the township, that is, the village system is manifested as "regional organization", and its foundation is the region, not the village. This is the variation between the village system in the south and the village system in the north (the standard system determined by the dynasty countries) in the implementation process, and this variation has a great influence on the later evolution because it happened at the source.

(2) The second starting point of my thinking is the cities in the south and the systems inside and outside the cities.

As we know, the city is a symbol of the power of the dynasty, so it requires the shape and structure of the city (the city under its jurisdiction, the same below) to follow the requirements of the so-called "ritual system" as much as possible. Many experts who study the architectural history of China emphasize the observance of Kao Gong Ji in the construction of ancient cities. In the north, we have also seen a large number of square ancient city walls that meet the requirements of the system. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the municipalities in the southern region also tried to abide by these regulations, but they did not do well enough, and they still showed some tendency of being impolite. Most importantly, they seemed to be more inclined to abide by the requirements of topography, actual needs and "Feng Shui". Topography, actual needs and the southern city shape under the principle of Feng Shui, and the northern city under the principle of etiquette show two directions of ancient city shape-of course, what we see now is more likely the result of the joint action of these two directions. In the same way, I tried to see how the Lifang system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was implemented in the cities in the southern region.

In the article "Lifang System and Its Form in Local Cities in Tang Dynasty", I argued that in the early and middle period of Tang Dynasty, except for a few cities under the jurisdiction of prefectures and counties with newly built or completely rebuilt battlements, most local cities did not have closed Lifang surrounded by square walls or fences; In the city of Luocheng, the state capital that continues to use the old city wall, and in the city where the city wall has not been established, there are also Li and Fang belonging to the urban and rural grass-roots administrative organization system. After the "An Shi Rebellion", the Lifang system was widely implemented as most cities and some county towns were generally built or expanded. These Li Fang are mainly grass-roots administrative units organized for the purpose of household registration control, tax collection and public security, and their form is a block centered on streets and lanes and spread to both sides. At the same time, there are markets in the suburbs of many cities, which further shows that even in the early and middle Tang Dynasty, urban commercial activities were not completely confined to the closed "market square".

In other words, when the Lifang system was established in the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, most cities in the southern region followed the pattern since the Six Dynasties, and there was no Lifang system at all. However, after the mid-Tang Dynasty, the southern government officials generally carried out the Tang system including the Lifang system in the southern region, especially in the cities where Jiezhen was stationed. This explanation is quite different from the explanation of Lifang system (or Fangshi system) since Kato Fanfan, which further affects how we understand the direction of urban development in Song Dynasty.

(3) The third aspect I think about is the establishment and division of administrative regions in southern China.

It is generally believed that administrative division is a regional and hierarchical administrative system under the unified centralized state, and it is the division and stratification of the areas ruled by the centralized central government from top to bottom, that is, the so-called "national economy". In fact, the formation and division of administrative districts is a more complicated process, which is often not due to the system design of the central government, but the result of a series of political, economic, military and even personnel factors. Local political changes, regional political patterns, local political forces, economic ups and downs, military actions, strategies and other factors will have a great impact on the formation and changes of local administrative districts.

For example, the establishment of Xunyang County in the first year of Yongxing in the Western Jin Dynasty (304) was one of the measures taken to further strengthen the control of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after the Zhangchang Uprising was settled; In the first year of Yongjia (307), the expansion of Xunyang County’s territory and the increase of counties were probably related to Huayi’s efforts to win over local forces in Xunyang. During Yongjia’s two to five years, Xunyang County moved to the south, which was probably due to Huayi’s conservative Jiangzhou and shrinking the defense line. By the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the merger of Xunyang and Shangjia provinces and the reduction of Songzi and Hongnong counties to Xunyang counties were part of the rectification measures of Liu Yujing and Jiang, mainly to weaken the strength of Jing and Jiang counties. The "Shannan Road" in the early Tang Dynasty was not defined by the courtiers according to the map and the "shape of mountains and rivers" at that time, but the inheritance and development of the ever-changing geographical concept and political geographical pattern since the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties and even the Jin and Northern Wei Dynasties, which actually had its specific political, military and even economic and cultural basis. In other words, the division of the ten roads in Zhenguan and the determination of their geographical scope can be explained not only by the word "mountains and rivers form convenience", but also by its profound historical, political and geographical background. Such as Henan and Hebei roads, are obviously closely related to the political and geographical pattern and its changes since the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties. Therefore, if we want to explore the origin of the "Ten Ways of Zhenguan" in the early Tang Dynasty and the principle of its division, we must combine the changes in geographical concepts and political geographical patterns since the Jin and Wei Dynasties to understand it.

(4) The fourth aspect I think about is the implementation of the service law.

Shuowen says, "We should serve and defend the border. Ancient prose works from people. " "Fu, convergence also," "rent, land tax also". It is the king’s law to make up families and people to pay for service. In the study of the history of China’s tax service system, Fu has been paid more attention to, and its evolution is also roughly clear; However, the research on service is relatively weak, and many joints are not quite understood. At first, I paid attention to the difference of the service law between the north and the south. I read the section of "Food and Water Conservancy" in Song Dynasty, and noticed that the service of river engineering in the northern part of the Northern Song Dynasty was very heavy, while it was basically absent in the south (south of Huaihe River). Later, I systematically read the research of Mr. Zhang Zexian, Mr. Zheng Xuemeng and Mr. Wang Yuquan, that is, I was quite concerned about the differences in the implementation of the service law in different times. However, this field is very difficult, and I haven’t been able to enter it yet. I just have some immature ideas, which may be the most laborious part in the future research.

Military service and compulsory service are the core parts of the corvee system in the Middle Ages, and they are also the most burdensome services for compiling families and people. I tried to discuss the similarities and differences between military service in the northern and southern dynasties from the perspective of military service, but I haven’t figured it out yet.

Generally speaking, the Northern Dynasties gradually developed from the tribal military system to the government military system, and the army and the people were basically separated. Therefore, although the Han people were frequently recruited as soldiers, for example, when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty went south, the people of the prefectures and counties were sent, and "one out of every ten people was charged", but before the reform of the government military system by Emperor Wu of Zhou, the military service burden of Han farmers was generally not very heavy. However, the Southern Dynasties were quite different. Since Sun Wu, people were frequently recruited as soldiers. By the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the so-called "three-to-five selection system" was formed. For example, in the 27th year of Yuan Jia in Liu Song Dynasty (450), he "sent three or five people to Yanzhou in the south"; "In the fifth year of Daming (461), three or five ding were issued". The so-called three-five-ding system means that five ding takes three. The military service of the Han people was more important than that of the Northern Dynasties. And the service period is very long. Bao Zhao’s poem says: "Young people leave home, but poor people are still getting started"; "I went to my hometown for 30 years, and I got back to my old hill." This is the north and south systems of military service. The Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty unified the south and gradually extended the government military system to the south. However, there were few government houses in the south, and most of them were beyond the Yangtze River, so the burden of military service in the south was greatly reduced. Therefore, after the reunification of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the law of military service in the north was promoted to the south.

In the article "Fang Yu Haozu in Shannan in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties", I tried to explain how the government soldier system was promoted to Shannan with the conquest of the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties on the basis of Mao Hanguang’s research.

If the military service in the southern region in the Middle Ages was relatively light, the transportation service was relatively heavy. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large amount of grain was transported northward every year to the south of Jianghuai, resulting in "the left side of the river was trapped and lost", and "the water was dragged by the land, and the spring was endless, and people were forced to seize agriculture. What do you expect when you die? Kanto resented." After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty paid tribute to the southeast wealth, saying, "Recruit teachers from all directions, turn to pay thousands of miles, pay for cars and horses, and send them far and near, and all the people will work hard [hard] (stop)." Or face each other repeatedly in one day, or don’t understand the armor for years, and the sacrifice is lacking, and the family is in vain. Life and death are displaced, and grievances are condensed. The labor is endless, and the land is barren. Life is harsh and demanding, and fatigue is empty. Turn to the ravine, leave the township, and the hills in the city are cut off. " This is the situation of Dezong dynasty in Shannan, Huainan and Jiangnan. This shows the importance of the transportation service in the south.

In a word, the important system designs in ancient China, such as the village system, the city lane system, and the tax service system, were mainly based on the northern region, and were generally adapted to the geography, economic production mode and social conditions in the northern region. Therefore, when these systems were implemented in the southern region, they must be modified, so the "southern type of system" was produced; Because at the beginning of implementation, it was not consistent with the system design and regulations, and in the later evolution process, more and more southern characteristics were formed, thus developing the "southern road of institutional evolution." The southern types of these systems and their evolution of the southern road, in turn, affected the system design itself, which became more and more important later, making the ancient system gradually "southward."

(3) Folk beliefs and rituals in southern China

Since 2003, I have devoted a large part of my time and energy to the study of land purchase vouchers. I have studied these land purchase vouchers for three reasons:

First, it is a real folk document, which is written by people who are not very literate or completely illiterate. Most of the writers are geographers, Mr. Yin and Yang, monks and Taoist priests, not scholars.

Second, people in this world, whether rich or poor, will die. Therefore, how to treat and deal with death is a major event in life. By buying land coupons, we can get a glimpse of how ancient people viewed and how to deal with the problem of death.

Third, the source of land purchase vouchers is the land-telling policy made by Chu in the late Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, I tend to regard it as the early tradition of dealing with death in some parts of the south (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River or the whole Yangtze River basin). According to the materials of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Wu Yijun and Andu Wang may be the earlier ghost kings in the south, which may be another source of origin, different from Taishan Shenjun in the north. In other words, before Buddhism was introduced and became a popular belief, the idea of the underworld in the south was quite different from that in the north. From the Chu Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, it was a death treatment system that originated from the south, especially from Chu. Of course, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, this tradition affected all parts of the country, even the northwest (Dunhuang and Turpan materials), and this can be regarded as the expansion of southern folk beliefs, or the process in which northern beliefs were influenced by southern beliefs.

The second aspect is about the folk funeral ceremony. This problem is actually an extension of the previous one, because the study of land purchase vouchers only deals with written materials and is not a living history. Then, how to see through its ancient ritual tradition in contemporary anthropological observation? A few friends, mainly Professor Liu Yonghua, and I have been exploring this problem constantly. Yonghua’s interpretation of the text of the scientific instrument book has helped me a lot. However, the writing tradition can reach many people, no matter how big its application scope is; In a ceremony, participants are limited, but the degree of participation of participants is far more than reading or listening to the expression of words.

Therefore, the ceremony and its process can best show the locality. Since Wu Yashi, many scholars who have studied folk belief rituals have focused on observing the refraction or deposition of the state power system from the ceremony, which is of course an important aspect, but I think that many rituals are mainly made for local society and local people, so they need to be understood and recognized by the people, so it is "local". The locality of the ceremony may be one of the focuses of my anthropological view of ancient history. But I don’t know exactly how to do it.

(D) the diversity of people’s livelihood and the diversification of economic forms in the southern region.

In the traditional historical interpretation system of China, the general narrative mode of economic development is: population increase (labor force increase) → land increase (field increase) → productivity increase (mainly manifested in the promotion of iron farm tools and Niu Geng, the development of irrigation and water conservancy, and the latter is mainly manifested in the development of agricultural economy (the increase of total agricultural products) → the development of commodity exchange and commodity crop cultivation → the development of handicraft economy. This narrative and interpretation of the history of economic development is mainly in terms of simple farming areas, and it is not suitable for the northern region, especially the areas where farming and animal husbandry run concurrently.

As far as the southern region is concerned, people’s livelihood depends on two important aspects: mountain forest (mainly gathering, fruit tree planting and logging) and rivers, lakes and oceans (fishing and breeding), in addition to farming with rice as the core. Therefore, the "agricultural resources" in the southern region are different from those in the northern Central Plains, which rely on "land" relatively simply, so the structure of its agricultural economy is different from that in the northern region. In this way, it is the first step to study the structure of agricultural economy in southern China from the perspective of resources. The ownership of mountain forest and water surface may be an important starting point for studying this issue.

Because the agricultural economy does not simply rely on "fields" and the sources of livelihood are diversified, the exchange between different types of products is likely to become inevitable. I guess the frequency of exchange and trade in the southern region is higher than that in the northern region, and the degree of development of commodity economy may be higher than that in the northern region, especially later. In other words, the commercial tradition in the southern region is relatively developed than that in the northern region. In this way, the diversified economic forms in the southern region are formed: (1) farming economy dominated by rice farming, (2) forest economy dominated by fruit tree cultivation and forest logging, (3) fishery economy dominated by fishing and breeding, and (4) primitive commodity economy mainly characterized by product exchange. The diversity of land resources and their utilization forms is the basis of the diversity of economic forms. Diversified economic forms, or diversified ways of livelihood, make the life of southern residents relatively less scarce, so the economic development in the southern region is relatively stable, unlike the ups and downs in the northern region. This is an important reason why the social and economic development in the southern region is relatively stable and there is no major fracture.

Diversified economic forms, mainly rice farming and supplemented by fishing and hunting economy, have greatly influenced the social and economic life in southern China.

Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi says: "The land of Chu and Yue is vast and crowded, with rice and fish in soup, or ploughed with fire and water, and clams are harvested, not waiting for Jia." If the land is spared food, there will be no hunger, so it will drag out an ignoble existence, and there will be more poverty without accumulation. It is the south of the old river and Huaihe River. There are no people who are frozen and hungry, and there is no family of thousands of dollars. "

The records of southern counties in Hanshu Geography also confirmed Sima Qian’s description. For example, Ba, Shu and Guanghan, "the southern part of the country is yi, and the Qin Dynasty thought it was a county. The land is fertile, and there are rivers and rivers, and the bamboo trees in the mountains are spared from eating fruits." South Jia Dian, Bo Tong, west near Qiong, Yong Ma Luo Niu. People eat rice and fish, and they are worried about their deaths. They are not worried about vulgarity, but they are easy to be slutty and weak. " From the south to the two counties of Bo ‘er and Zhuya on Hainan Island, it is also known as "men’s farming, planting rice and hemp, and women’s silkworm weaving."

It describes a decentralized, self-sufficient and autonomous society in relatively equal, which is in sharp contrast with centralization and autocracy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. As far as the basic mode of production is concerned, rice farming needs clear fields and ridges, as well as irrigation and drainage facilities; Compared with dryland agriculture, rice farming needs higher technology and more careful management. Therefore, people engaged in rice farming tend to be more stable than farmers who grow dry land, and are easy to develop fine and skillful qualities, which is conducive to the development of some handicrafts with higher skills. Abundant aquatic products and mountain forest resources provide stable and reliable supplementary food. All these have promoted the formation of self-sufficient life style under rice farming.

At the same time, the early rice farming in the southern region was mainly carried out in the valley and the edge of the plain, so small-scale cooperation could be carried out, and the requirement for large-scale cooperation was not very strong, which made small-scale family production possible.

On the other hand, the dense river network in the plain lake area or the rugged roads in mountainous areas all urge farmers to live as close as possible to the cultivated land, and diaspora has become the dominant rural settlement form in the southern region. In a word, the economic pattern of rice-based agriculture largely determines the tendency of decentralization, self-sufficiency and even autonomy in the southern region.

The last aspect of this thinking should be "the southern origin of the development of traditional China thought", including (1) the "southernization" of Confucianism, (2) Buddhism and Buddhism in the southern region, and (3) the southern origin and evolution of Taoism, a local religion in China. These problems haven’t been considered yet, but in 2010, I wrote an article "Textual Research on the Inscriptions of Thousand Buddhas and Stone Pagodas in Wenzhou Longwan Guoan Temple in Song Dynasty", which is considered as the beginning of research in this field, and I can’t say what I have learned.

Most of the ideas mentioned here have not been put into practice, and they should be adjusted or even greatly changed in the future research. But in the next ten years, I will probably continue to explore along the direction and logic mentioned in this article, hoping to gradually form some mature and meaningful understandings.

This article was originally published by Professor Rusic, People, Settlements and Regions: A Preliminary Study on the History and Geography of Middle Ages South (Xiamen University Press, 2012), and was transferred from "Reading with Writing" with the original title of "The Southern Context of China History". Limited by space, the content is slightly revised. The picture comes from the internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it. Personal sharing is welcome, please contact the copyright party for media reprinting.

Original title: "Rediscovering the South: Another Road Behind China’s Historical Doubt | Cultural Horizon"

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　　Source: State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council

　　Since the implementation of the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, the leading groups of state-owned enterprise reform in various places have promoted the reform in an all-round way and made many breakthroughs. At present, the progress of completing the main tasks of the three-year reform of local state-owned enterprises has exceeded 90%. In 2021, the total assets of local SASAC-supervised enterprises reached 183.7 trillion yuan, with operating income and net profit reaching 35.4 trillion yuan and 1.5 trillion yuan respectively, up by 19% and 27.4% respectively, and the economic benefits reached the best level in history.

　　What experiences and practices have been formed and what positive progress has been made in the reform of local state-owned enterprises? A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Baotou Steel, Guangzhou Automobile and Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics.

　　— — Editor

　　Baotou Steel (Group) Company — —

　　Follow the market rules and enhance endogenous power

　　Our reporter Liu Zhiqiang.

　　In February, 2021, we installed ammonium sulfate intelligent manufacturing electrical equipment independently, saving 28,168 yuan; In November 2021, the desulfurization cable was repaired, saving 15,090 yuan; In total, the annual savings exceeded 1 million yuan … … A table records in detail the cost reduction effect of industrial control network section of coal coke chemical branch of Baotou Steel in 2021. "Get started by yourself, repair the old and waste, and repair the equipment, both ‘ Hey ’ Out of the cost, it also makes the work more fulfilling. " Xing Gang, section chief of the industrial control network, said.

　　Reduce financial costs, manufacturing costs, logistics costs, and labor costs, and improve asset operation efficiency and work efficiency. Since 2019, Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. has started to implement the "four reductions and two lifts" project, clarifying tasks step by step and post by post, with full participation, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and reducing various costs by more than 9 billion yuan.

　　"There is pressure and more motivation." In Xing Gang’s view, reducing costs and increasing efficiency can be implemented, behind which the incentive mechanism has improved the enthusiasm of employees. "Everyone has reduced costs by optimizing production processes and eliminating hidden dangers of equipment, and will receive special rewards, which is also conducive to promoting ranks and improving salaries."

　　As an old state-owned enterprise with a history of more than 60 years, Baotou Steel once fell into huge losses around 2016. During the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, Baotou Steel, under the guidance of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, made a "combination boxing" of the reform of slimming, reducing costs and increasing efficiency and strategic transformation, and gradually turned losses into profits and got out of the predicament. In 2021, Baotou Steel achieved an operating income of 126.036 billion yuan and a profit of 10.36 billion yuan, increasing by 44.75% and 579.19% respectively compared with 2018, and all indicators reached the best level in history, becoming the first state-owned supervision enterprise in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with a revenue exceeding 100 billion yuan.

　　"Being in a completely competitive industry, Baotou Steel must take greater reforms and touch deeper contradictions if it wants to turn losses into difficulties." Wei Shuanshi, secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Baotou Steel (Group) Company, believes that the essence of reform is to follow the laws of the market and let the market-oriented mechanism really play its role.

　　On the one hand, we should lose weight and keep fit, deal with difficulties and do a good job of "subtraction" in resource allocation to enhance market competitiveness.

　　In recent years, Baotou Steel has disposed of eight "zombie enterprises" by taking measures such as asset reorganization, property right transfer and bankruptcy, involving assets of 1.49 billion yuan. At the same time, scientifically dispose of inefficient and ineffective assets and classify idle assets. Since 2016, 402 idle assets have been publicly disposed of through the market-oriented property rights trading platform, with an asset appreciation of more than 32 million yuan. At the same time, we will build a more advanced and environmentally friendly production line, and Baotou Steel will steadily realize transformation and upgrading.

　　On the other hand, optimize incentives, scientifically decentralize, and do a good job of "addition" in endogenous motivation to enhance the development potential of enterprises.

　　In November, 2021, researchers of Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, a subsidiary of Baotou Steel, welcomed good news: the research institute appraised the technical achievements of "Rare Earth PVC Heat Stabilizer" at a price of 12.75 million yuan, and established a joint venture of Northern Rare Earth Ruihong Company, and 70% of the equity formed by the technology was awarded to the researchers. "In addition to equity incentives, there are short-term timely rewards for achievements, dividend incentives for achievements transformation, and differentiated salary mechanisms and scientific research projects ‘ Reveal the list ’ The mechanism and incentives are more and more perfect. " Li Bo, vice president of Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, said.

　　While stimulating the enthusiasm of researchers, Baotou Steel also decentralized all units to introduce high-level talents on their own, especially those who are in urgent need of enterprise development. In 2021, Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute established Hangzhou Branch with the support of the Group to create a "talent enclave". "Establishing a branch can not only strengthen the docking cooperation with local universities and scientific research institutions, but also effectively solve the problem of attracting talents." Li Bo told reporters that in the past two years, the branch has attracted many high-level talents to join. "In December last year, we successfully hired high-end talents in the rare earth industry and professors from Zhejiang University to strictly serve as the dean of the Rare Earth Research Institute, realizing the professionalization of cadres."

　　Ability determines position, efficiency determines employment, and contribution determines salary. In recent years, Baotou Steel has carried out three institutional reforms to comprehensively enhance the endogenous motivation of enterprises — —

　　Let cadres go up and down. In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we took the lead in pushing forward the market-oriented hiring and contractual management, took out 53 full-time posts and 178 deputy posts, openly recruited talents to attract talents to the society, signed letters of responsibility with managers of 100 holding subsidiaries, and set contractual indicators scientifically and reasonably.

　　Let employees get in and out. Improve the differentiated assessment and evaluation mechanism, implement rigid withdrawal for incompetent people, and terminate labor contracts for those who violate discipline and law.

　　Let the income increase and decrease. The salary distribution highlights the marketization in an all-round way, instead of simply "looking at status" and "looking at rank". The monthly income of employees fluctuates by more than 10%, and the salary gap of middle-level cadres reaches nearly 8 times. Since 2016, the income of employees on the job has increased by 62%.

　　"Through reform, Baotou Steel has gradually embarked on a benign development track and has the conditions and foundation to move towards a higher level. In the next step, we must step by step to deepen the reform and make continuous progress towards the goal of building a first-class domestic enterprise. " Wei Shuanshi said.

　　Guangzhou Automobile Group — —

　　Perfecting governance mechanism and enhancing competitive strength

　　Our reporter Wang Zheng

　　Recently, Guangzhou Automobile’s reform measures have been frequent: 794 important technicians and management personnel have been included in the scope of employee equity incentives, accounting for about 20%; At the same time, strategic investors such as Chengtong Group and Nanwang Kinetic Energy were introduced, raising 2.566 billion yuan, laying the foundation for completing the A round of financing and shareholding system reform before the third quarter of this year.

　　"Establishing a more market-oriented corporate governance structure, a more competitive equity structure and a long-term incentive mechanism to fully stimulate the vitality of enterprises and the enthusiasm of employees is the main purpose of GAC Ai’ an to carry out mixed ownership reform." The relevant person in charge of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. said.

　　In recent years, Guangzhou Automobile Group, as the first large state-controlled automobile group with A+H shares listed as a whole in China, has continued to exert its efforts in the new corporate governance mechanism and actively explored the construction of modern enterprise system with China characteristics.

　　— — Strengthen the board of directors and forge the main body of corporate governance decision-making.

　　How to promote the diversified sources, reasonable structure, effective checks and balances and efficient operation of the board of directors is a major issue in the construction of modern enterprise system of Guangzhou Automobile Group.

　　In order to build an excellent board of directors, Guangzhou Automobile Group strengthened the top-level design and improved the system of selecting and appointing directors. Broaden the channels of talent introduction and establish a talent pool for directors; Insist on selecting the best among the best and strictly screen directors. At present, among the group’s 11 directors, 3 external directors are senior executives in the automobile industry and finance nominated by minority shareholders, and 4 independent directors are well-known experts in the fields of law, financial accounting and strategic management at home and abroad. At the same time, the Group has also established a team of 160 external directors, and promoted all the 108 subsidiaries at all levels included in the scope of construction to set up boards of directors, with 100% external directors in the majority.

　　In order to strengthen the protection of directors’ performance of duties and fully implement the functions and powers of the board of directors, Guangzhou Automobile Group has improved relevant systems, established a follow-up feedback mechanism for directors’ opinions, and formulated measures for the management of funds of the board of directors to provide a strong guarantee for directors to perform their duties. Implement the major decision-making power of the board of directors, give play to the role of the four special committees under the board of directors, namely, strategy, audit, remuneration and assessment, and nomination, and ensure that the decision-making power and supervision power of the board of directors are implemented.

　　— — Promote the reform of professional managers and transform the governance mechanism.

　　How to establish a more market-oriented selection and employment mechanism through the implementation of professional manager pilot at the group level is another major issue for Guangzhou Automobile Group to cope with fierce market competition.

　　In July 2018, Guangzhou Automobile Group became the first state-owned enterprise in Guangzhou to implement the reform of professional managers, and successively completed the selection and appointment of eight professional managers in three batches by means of internal transfer and open recruitment. On April 2 this year, the Group openly recruited three deputy general managers for the society, which achieved a new breakthrough in the reform of professional managers of the Group.

　　Through the reform of professional managers, Guangzhou Automobile Group has made it clear that the investment of major projects under 500 million yuan in the business plan will be decided by the management, and 27 general managers and 7 deputy managers will exercise their functions and powers, giving the management the right to operate independently more flexibly and quickly in response to market changes.

　　Guangzhou Automobile Group has also established a selection, employment and distribution system of "being able to enter and exit, being able to go up and down, and being able to have high energy and low energy" at the management level, formulated a salary management mechanism of "double benchmarking of salary and performance, combining short-term and long-term", and strictly implemented the rigid payment principle of "performance up, salary up, performance down and salary down", the market-oriented salary distribution principle of "incremental performance and incremental salary" and the differentiated post salary principle. At the same time, improve the medium and long-term incentive mechanism. In 2020, professional managers will be granted stock options and restricted shares totaling 3.5 million shares.

　　In recent years, the construction of modern enterprise system with China characteristics has led Guangzhou Automobile Group to achieve high-quality development. In 2021, Guangzhou Automobile Group achieved a revenue of 429.8 billion yuan and a total profit of 26.2 billion yuan, ranking 176th among the world’s top 500 enterprises. 1-mdash this year; In April, the cumulative sales of two independent brands, Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi and Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an, were 111,000 and 55,000 respectively, up by 10.6% and 112.6% respectively.

　　Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics — —

　　Changing R&D Mode and Stimulating Innovation Vitality

　　Our reporter Zhang Danhua

　　Walking into the exhibition hall of Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics Co., Ltd., a blue communication hat stands out. Not long ago, the astronaut Shenzhou XIII who returned to Earth was wearing this comfortable elastic net cap. "When the astronauts were out of the cabin, the communication cap and voice device of the spacesuit we developed played a key role." Song Tao, chairman of Fiberhome Electronics, told the reporter that the astronauts’ communication caps and voice processing devices are wrapped in spacesuits. Through voice signal processing, active noise reduction and other technologies, the noise inside spacesuits can be overcome, allowing astronauts to pick up and receive voice more clearly.

　　High-tech products can not be separated from the positive contributions of scientific researchers. Since the implementation of the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, Fiberhome Electronics, a subsidiary of Shaanxi Electronic Information Group, has actively explored new modes of scientific research management and taken various measures to stimulate the vitality of scientific research teams.

　　"Before the reform, the biggest problem we faced was the shortage of talents." The enterprise is located in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, and some well-known college graduates are reluctant to come to work, which once made Song Tao a headache.

　　"Where talents are willing to work, we will build the R&D center." In order to attract more outstanding scientific research talents, Fiberhome Electronics has established a research and development center in Zhongguancun Integrated Circuit Industrial Park, Beijing, forming a research center based on Beijing — Xi ‘an — Baoji-based R&D strategic layout has also established special scientific research centers in Chengdu, Nanjing, Guangzhou and other places, which has attracted high-tech talents to become an important force for enterprise innovation.

　　While improving the layout, Fiberhome Electronics has also changed the traditional management mode of scientific research projects, and stimulated the innovative vitality of scientific researchers through the project manager responsibility system.

　　According to reports, in the traditional R&D model, the technical chief, as the first person in charge of the project, looks for technology applications needed by the market, and then the R&D center is responsible for technical research. The R&D team is only responsible for technology, and does not undertake the functions of market and finance. Sometimes, there is a problem of low willingness to cooperate with the technical chief engineer, and it cannot respond to the market demand quickly.

　　Different from the traditional research and development model, the project manager responsibility system takes the scientific research project manager as the core. Both the technical chief engineer and the R&D personnel can become the first responsible person of the project through the mechanism of "revealing the list and taking the lead" after accurately positioning the market demand, and sign the responsibility letter of the project objectives with the company to clarify the rights and responsibilities. In this way, the project manager is given the autonomy of team building, project performance evaluation and reward distribution, actively responds to customer needs externally, and is responsible for product research and development internally, forming a flat organizational system with multiple functions.

　　"The traditional mode is vertical management, and I have to ask for instructions in every detail. My phone keeps ringing all day. Since the implementation of the project manager system, my mobile phone has been quiet. " Song Tao laughed.

　　Company executives received less instructions, but the innovation vitality of grass-roots scientific research institutions was more sufficient. At the beginning of 2021, after the overall project of Fiberhome Electronic Joint Search and Rescue System was launched, the project manager of "Revealing the List" set up a project team of more than 10 people from the "resource pool" of the company’s R&D center. After that, the project team successfully bid for the outside world, and everyone worked hard together. "After the successful bidding, the company gave the team a reward of 700,000 yuan in accordance with relevant regulations. I look forward to a good profit after the project is completed, so there will be more income. " The project manager said.

　　Effective incentives come from scientific mechanisms. During the three-year operation, Fiberhome Electronics broke the "big pot" and divided the salary of researchers into three items: basic salary, performance and profit commission after the completion of the project, of which the latter two items were all linked to the scientific research projects undertaken by individuals, and "the bottom is not covered, and the top is not capped", realizing the transformation from "paying wages" to "earning wages". In 2021, the salary gap of R&D personnel in the company widened to seven times, and some R&D personnel were paid more than company executives.

　　Deepen the reform, so that the innovation vitality of scientific research personnel is full of generate, and Fiberhome Electronics has also gained innovative achievements such as joint search and rescue system and a certain life-saving radio station. In the past three years, the company has been granted 107 patents, including 43 invention patents and 4 national standards, and has also been successfully selected as a single champion enterprise in Shaanxi Province.

　　The security of Northeast Asia is in a complicated state of high stalemate and sudden change, and in the turbulent vortex of global geopolitics. The author intends to extract several key variables, namely capital, power and the relationship between major powers, from many issues and elements related to the security dilemma in Northeast Asia, and investigate and analyze them.

　　Capital is constantly alienated

　　Marx repeatedly mentioned the alienation of capital to labor and capital in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844, which provided us with a scientific and effective window to understand the essential characteristics of the capital world.

　　After World War II, the world economic crisis similar to that in 1929 was not repeated, and the cyclical and staged crises of capital development were no longer so obvious. Even though the global financial tsunami occurred in 2008, it did not lead to the global economic depression. The main reasons are the self-repair mechanism of the capital world and the high-intensity human intervention after the system failed.

　　However, after 2008, although human intervention effectively delayed the outbreak of the crisis on a global scale, the crisis has not been cured, but on the contrary, it is accumulating risks for the next crisis, so human society has entered a huge uncertain era.

　　The reason why the current world is chaotic and full of conflicts and opposites is because the underlying logic of the world economy, namely capital logic, has undergone profound changes, namely capital alienation. Due to the constant alienation of capital, capital is alienated from the creator of wealth to the destroyer of wealth, from advocating interdependence to a hobby of conflict and war, from dependence on people’s needs to a crazy preference for military supplies, from hope and enthusiastic cheers for tomorrow to fear, despair and hostility for tomorrow.

　　The disorder of the logic at the bottom of the world economy is constantly producing spillover effects, from economic crisis to social crisis, political crisis and international relations crisis at the regional and global levels. Under the impact of this storm of the times, those areas with long-standing problems left over from history, high concentration of various relationships and contradictions and very sensitive areas are most likely to become hot spots, as well as explosive and flammable areas of conflicts and wars.

　　Northeast Asia, which has all the above characteristics, has therefore become the eye of the storm and the frontier of geopolitical conflicts in various times. How to solve the problem of various crises, including regional crises, caused by capital alienation is a major issue related to human development.

　　Power moves eastward again.

　　According to the British economist Angus Madison’s estimation of gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries in history, as early as 1000 AD, China and India accounted for two-thirds of the global economy, and the global economic center of gravity occupied a solid position in the East at that time. After more than 800 years, with the arrival of the British industrial revolution, the economic center of gravity began to shift to Europe, and then to North America, and the west became the center of the world. But Angus Madison believes that the global economic center of gravity is rapidly shifting to the east and south, and by 2025, the global economic center of gravity will return to the Far East as it did in 1000 AD.

　　In the 1980s, human society kicked off the shift of the center of world power to the East, and Asian countries and regions rose one after another: Japan, the "four little dragons" and "four little tigers" in Asia, China, Viet Nam and India … … In particular, the rapid rise of China has promoted the development of the Asian region to an unprecedented height, and Asia has begun to enter a new era of overall rise.

　　However, the eastward shift of world power is not smooth sailing, but accompanied by huge obstacles, resistance and risks. We can see that the process of world power moving eastward is still stubbornly evolving, which has not been interrupted by the epidemic and the comprehensive suppression of China by the United States. However, American and Western forces do not want to see the power moving eastward at an accelerated pace, thus ending the era when the West dominated the world. To this end, they began to join hands and start a global layout. Whether it is putting forward the "Indo-Pacific Strategy", NATO’s eastward expansion, the rise of various military alliances, or the prediction of the new cold war, etc., it is the product of western international politics under the background of the eastward shift of power, which is intended to comprehensively contain, block, delay or even terminate this historical process and move against the trend of the times.

　　Northeast Asia, as the strategic support for the rise of the great powers in the East, has become the forefront of the East-West confrontation in the process of power moving eastward. The Korean Peninsula issue, the Taiwan Strait issue and the South China Sea issue have emerged one after another, all of which have become the fuse of confrontation and conflict between the East and the West, even the powder keg.

　　At present, people are most worried about whether the Korean Peninsula or the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea will become the next new battlefield after the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and whether the new Cold War Iron Curtain with the theme of so-called autocracy and democracy defined by the West will really come.

　　Northeast Asia is under great pressure brought by the eastward shift of power, and the security situation is very grim. How to resolve the opposition and conflict between civilizations is a major issue of the times related to the future direction of human civilization.

　　Adjustment of relations between major powers

　　Northeast Asia is the intersection of the interests and contradictions of the United States, China, Russia and Japan. Under the great changes in the past century, the balance of power in the relations between world powers is undergoing major changes. The changes of power relations among big powers, the conflicts of interests among big powers and the strategic adjustment of their relations have become important variables for the security of Northeast Asia.

　　In particular, Sino-US relations, as the most important relationship in today’s world power structure, are profoundly affecting the trend of global geopolitics and promoting the transformation of the world pattern. The trend of Sino-US relations plays an important role in the security of Northeast Asia.

　　At present, Sino-US relations are in the process of deep strategic adjustment, and the security situation in Northeast Asia will also be turbulent due to this, and the future trend will be confusing. It is not ruled out that there will be a tense situation in stages. However, with the gradual adjustment of Sino-US relations or staged easing, the security situation in Northeast Asia will also change accordingly.

　　Therefore, the security of Northeast Asia depends to a great extent on the adjustment of relations between major powers, especially Sino-US relations. How to resolve the crisis of relations between major powers is a major issue of the times related to human security.

　　So, how can we resolve these contradictions?

　　The supreme leader of president, China, put forward three major initiatives to the world one after another, which are highly targeted to overcome the factors that aggravate the security dilemma in Northeast Asia. For example, global development initiatives can resolve the fission of the times caused by capital alienation; The global civilization initiative can resolve the mutual agitation between eastern and western civilizations brought about by the eastward shift of power; The global security initiative can resolve the geopolitical opposition and conflict brought about by the big country game.

　　(Wu Xinbo is the director and professor of the East Asian Studies Center of Shanghai International Studies University)

Cctv news "The cause of flowers is noble, and the cause of fruits is sweet. Let me do the cause of leaves, because the cause of leaves is ordinary and humble." This is Hugo’s words quoted by Cao Zhengyun, and it is also a portrayal of his 40-year teaching career.

In 1967, he came from Beijing to Pingshun to jump the queue, which made his home here. In 1976, he became a teacher in Pingshun Middle School. In 40 years, he gave up the opportunity to return to Beijing, stuck to this barren and simple land, and devoted all his youth to this beautiful county, from black-haired youth to white-haired old man, just for the dream of Yuanshanliwa flying out of the mountains.

At that time, how difficult it was for Shanliwa to enter the university! When sixty pairs of intense eyes stared at him from the audience, Cao Zhengyun clearly read that it was a desire to get out of the mountains, a trust entrusted by future and happiness. That year, the whole class he took got good grades: student Chen Chunxi missed Peking University by 2 points and was admitted to Beihang University. The number of students in the whole class who reached the second line doubled compared with the previous year.

In September 2004, Cao Zhengyun, who served as the office director and Chinese teacher of Pingshun Middle School for more than 20 years, retired from the middle-level leadership position. The school continues to arrange for him to take the place of senior three, and the workload is even greater than that of young people. Cao Zhengyun, who is over 60 years old, is as energetic as ever, and his spirit is even better than that of that year, just as he discussed with students and classmates more than 30 years ago. His students were admitted to Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Shiyou University, China Geo University, beijing university of chemical technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Yanshan University, Dalian Maritime University, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University and other famous universities.

For decades, how many students Cao Zhengyun has taught, he can’t remember. Far away from the other side of the ocean, among the doctoral students of Stanford University, a famous American institution of higher learning, there are his carefully cultivated seedlings, and the students he personally instructed at the vast Gobi Desert missile launch base are vigorous …

Cao Zhengyun has no grandiloquence. He knows that Smooth lacks talents and needs talents. Smooth and poor, the government has difficulties, and schools have difficulties. Sharing worries for the party and relieving difficulties for the people, Communist party member should do its part.

There have been several schools that paid a lot of money to poach him, and even relatives, "San Gu Cao Lu", advised him to quit, but Cao Zhengyun declined gracefully. In his view, no matter how high the remuneration and thick the treatment are, they can’t compare with the sincere and simple greetings from all directions on Teacher’s Day.

Not moved by poverty or wealth, Cao Zhengyun stuck to a teacher’s pure initial heart for 40 years, burning himself and illuminating Shanliwa’s dream road. What he shows is the dedication and loftiness of a real teacher. Let’s say to him sincerely: Thank you!

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chongqing, February 18th　Title: Make the water clearer and the fish happier — — Protection of rare fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhang Guilin, Zhou Wenchong and Lin Bifeng

　　"In the past two years, there have been more and more fish in the river, and fish species that were rare in the past can often be monitored." Liu Hong, a fish keeper in Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, stood at the stern and looked at the misty Yangtze River. From time to time, fish jumped out of the water.

　　The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are the spawning grounds and gene bank of germplasm resources of rare and endemic fish such as Yangtze sturgeon, mullet and rock carp. However, for a period of time, rare and endemic fish were once faced with survival crisis due to the destruction of ecological environment such as sewage discharge, overfishing, dredging and quarrying. In recent years, with the deepening of "joint protection and no development" in the Yangtze River basin, the ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been greatly improved, the total amount of fish resources has been accelerated, and more and more rare and endemic fish have reappeared in the river.

　　The water is getting smoother and smoother, and rare fish are seen again.

　　"In the special monitoring carried out last year, we caught the national second-class protected wild animal rock carp almost every day. But a few years ago, I couldn’t get one in a year. " Since 2005, Yao Weizhi, director of the Fishery Resources and Environment Research Center of Southwest University, and his research team have been tracking and monitoring the fish resources in the national nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Comparing the catch of a research fishing boat in one day is an important means for the research team to investigate the changes of fish resources. Yao Weizhi said that since the opening of the Yangtze River Protection in 2016, the total fish resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have obviously recovered, the population structure has been improved, and the frequency of rare and endemic fish has also increased. Last year, the research team also found 33 Yangtze sturgeons in Dingjiatuo fish spawning ground in the Yangtze River.

The staff recorded the monitoring situation at the Yudong Ecological Observation Point in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province (photo taken on January 11, 2022). Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Bifeng photo

　　In Chishui River, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, rare and endemic fish also frequently appear. Walking into the ecological observation point of Yudong, Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, the slogan "Clear water every day, fish every year" was particularly eye-catching, and Yao Mingchang, a staff member, was busy recording the monitoring situation. At the beginning of 2022, four kinds of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely Schizothorax kunming, Schizothorax szechuanensis, Cremastodon latissimus and Loach bainite, were observed at the Yudong ecological observation point.

　　Jia Shipeng, deputy director of the Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, said that the number of fish species monitored in the Yunnan section of the Chishui River Basin has recovered from 36 in 2020 to 42 at present. Among them, the age of indicative species and dominant species groups such as Schizothorax Kunming and Hymenoptera yunnanensis is increasingly optimized, and the proportion of sexually mature fish in the catch is increasing; The number and proportion of medium-sized and large-sized fish sensitive to environmental pressure in the monitored catch increased significantly, "this shows that the recovery of fish biodiversity in the Yunnan section of Chishui River shows a good trend".

　　The return of rare and endemic fish is inseparable from the protection and restoration of fish habitats in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Since 2020, Zhaotong City has completely dismantled the dams of 17 small hydropower stations in Yunnan section of Chishui River, restored river connectivity, and made fish migration channels smoother.

　　Illegal docks and illegal sand mining, which pose a great threat to the spawning grounds of rare fish, have also been included in the focus of rectification. Wang Wei, director of the management office of Chongqing National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish, said that in recent years, the Chongqing section of the reserve has regularly carried out work such as ship cleaning, net cleaning, Qingjiang River cleaning and shore cleaning, and timely curbed the illegal and illegal signs such as sewage discharge, shoreline occupation and river construction, and continued to maintain rectification results.

　　After years of continuous management and restoration, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are now gradually showing a beautiful scene of birds flying and fish jumping and green scenery on the shore.

　　Fishing is forbidden to protect fish, and fish have a safe home.

　　

Liu Hong (right), the captain of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team, led the team members to patrol the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing (photo taken on September 2, 2022). Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　Liu Hong, who grew up along the Yangtze River, is now back on the Yangtze River. However, his status has changed from "fisherman" and ancient building repairer to "fish keeper".

On February 7, 2023, members of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team patrolled the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing (photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　In 2014, with the support of the local government, Liu Hong set up the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team to lead dozens of fishermen and volunteers to conduct voluntary inspections along the Yangtze River in Jiangjin, Chongqing, his hometown, to help law enforcement agencies stop illegal fishing. "In the years before the establishment of the fish protection volunteer team, criminals were rampant in electric fishing, and fishermen often failed to catch a few kilograms of fish a day." Liu Hong said.

　　Suijiang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province launched a patrol operation against fishing (photo taken on December 31, 2020). Xinhua news agency

　　Overfishing was once an important factor endangering the survival of fish in the Yangtze River. To this end, as early as 2017, the Chishui River Basin took the lead in opening the no-fishing mode. Since January 2020, the national nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has completely banned productive fishing. A year later, the "ten-year fishing ban" in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin was fully launched. The regulatory authorities in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River vigorously cracked down on illegal fishing, and fishermen along the Yangtze River retreated to shore one after another, making rare fish have a safer home.

　　In the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, the retired fishermen of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team took advantage of their familiarity with fish conditions and skillful sailing skills, and were responsible for water patrol and night patrol. The local regulatory authorities installed 25 video surveillance equipment on the riverbank, basically realizing the "synchronization of civil air defense technology and defense". In zhutuo town, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, the police office, law enforcement station and patrol station were jointly set up by the Yangtze River shipping public security, agricultural comprehensive administrative law enforcement and nature reserves to carry out normalized joint supervision, and illegal and criminal acts such as electric fishing and poaching were effectively curbed. In the main tributaries of Chishui River, no fishing and fish protection have also achieved grid management.

　　This is the scenery of Zhongba Island in Chongqing (photo taken on January 7, 2020, photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Yushe

　　Many residents of Zhongba Island, the first island where the Yangtze River enters Chongqing, have been fishing for generations. Today, all fishermen on the island have completed the retreat and changed production. Zhao Lianglu, a retired fisherman, planted sugar cane on the island and started a transportation business with an annual income of nearly 60,000 yuan. In May last year, Zhongba Island also established the Sichuan-Chongqing Judicial Cooperation Ecological Protection Base, a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Inter-provincial joint management mechanism has made the serious border waters stolen in the past a "safe haven" for rare fish.

　　The ecological awareness and the concept of rule of law of the people along the Yangtze River have also been constantly improved. Shen Rui, director of Zhenxiong Management and Protection Station of Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau, a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, said that since the launch of the "10-year ban on fishing", the management and protection station has made great efforts to strengthen the publicity of the ban on fishing and fishing, and jointly issued more than 200,000 copies of the "10-year ban on fishing" notice and posted notices of the ban on fishing in 14 towns and villages on both sides of the Chishui River. Ma Banghui, a 42-year-old villager from Cangshang Village, Hualang Township, Zhenxiong County, said that the village has formulated village rules and regulations to protect the Chishui River, and now it has become the conscious behavior of the masses to ban fishing and protect fish.

　　Breeding fish proliferates, allowing more rare fish to regenerate.

　　Despite the increasing protection, the existing populations of some rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are still limited, and it is difficult for some fish to continue and expand their populations only by natural reproduction. In this regard, the government departments along the Yangtze River have cooperated with universities, colleges and leading enterprises to carry out artificial breeding of rare and endemic fish, and at the same time continue to increase the proliferation and release of rare fish to help them achieve new life.

This is the rare fish domestication base in the Three Gorges reservoir area (photo taken on February 25, 2022, drone photo). Xinhua News Agency reporter Tang Yushe

　　Chongqing Wanzhou Fisheries Research Institute, located in the Three Gorges reservoir area, successfully realized the artificial propagation of Myxocyprinus asiaticus in 1970s. After years of scientific research and practice, it has built a national original seed farm for Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Over the past 10 years, this research institute has put more than 70 million rare fry into the Three Gorges reservoir area. At present, Wanzhou Fisheries Research Institute reserves more than 100 parents of Acipenser Changjiang, a national first-class protected animal, and is strengthening research to further improve the artificial reproduction ability of Acipenser Changjiang and help its population recover.

The proliferation and release activities of Yunnan section of the national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were held in Shuifu City, Yunnan Province (photo taken on April 23, 2021). Xinhua news agency

　　"Proliferation and release can supplement and restore the population of fish resources, improve the fish population structure, and at the same time improve the level of biodiversity." Jia Shipeng introduced that since the establishment of the Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2019, a targeted plan for the proliferation and release of the reserve has been formulated, and 308,900 fry of national first-and second-class protected wild animals such as Yangtze sturgeon, mullet and Jinsha carp have been released, and 969,700 fry of Spinibarbus sinensis, Schizothorax Kunming and Yunnan smooth-lipped fish have been released.

　　This is an artificial fish nest photographed on the bank of Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing on February 7, 2023. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　During the spawning period, artificial fish nests are also built in various places along the Yangtze River to provide places for fish to breed, grow and seek bait, so as to help restore fish resources. In 2021 and 2022, the management department respectively built 6,000 square meters and 7,000 square meters artificial fish nests in Shaonvping section of Xiangjiaba Reservoir Area in Shuifu City, Yunnan Province. The monitoring results show that in 2021, the actual number of eggs laid in artificial fish nests was more than 150 million, and in 2022, the number of eggs laid and the rate of hatching increased, effectively improving the population structure and quantity of wild fish. This year, Shuifu City has started to build the third batch of artificial fish nests.

　　After continuous clean water, fish protection and fish breeding, the recovery of some rare fish populations has gradually ushered in the dawn. In the Sanpaohe section of Jiangjin, Chongqing, the riverbank damaged by sand excavation and quarrying in the past has achieved remarkable results in natural restoration through recuperation in recent years. "With the improvement of ecological environment and hydrological conditions, it may become a wild spawning ground for rare fish such as Yangtze sturgeon in the future. We will continue to observe and prepare for the return of breeding groups." Yao Weizhi said.

　　Video reporters: Zhao Xiaoshuai, Lin Bifeng, Long Wu.

　　Poster design: Excellence

When the sea flows, heroes come forth in large numbers.

A sudden epidemic in COVID-19 made us know a group of ordinary and extraordinary people. In the fierce epidemic, they stood up with the courage to give up; Under the difficult test, they courageously retrogressed with determination and determination.

They are known as the anchor in the fog of the epidemic, as the captain at the helm of the ship fighting the epidemic, as the white soldiers fighting the virus, as the universal guardians in the closed community, and as the firefighters in the national war.

They are fighting fire and warm light.

"You are messengers of light, messengers of hope, the most beautiful angels and real heroes!" The praise of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary expressed the respect of the whole society for fighting against the epidemic hero.

Let’s pay tribute to the cutest person in the new era!

Cross the sea and see the true colors.

The epidemic is fierce and the hero moves forward.

There are such a group of brave soldiers who are the first to go to the anti-epidemic battlefield. They are no longer youthful, but let the years shine with the light of youth forever; They rushed into a war without smoke, but they were the "most terrible opponents" on the battlefield.

This group of brave soldiers, including academicians Zhong Nanshan, Li Lanjuan, Wang Chen, Chen Wei, Qiao Jie, Zhang Boli, Huang Luqi, and Tong Xiaolin … They shoulder the mission, bear the burden, and charge the epidemic.

No ticket can be remembered by Chinese people like this high-speed rail ticket-the departure time is January 18, 2020, starting from Guangzhou South Railway Station and ending at Wuhan Station; No seat, make up the ticket; The ID number shows that he was born in 1936 and the passenger is 84 years old!

Academician Zhong Nanshan returned to Guangzhou after rescuing patients in Shenzhen that day, and was informed by the National Health and Wellness Commission to rush to Wuhan at noon. As the high-speed rail ticket has been sold out, he was settled in the corner of the dining car when he got on the bus temporarily. From this, there is another unforgettable photo for Chinese people-on the high-speed rail dining car, the old man closed his eyes, leaned his head on the back of the chair, and his face was full of fatigue.

As early as 17 years ago, when fighting against SARS, Academician Zhong Nanshan rushed to the forefront; Seventeen years later, although he was 84 years old, he went out again, and he was as sharp as before.

"There must be human-to-human transmission", "There are medical personnel infected" and "Don’t go to Wuhan without special circumstances" … It is this insight and outspoken old man who has sounded the alarm of prevention and control in the whole society and promoted the rapid change of epidemic prevention and control.

Participate in ward rounds, guide treatment, online consultation, judge the epidemic situation, and have video communication with international experts … Academician Zhong Nanshan is busy every day in the days of anti-epidemic.

Ms. Peng, a patient from COVID-19, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, terminated her pregnancy after 35 weeks of pregnancy. She suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction, etc. in the following two months, and was critically ill for many times, with ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest for 40 seconds.

In order to save her life, Academician Zhong Nanshan participated in the remote consultation. Under his guidance, Ms. Peng finally turned the corner. "It was a close call, thanks to the care of the medical staff and everyone." On March 31st, this critically ill pregnant woman in COVID-19, Zhongshan, who worried Academician Zhong Nanshan, finally ended the isolation and went home after two months of rescue.

"Vulcan Mountain, Raytheon Mountain, Zhong Nanshan, and the three mountains have gathered together to overcome difficulties; Domestic donations, overseas donations, Li Lanjuan, and many donations have come to the road. " This pair of popular couplets, the first part says that the person is Zhong Nanshan, and the second part says that it is a "goddess".

At 9: 00 on March 31st, the medical team of Academician Li Lanjuan, who had been in Wuhan for 58 days, set foot on the way back. When entering the waiting hall of Wuhan Tianhe Airport, hundreds of people at the scene shouted to 73-year-old Academician Li Lanjuan: "Goddess!" "goddess!"

"Goddess" is well deserved! When the epidemic situation was still confusing, she and a group of experts rushed to Wuhan to make a decisive suggestion for Wuhan to press the "pause button" through on-the-spot research on the epidemic situation.

Later, she led a team to recruit Wuhan again, "going to a place with severe illness", which greatly improved the success rate of treatment for critically ill patients. When inspecting the ward, Li Lanjuan often holds the patient’s hand and says, "Hold on, come on!" Send love and hope to patients and people who see and hear this scene.

Academician Li Lanjuan has a picture of a smile that has been circulated all over the network, and the clear indentation of the protective mask on his face has touched countless people. This photo was taken after she took off her protective clothing and mask at the East Campus of Wuhan University People’s Hospital. The indentation on the face is affectionately called "angel mark". Some people say that this smile gives people confidence and encouragement, which means hope and victory; Some people say that the indentation on this face is the "medal" of the ancient and rare old people who are rushing to the front line, and it is also a thrilling responsibility.

Many people may not have heard the name of Academician Chen Wei, but if you have seen Wolf Warriors 2, you will know that she is the prototype of Dr. Chen. In 2003, team Chen Wei took the lead in identifying the culprit of SARS in China. What makes her famous all over the world is that in 2014, she led the team to successfully develop the world’s first new genetic vaccine against Ebola virus, which is known as the "Ebola nemesis".

On the evening of March 3, a photo misunderstood by goodwill and good wishes was widely circulated on the Internet. In this picture with the caption "The first shot of vaccine, the academician tries first", Academician Chen Wei of the Institute of Military Medicine of the Academy of Military Sciences is sticking out his left upper arm for injection. The essay said: "The first Covid-19 vaccine was injected into Academician Chen Wei’s left arm today. Seven party member from the expert group also injected together. "

Some people cheered that the vaccine developed by Academician Chen Wei’s team has entered the clinical stage, but it is not a vaccine injected in the photo, but a drug that enhances immunity injected by Academician Chen Wei before going to Wuhan. Behind the photo, this "tough guy" female major general who went to Hubei to fight the epidemic did not live up to the expectations of the people of the whole country, and indeed wrote a Chinese answer sheet on COVID-19 vaccine development in Jianghan.

On January 26th, on the second day of the first lunar month, 54-year-old Academician Chen Wei led the expert group to Wuhan. Since arriving in Wuhan, she has concentrated on emergency scientific research on vaccine development. At 20: 18 on March 16th, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine developed by Academician Chen Wei was approved to start clinical trials. On March 22nd, the first batch of 108 volunteers were injected with domestic COVID-19 vaccine.

"Treat each other with sincerity, and I’ll leave my courage here this time." This is what Academician Zhang Boli, who has been fighting against the epidemic in Wuhan, said to you after undergoing cholecystectomy.

On January 27th, on the third day of the first lunar month, Academician Zhang Boli, who was guiding epidemic prevention in Tianjin, was ordered to fly to Wuhan. Since then, he has been sticking to Jiangcheng. On February 18, he had to undergo surgery because of an old gallbladder disease caused by overwork. Three days after the operation, he insisted on returning to work.

On March 19th, Academician Zhang Boli, who has been fighting for more than 50 days in Wuhan’s anti-epidemic front, celebrated his 72nd birthday. On the same day, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued a notice saying that all newly confirmed cases, newly suspected cases and existing suspected cases in Wuhan were zero for the first time. Academician Zhang Boli said that this is the best birthday present.

These days, Academician Zhang Boli has held video conferences with foreign experts almost every day to introduce the experience of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 and explore the trend of global epidemic; He put on protective clothing that said "Come on, Lao Zhang" and went to the rehabilitation station to take a pulse for the isolators. He was advised not to fight so hard at your old age. He said: "I really forgot how old I am, regardless of my age."

In the city of Wuhan, there are still many academicians who are at the beginning and the forefront of the fight against the epidemic.

On the afternoon of March 10th, Wuchang Shelter Hospital, the first shelter hospital in Wuhan, was officially closed for 35 days, which also meant that all 16 shelter hospitals in Wuhan were closed. This special hospital, which played a key role in the critical period of epidemic prevention and control in Wuhan, completed their historical mission.

The establishment of Noah’s Ark is inseparable from a key figure-Academician Wang Chen.

On February 1st, Academician Wang Chen rushed to Wuhan and saw the overloaded hospital. After a night of tossing and turning, he first proposed to establish a "shelter hospital" to collect all patients. The voice landed, and the first batch of three shelter hospitals opened after 48 hours. More than 4,000 beds provide a green channel for isolated patients at home. With the addition of more shelter hospitals, the designated hospitals in Wuhan are finally no longer "hard to find a bed", and even completed the counterattack of "beds and others".

"Fangcang Hospital is a key measure to fight the epidemic in Wuhan. I hope this model can enhance the ability of more countries to deal with COVID-19." Academician Wang Chen said in a video connection with his American counterparts.

"I’ll do it!" Hearing the call from the Wuhan front, Qiao Jie, academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of the Third Hospital of Peking University, did not hesitate at all, and rushed to the airport in a few hours. Academician Qiao Jie said: "We just set up a critical care unit with military orders, and we should seize this critical point of treatment, try our best to improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality rate." As the leader of the national medical team in Peking University to aid Hubei to fight the epidemic, Academician Qiao Jie and his colleagues from brother hospitals arrived in Wuhan and quickly set up the first critical care unit. The Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University People’s Hospital and the medical team from Henan jointly undertook the medical treatment task. The whole process only took more than 30 hours. This elegant and warm-looking "female warrior" is called "Iron Man" by colleagues who control the overall situation.

"In addition to the Sino-French New Town Campus in tongji hospital, which we serve ourselves, there are also many critically ill patients in other hospitals who are turning to us and becoming the centralized treatment point for critically ill patients." On March 31st, 137 medical staff of Peking University Third Hospital led by Academician Qiao Jie still insisted on treating critically ill patients in Wuhan.

On January 25th, Huang Luqi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, led the first national TCM medical team to come to Han and entered Jinyintan Hospital, becoming the first TCM medical team to take over the intensive care unit. By March 30th, in Jinyintan Hospital, Academician Huang Luqi had treated 158 patients with severe and critical illness, and 140 patients were cured and discharged. In the latest seventh edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan, the recipe for eliminating dampness and removing toxin developed by his team was included in the recommended prescription for critically ill patients in COVID-19.

As the leader of the national expert group on medical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, Academician Tong Xiaolin visited many hospitals every day during his stay in Wuhan. Everywhere, the first thing to do is to go to the ward to treat patients, ask for advice, look at the tongue and feel the pulse, and never let go of every detail. From New Year’s Eve to Wuhan, Academician Tong Xiaolin has been fighting there for more than two months. He and experts went deep into the community, put forward the idea of moving the treatment gateway to the community, and drew up the "Wuhan anti-epidemic prescription" of traditional Chinese medicine, which played an important role in treating mild diseases and reducing the conversion from mild to severe.

Under the coordination of the Central Steering Group, 10 famous academicians and their teams gathered in Hubei, and most of them fought in Wuhan. They shoulder the mission of the country and the expectations of the people.

"This matter of the country is very important. The country needs us to go. We must go today!" This is a sentence from hit the floor when Academician Zhong Nanshan went to Wuhan.

"I am duty-bound to be a major event of the country." This is what Academician Li Lanjuan said on New Year’s Eve when he applied to the state to lead a team to support Wuhan.

"The epidemic is the military intelligence, and the epidemic area is the battlefield. I hope that I can fight the deadly virus in my life and open the door of hope for life in the trapped epidemic area. I believe that the speed of researchers in our country will not be inferior to that of the United States. " This is Chen Wei’s heartfelt words when he was interviewed by the media about the development of COVID-19 vaccine in China.

May I have this length to serve my country.

Brave front-line commanders are at the forefront of the "epidemic" of war.

In the eyes of medical staff, the dean at this moment is a brave captain and a brave front-line commander.

On the occasion of the outbreak, many heads of medical institutions were on the verge of death and led the team to charge. They bear double pressure, not only to save patients but also to protect medical staff, and they have to worry about everything from case consultation to material support.

These medical institutions are like a safe house, sheltering the lives of compatriots in the storm of the epidemic. They are brave and brave, and their dedication and sacrifice live up to the name of Chinese doctors.

Zhang Dingyu, president of Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, is known as the "Iron Man" in the eye of the epidemic storm. His hospital is the only infectious disease hospital in Wuhan, where the earliest COVID-19 patients were treated. Since the first batch of COVID-19 patients were admitted on December 29th, 2019, the battle for Zhang Dingyu has started.

The epidemic situation is urgent, and Jinyintan Hospital is the center of the epidemic situation in the city. Zhang Dingyu rests at 2 am every day and gets up at 6 am. Colleagues are used to this figure of doing things in a hurry and limping around the house. However, it was not until a month later that many people knew that he had been suffering from gradual freezing for two years and his life had entered the countdown. In the past, Zhang Dingyu always said that his knee was bad, but the epidemic was in the forefront, so he couldn’t say it. He said: "I have to run faster to win time;" I have to run faster to get more patients back from the virus. "

Zhang Dingyu, who is as hard as iron, sometimes cries. One day in late January, shortly after learning that his wife was infected with COVID-19, Zhang Dingyu decided to visit his wife, and suddenly burst into tears while walking halfway. "I may be a good doctor, but I’m not a good husband. We’ve been married for 28 years, and I’m afraid, too, that she won’t be able to carry her body and lose her!" Fortunately, his wife, Cheng Lin, was cured after treatment, and donated plasma after the expiration of the isolation period.

Two months later, on March 24, when seeing off the first batch of white soldiers in Fujian at Wuhan airport, Zhang Dingyu shed tears again. He hugged the medical team and said with a sob, "You are heroes who save the earth. You are all superhuman!"

Zhang Dingyu, who says others are superman, is superman himself. Dragging his sick body, he stuck to the front line step by step. He said to his colleagues: "We are already in the eye of the storm, and we must not back down at this time! What we have to do and can do is to treat patients, protect our people and protect our city! " As for himself, he said, "I can’t fall down at the moment when I am most eager."

Colleagues said that with Dean Zhang leading the way, the great things were also practical. Cheng Fang, head nurse of ICU on the sixth floor of South China, said with tears in her eyes: "What we can do is to fight like him!"

Liu Zhiming, one of the directors of the first designated hospitals in Wuhan to treat COVID-19 patients. On February 18th, 51-year-old Liu Zhiming died because he was infected with COVID-19.

Before living in ICU, Herry Liu spent three sleepless days. On January 21st, Wuchang Hospital was identified as the designated hospital in COVID-19, ready to receive the first batch of patients. Arranging patients and reforming wards, a series of urgent tasks are on the head. On the evening of January 22nd, Liu Zhiming and his colleagues were busy all night. Colleagues recalled that his health was not very good in those days, but he was worried about patients and often went to emergency and fever clinics, and could not get a rest.

On January 23, the transformation of the ward was basically completed, but Liu Zhiming was diagnosed with infection. Liu Zhiming called everyone he came into contact with, worried about infecting others. The next day, his illness became serious, and he was admitted to the ICU ward, still not letting go of his burden. While calling and returning to WeChat, I care about the work of the hospital; On the one hand, let everyone not talk about his situation, for fear of affecting morale.

There is a screenshot of WeChat circulating on the Internet, which is a conversation between Liu Zhiming and his wife Cai Liping at the last moment of his life. Many people cried. "For a night … I thought I was going to die, lack of oxygen. I played the ventilator this morning, much better! " Liu Zhiming refused his wife’s escort. Apart from the patient, what he missed was the safety of the people around him.

When transforming the ward, he tried desperately to add beds in the limited space. "A bed is a life, and one more bed can save one more life!"

Life is counting down, and he is still worried about the safety of the doctor who saved him. "Our ICU ward is not a negative pressure ward, and doctors’ intubation treatment is easy to form aerosols and there is a risk of infection."

Wang Lunchang, the 80-year-old honorary dean of taihe hospital and former party secretary, wrote a poem to bid farewell to Liu Zhiming: "Coronavirus has abused the world, and the battle against the epidemic in China is still in full swing. I was shocked to hear that Zhi Ming died in the battlefield, and my eyes were full of tears. The epidemic is still in a stalemate, and people are fighting for themselves. It is difficult for the god of plague to stop the road of medical soul, and move forward with heroic spirit! "

Liu Qingquan, Dean of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He is an expert in Hubei Central Steering Group and the head of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, the first Chinese medicine shelter hospital in Wuhan. On January 21, Liu Qingquan was ordered to go to Wuhan to participate in the formulation, guidance and management of the treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in COVID-19.

As soon as he arrived in Wuhan, he rushed to Jinyintan Hospital to participate in consultation and judge the disease. In the following days, he worked day and night to formulate the treatment plan of Chinese and western medicine, and his shoes were all white. In this regard, Liu Qingquan himself said: "I just came to Wuhan the earliest, and I saw the patients the earliest. My overall understanding of the patients may be a little earlier, which provided us with a basic material and template for formulating the national TCM diagnosis and treatment plan."

On February 14th, Wuhan Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital opened the cabin to admit patients, with Liu Qingquan as the president. From Beijing to Wuhan, from the preparation of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital to the opening of the cabin, Liu Qingquan has been overdrawing. Ward rounds, consultation, syndrome differentiation and treatment … Liu Qingquan’s daily life is very monotonous, and almost all of them are busy between hospitals with more serious patients, such as Jinyintan Hospital and wuhan union hospital, for consultation of Chinese and Western medicine. After the opening of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, another item was added: Go back to the "cabin" at night to see the patients. Colleagues said, "You should apply for a compulsory rest order for Dean Liu!"

On February 3rd, under the guidance of Liu Qingquan, the first batch of 8 confirmed patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine were discharged from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. On February 26th, the first batch of 23 patients from Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital left the cabin successfully. There were nearly 400 patients in the whole cabin, and none of them became severe.

In Wuhan, the heads of many medical institutions gathered together to fight the epidemic. Such a large scale and such close cooperation can be said to be unique. In response to the call of the state, they rushed to Wuhan with medical staff and various materials from all directions, bearing great psychological pressure and work pressure, and silently completing their mission in Wuhan.

Senior Colonel Zhang Sibing, the president of Huoshenshan Hospital, participated in major tasks such as fighting SARS and building Xiaotangshan Hospital in 2003. hit the floor said: "We are confident and determined to implement President Xi’s instructions and win this epidemic prevention and blocking war!"

Wang Xinghuan, dean of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, obeyed the national arrangement in the fight against the epidemic, and managed several hospitals in multiple positions. In addition to our hospital, it has also taken over the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan and the Living Room Shelter Hospital of Wuhan.

……

The epidemic came to an end, and more and more deans successfully completed their tasks and led the team back home.

On the afternoon of April 3rd, the last batch of 175 medical teams from Zhejiang Province arrived in Hangzhou. So far, a total of 2,018 people from the medical team in Zhejiang Province have successfully completed the anti-epidemic task, and all of them have returned safely, many of them!

Ge Minghua, president of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, is also one of the heroes who returned home this time. On February 19th, he led the fifth batch of medical aid teams to Wuhan. After nearly a month’s efforts, the team successfully completed the treatment of the intensive care unit in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. On March 15th, he led the team to the intensive care unit of Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan. Ge Minghua said that we will go wherever the country tells us to go.

During his stay in Wuhan, his team managed a total of 117 patients, and 67 patients were cured and discharged. After the condition improved, 50 patients were transferred to hospital, and none of them became critically ill, and none of them died. The medical staff had zero infection.

On the eve of his return trip, Ge Minghua recalled his trip to Wuhan and said, "We have a lot of feelings for our comrades in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan. Don’t give up on the concern of party committees and governments at all levels in Wuhan and all walks of life. At the same time, we are very excited, because our evacuation means that the anti-epidemic work in Wuhan is coming to an end, which means that the anti-epidemic war of our people is about to win. Wuhan will win, Hubei will win, and China will win! "

"Complete the task of defending Wuhan and bring the players back safely." This is the promise made by many medical institutions when they set out, and they did it!

If you can’t win the epidemic, you will never return it.

Strong grass is known by high winds, and gold is refined by fire.

Since the "epidemic" war, wearing white clothes is the most reassuring "dressing up" for Wuhan citizens. At the critical moment when the city was on the brink of an abyss, 110,000 local medical staff in Wuhan and more than 40,000 medical staff from all over the country rushed to Wuhan to form a white shield to stop the epidemic and an unbreakable defense line.

On January 8, a ward in ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University was transformed into an isolation ward. Zhong Si, the nurse in charge of ICU, remembers that Peng Zhiyong, the director of ICU, told all the medical staff somberly: The upcoming task is very arduous, the situation is complicated and the risk is great. If someone feels that his body may be too much, he can ask for it and make other arrangements.

Zhong Si has been working for 6 years, and this is the first time I have encountered such a thing. "But no one is backing down. We know that we have chosen this job, and we should always be ready to face this situation." Zhong Si said.

Four days later, all the 16 beds in the isolation ward were full. Nearly 150 medical staff in ICU began to work in shifts.

Every day, there are endless phone calls in Peng Zhiyong, and patients who can’t be saved are often busy until the early hours of the morning. Sleep has become the most luxurious enjoyment in Peng Zhiyong.

In the early stage of the epidemic, the shortage of protective materials troubled almost all medical staff in Wuhan, especially in ICU. The ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University consumes more than 100 sets of protective clothing every day. At least, the inventory is only enough for two days.

As the head of ICU, Peng Zhiyong should not only try his best to treat patients in the ward, but also be responsible for all medical staff, and arrange and dispatch medical staff to work at the highest efficiency while trying to ensure that they are not infected by the virus.

Five years ago, Peng Zhiyong gave up his high-paying job in the United States and returned to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University as the director of ICU. Five years later, Peng Zhiyong experienced the biggest challenge since he became a doctor. However, Peng Zhiyong said that he did not regret it, because so many patients entrusted their lives to him at this difficult time. "The opportunity to save the lives of these compatriots was the reason why I came back."

On the afternoon of January 12th, Guo Qin, a nurse in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, began to feel headache and chills. Her temperature was 37.8℃. Guo Qin immediately isolated his family and informed the unit. The next day, she did a throat swab test and the result was positive.

Guo Qin, 38, was the first infected medical staff in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. A few days ago, she participated in rescuing COVID-19 patients many times. Fortunately, after three days in hospital, her temperature returned to normal.

There are 54 nurses in the emergency center where Guo Qin is located. Under normal circumstances, each person works 8 hours a day. With the gradual increase of fever patients, emergency centers gradually extend overtime hours, and the daily working hours are about 10 hours. Guo Qin saw it in his eyes and was anxious in his heart.

On January 27th, Guo Qin’s blood test results, nucleic acid test results and CT showed normal. She persuaded her family to return to her post: "If I don’t go back now, I don’t know if I am a deserter."

On the day of returning to work, colleagues shouted slogans for Guo Qin, "Welcome back!" Then wear isolation suits and hug one by one.

But luck didn’t come to every medical staff. On February 20th, Peng Yinhua, a 29-year-old doctor from the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, died of COVID-19 infection.

Peng Yinhua was scheduled to hold a wedding on February 1st. He has received a marriage certificate for two years and has never had a wedding. He and his wife have been preparing for this for a long time. Considering that the wedding date has been fixed, the hospital did not arrange for him to be on duty during the Spring Festival, and prepared to let him come back to work after the Spring Festival. However, seeing the epidemic situation becoming more and more serious, Peng Yinhua took the initiative to postpone the wedding.

Peng Yinhua went home for the last time on January 18th. After work that day, he didn’t mention the hospital to his wife, only that he was getting busy. Peng Yinhua decided to live in the department because he was worried that his family and pregnant wife would be infected.

After the infection, Peng Yinhua told his colleagues that he should cooperate with the treatment well and then go back to the front line. He also suggested that he should take charge of the management of patients in the isolation area, and let other doctors stay in the office and clean area as much as possible to reduce the exposure risk.

On March 6th, the press conference of the State Council Office showed that in the early stage of the epidemic, mainly in January and before this year, more than 3,000 medical staff were infected in Hubei Province, of which 40% were infected in hospitals and 60% were in communities, all of whom were local medical staff in Hubei. Many medical staff died in the line of duty.

In this anti-epidemic battle in Wuhan, 42,000 medical staff rushed to Hubei, many of whom were youthful forces. When the motherland needed it most, they took practical actions to advance and retreat with Hubei and Wuhan, and wrote an indomitable hymn of youth.

Before the closure of Wuhan, Gan Ruyi, a post-90s doctor, just returned to his hometown in Jingzhou to prepare for the New Year. Knowing that the epidemic spread rapidly and the pressure on the hospital increased sharply, she decided to return to Wuhan.

All public transportation to Wuhan has stopped. Gan Ruyi’s mother objected to her going back. "It is more than 300 kilometers away from Wuhan, and the city is closed. Now there is no public transportation. How to get there? "

"Never mind, I’ll go by bike, and I’ll ride a little." On the road, the 24-year-old young man relied on bicycles, hitchhiking and walking all the way, spent 4 days and 3 nights, traveled more than 300 kilometers, and returned to his post-Fanhu Branch of Jinkou Central Health Center in Jiangxia District, Wuhan. On the temporary pass issued by the local government for her, the license plate number column reads "Bicycle".

Gan Ruyi’s deeds spread, and in the face of the ensuing praise, Gan Ruyi still only thought about the patients. "I’m just a medical staff in a primary health center, because I’m worried that my patients will be harassed by COVID-19, so I just want to return to my post as soon as possible and do my little bit for my patients. The defense war in Wuhan has reached a critical moment, and I just want to use my persistence to enhance the confidence of patients in overcoming the epidemic. "

On March 22nd, Zhu Haixiu, a nurse of Guangdong Aid Hubei Medical Team, finally had a good cry. Zhu Haixiu once said in an interview: "I dare not cry. I can’t do anything if I cry through my goggles." This "dare not cry" video touched netizens all over the country.

Since February this year, as a nurse of Guangdong medical team who rushed to Wuhan, Zhu Haixiu has been fighting day and night in the front line of Wuhan. I didn’t tell my parents when I came to Wuhan, but my parents found out later. My father cried over the phone for fear. "That was the first time I saw my dad cry in 22 years." Zhu Haixiu said. However, when interviewed by reporters in the hospital, she didn’t want to report her safety to her parents for the camera, because "crying through goggles can’t do anything".

"I don’t cry, I tell myself to get through it, so that we can see the dawn of victory." When she was about to say goodbye to the heroic city of Wuhan, at the airport, the little girl cried: "Thank you Wuhan, thank you Wuhan people!" "

"Sometimes to heal, often to help, always to comfort." In this epidemic, doctors give patients not only physical healing, but also mental temperature and comfort. There is such a group of "post-90s" in Peking University medical aid team, who empathized with patients in the front line of the war and epidemic, and grew up in the fight against the epidemic, making a brilliant contribution to youth.

Grandpa Duan, an 82-year-old Wuhan patient, can’t live without listening to news and watching news every day, but he forgot to bring his mobile phone because he was in a hurry to be admitted to the hospital, and he couldn’t sleep well when he was hospitalized. So, the 25-year-old nurse Quan Yi, a urologist at Peking University People’s Hospital, and other medical staff brought the Changjiang Daily to Grandpa Duan’s bed every afternoon for him to read. Since then, Grandpa Duan’s mood has made a 180-degree turn, gradually changing from reticence to cheerfulness, and he often takes the initiative to talk to medical staff. Before leaving the hospital, Grandpa Duan sat at his desk for a long time and wrote a thank-you letter to the medical team word by word: "Take a pen, with tears, and thank the Beijing medical team for coming to Wuhan all the way. I don’t know how tired I am day and night, so I can work miracles and walk home. I can’t express it in a thousand words. I wish you good health and everything is fine!"

Wang Ben, born in 1993, is the youngest doctor in the medical team of Hubei Aid and Anti-epidemic in Peking University Third Hospital. In Wuhan, his daily work is to wear protective clothing in the intensive care unit, ask 50 patients one by one, and communicate with them one by one. Even if you are young and healthy, you have to rest for 10 minutes every five patients in the closed space of the isolation suit.

The photo of Tian Jiali, a post-90s nurse in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Peking University People’s Hospital, carrying four pots of boiling water was sent to the department’s WeChat group by the head nurse Wang Wen, which drew tears from her parents. Teacher Zhang Su, who watched her grow up, left a message with distress: My heart is almost jumping out. What if I can’t get the water bottle right and it burns? What if I break it and puncture it? What makes Tian Jiali most happy is that when delivering water to patients, an old man smiled and gave her a thumbs-up: "It’s a small effort."

Aunt Guo, a critically ill patient in COVID-19, suffered from respiratory failure when she was admitted to hospital. After being treated with non-invasive ventilator, she turned the corner. The pain of the disease, the discomfort of the ventilator, Aunt Guo, whose eyes were full of fear and anxiety, once refused to cooperate with the treatment, and the ventilator mask made it impossible for doctors and patients to communicate normally. Doctors and nurses not only need to treat diseases, but also give patients confidence. "If you can’t communicate by voice, then write with a pen and communicate through words." In response to Aunt Guo’s fear and anxiety, they set up a psychological care group to cheer Aunt Guo up every day, and established a "WeChat refueling group" to show her the refueling video recorded by her family for Aunt Guo. After a period of treatment, Aunt Guo gradually adapted to the treatment of non-invasive ventilator, and her condition gradually improved.

Wu Wenfang, a post-90s nurse in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Peking University People’s Hospital, put on protective clothing before entering the isolation ward. Her teammates asked her what was written on the protective clothing. She said, "Write’ I love China’. At this moment, there is no deeper feeling than the love of the motherland."

Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children.

There are two positions to fight the epidemic, one is the hospital to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, the other is the community prevention and control position.

More than 30,000 ordinary community workers, 36,000 "sinking" cadres, more than 10,000 police and auxiliary police, thousands of community taxi drivers and many community volunteers are sticking to the position of community prevention and control in Wuhan.

On March 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei Province, saying that the community, as the front line of prevention and control, shouldered a very heavy task, and the comrades involved in community prevention and control work worked very hard. Everyone worked tirelessly and silently day and night to serve the masses and made important contributions to curbing the spread of the epidemic and ensuring people’s lives.

The general secretary’s affirmation and encouragement of the prevention and control work of front-line cadres inspired the confidence and fighting spirit of the grassroots cadres.

A community grid worker covered with "medicine bags" has recently become popular.

Covered with medicine bags, the chubby figure was only visible to the head and feet by more than 50 bags of medicine bags. The hero of the photo is Feng Feng, an ordinary grid worker in Huiminyuan Community, Houhu Street, Jiang ‘an District, Wuhan, who is responsible for helping residents buy drugs for chronic diseases. On this day, Feng Feng and two other colleagues came to a pharmacy on Huangshi Road, waiting in line to get the number to buy medicine. Because they didn’t arrive for two consecutive days, there were nearly 100 medicines to be taken that day. When they came out of the pharmacy, it was almost 5 pm. After nearly 12 hours, they finally got all the medicines needed by the patients, but the boxes they brought could not hold all the medicines. Fengfeng simply strung the small and medium-sized medicines into two strings and hung them on herself. "Because it is convenient to take it, I will get on the bus at once." This is Feng Feng’s simple response.

The photo on the screen is a true portrayal of the "epidemic" between the community grid worker and his colleagues: from verifying the patient’s needs by phone, to recording the list of medical insurance card passwords, telephone numbers and other information, and then going to the pharmacy to queue up for prescription, take medicine and deliver medicine … "The patients are waiting, and the medicine cannot be broken." In front of hundreds of community residents, bags of medicine are entrustment, hope and responsibility. In a simple sentence, it shows the responsibility of this community grid worker in the epidemic situation.

"It’s full of medicine bags", which is a person’s anti-epidemic story, and it is also the epitome of the front line of community workers.

There are about 4,600 households in the community of Beihuan Road, Shuiguohu Street, Wuchang District, Hubei Province, with a permanent population of 13,000, and 43 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Zhang Xinxin, deputy secretary of the post-90 s community party Committee, bravely shouldered the heavy burden and led a group of people to stick to the front line and not retreat.

"Sorry, it was a mistake in our work. I came to apologize to you!" "The community has done its best. Don’t come to the door during special periods. You still have a lot of patients to take care of!" These are some conversations between Zhang Xinxin and community residents on the phone.

Putting down the phone, Zhang Xinxin picked up a large bottle of disinfectant and walked to the 28 th building of the community for disinfection. This residential building has just been destroyed in a large area, and there are still residents who are not at ease and hope to kill it again. Zhang Xinxin climbed up and down, spraying potion layer by layer. After killing two units, I was informed that I would take the confirmed patients to the isolation point of Shengjia Rose Hotel before 2 pm, and then send them to the hospital.

Yao Dad, a 69-year-old confirmed patient, was treated in isolation at home, and his condition worsened and he needed to be hospitalized. Zhang Xinxin quickly called the old man and asked him to prepare for hospitalization. Considering that the old man is old and has had heart bypass surgery, she decided to send Yao Dad to the car.

Back in the office, Zhang Xinxin put on protective clothing, goggles and gloves. She sent Yao Dad to the quarantine point.

Charge in the front line of community prevention and control, the degree of hard work and the danger it faces far exceed people’s imagination. "No matter how residents evaluate us, even if we do our best, we must reduce the number of new cases in the community." Zhang Xinxin said.

At 8: 30 on March 24th, in the Qiaokou Branch of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, as usual, 39 policemen dressed neatly and assembled in line, waiting for the roll call. "Wu Yong", when the director Zhu Zhichao called this name, all 39 policemen shouted in unison: "Here!"

In this special way, these people’s guards, Zheng Zheng man of iron, bid farewell to their good buddies and comrades-in-arms Wu Yong.

Two days ago, Wu Yong, a policeman from Gonghe Community Management Section of Hanzheng Street in Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, who had been fighting for 60 days in the anti-epidemic front line, was overworked and fell to his job forever. He was only 51 years old.

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the police work, which is already very busy, has become extremely heavy. Seven days a week, day and night turned into a normal work.

Wu Yong and his colleagues are in charge of the Republican community with more than 600 households at home. Many doors in the community do not have elevators, and they all rely on climbing up and down. Daily necessities such as vegetables, meat, eggs and milk must be delivered to households by manpower. Seeing Wu Yong’s hard work, many residents advised him: "Lao Wu, you are not young, let the boys send you." And he always smiles and shakes his head: "I have to take the lead."

On the morning of March 21st, Wu Yong hurried to work, said "I’m leaving" and left in a hurry. "Before I could answer, he closed the door and left. I didn’t expect this sentence to become a farewell … "Speaking of which, Wu Yong’s wife Liu Xiaolin was sobbing.

"Sinking cadres" refers to government cadres who go deep into the community to serve residents. Every "sinking cadre" has met different residents. Some people understand and cooperate, some people ignore interference, some people actively pay, and some people are picky …

Zhong Nan, a cadre of Donghu High-tech Taxation Bureau, is one of the "sinking cadres". Guanshan Community, Guandong Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, where he reported, was sometimes rushed to the post because a large number of community residents did not understand the closed management.

"Everyone in the sinking staff needs to exercise restraint. At the same time, they should give full play to their wisdom and combine the community police force and security to dissuade them reasonably. On the one hand, they should ensure that undocumented people have’ zero access’ and on the other hand, they should ensure that the situation does not escalate to’ full handling’." Zhong Nan said.

Guanshan Community has high floors and high density, with a maximum of 53 floors and 20 households on the first floor. During the large-scale investigation in early February, due to the high density of confirmed cases and suspected cases in the community, the sinking working group was worried about the harm of elevator aerosol, and generally sat on the top floor and went down layer by layer to conduct door-to-door investigations. Two people check nearly a thousand households a day, and Zhong Nan and his colleagues are so tired that their legs tremble every day.

"The hard working environment has won high praise from the community and won unanimous praise from the community residents. Seeing the thumbs up of the people, we feel that everything is worthwhile." Zhong Nan said.

Who do some community residents most expect to see during the epidemic? The answer may come as a surprise to many people: community taxi drivers.

Li Dingping was originally a veteran, and now Lao Li, who is busy, has become a taxi driver in Changfeng Community, Changfeng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan. Since signing up as a volunteer, he has been downstairs on time every day to start the car and stand by at the gate of the community. The passengers are all neighbors in the community.

In the eyes of neighbors, Li Dingping is a warm-hearted capable person; In the eyes of community cadres, Li Dingping is a right-hand man for grassroots epidemic prevention; In the eyes of relatives and friends, Li Dingping is a hero with chivalrous spirit.

"Li Shifu, Mr. Liu is going to the hospital for dialysis. Please help him!"

"Li Shifu, the gas in our house is broken. Can you come and have a look?"

In front of people seeking help, Li Dingping always said, "OK, no problem!" "

Li Dingping, 45, just joined a taxi company a month ago and became a taxi driver. After the outbreak, Li Dingping wanted to do something. With the restriction of motor vehicles in the central city, residents’ travel has become a problem. After thinking about it, Li Dingping decided to drive in the community on January 28.

"Now I mainly send some elderly people in the community to the hospital for dialysis, and then send pregnant women to the pregnancy test." Li Dingping said that in addition to himself, there are now three support vehicles in the community. Everyone is a volunteer, and everyone can get three buses a day.

"Among our taxi drivers who serve the community, there are veterans, ordinary citizens and retired workers. In difficult times, everyone stood up and contributed to grassroots epidemic prevention, and no one slacked off." Li Dingping said.

Whatever my status, I will never lay aside my concern for the nation.

The battlefield against epidemic disease is the "touchstone" to test people’s will and character.

It is the wish of every ordinary person to have a little heat and a little light; It is the ambition of all ordinary people to be humble and not dare to forget about their country, which is ordinary and extraordinary.

Police, firemen, volunteers, builders, sanitation workers, couriers … The same feelings and mission, unite forces from all over the country.

Xu Hongyan is an ordinary employee of Jin Qin Gas Station of Sinopec Hubei Petroleum. Since the outbreak, she has led five other "Iron Maiden" to form "six golden flowers", fighting for the position of preventing and controlling the epidemic and ensuring oil supply.

"You are here to fight the epidemic, and we cheer for you." Six female employees have fulfilled their promises with love and responsibility.

On January 23, Wuhan was closed. "In the face of this invisible and intangible enemy, it is impossible not to be afraid." Xu Hongyan admits that the station is full of female employees. The oldest child in the family is a teenager and the youngest is only over one year old.

As a mother, Xu Hongyan is more aware of her responsibilities. "Everyone knows that it is safe to stay at home. However, if all this happens, will the gas station be closed? Where do epidemic prevention and rescue vehicles go to refuel? I am the oldest in the station. If you believe me, I assure you that as long as everyone does their own protection and disinfection in the station, everyone will not be infected. "

"The gas station is our position to fight the epidemic. The people of the whole country are supporting Wuhan. At the critical moment, none of us can be less. " Haron Lee, the oiler, said.

No one can be missing, and no one will be missing. It is the common aspiration of this group of ordinary workers in the front line of anti-epidemic.

"Is there anyone? Help, I don’t have a mask. Dare not go out, there is no food at home. " At 9: 00 on March 4th, the "119 party member Commando" of Wuhan Jiang ‘an District Fire Rescue Brigade was carrying out epidemic prevention and decontamination in Dijiao Community, and someone was vaguely heard shouting in the corridor of a unit building.

"Old man, what’s the matter with you?" Commando Kang Jing found the source of the sound on the fourth floor.

"I’m afraid to go out. I’ve eaten all the food at home." The old man is about 70 years old, his children are not in Wuhan, he dare not go out without a mask, and his living materials have been exhausted.

Seeing this situation, Kang Jing gave 50 masks and two bottles of alcohol carried with the car to the elderly and taught them how to use them. Later, through community group buying, the elderly were helped to buy vegetables, meat and other daily necessities. The old man repeatedly said, "Young man, it’s very kind of you!"

"In the community, the information access channels for elderly people living alone are relatively narrow. They don’t know that the community can distribute materials." Kang Jing promptly gave feedback to the community about the situation of the elderly. Since then, the community has delivered daily living materials to the elderly. "As long as the residents need it, we will do our best to help them."

The story of fighting hand in hand is staged every day.

The Vulcan Hospital will be built in 10 days, and Thunder God Mountain hospital will be built in 12 days. Behind the amazing speed of China in the world, there are countless pairs of unhesitatingly helping hands.

Upon receiving the news of the construction of Vulcan Mountain and Thunder God Mountain hospital, the officers and men of China Construction Third Bureau issued a well-documented voice, "Wait for the notice and start at any time".

Chen Jinguo, 54, is the "Chief Technician of Hubei Province" and a tower crane dismantling worker in the equipment management company of China Construction Third Bureau No.2 Company. On January 23, after learning the news of the construction of Volcano Mountain Hospital, Chen Jinguo, who was in Wuhan, immediately said to the unit: "I am in Wuhan and I will come back when I am called."

Chen Longlong, the son of Chen Jinguo, also went to Vulcan Mountain this time. As a technician of China Construction Third Bureau Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chen Longlong joined the project as early as January 25, mainly responsible for the system design of network communication and the weak current field construction of ward 2.

"Although we are in the same project, we have met twice, and we can only care about each other at lunch." Chen Jinguo said.

Yang Xue is a young volunteer in Hongshan District. Her main job is to send medical staff to and from work. At the beginning of the anti-epidemic, she took her cousin, who was a nurse, to and from work. At the same time, she found that there are still many medical staff facing the problem of difficulty in commuting.

Yang Xue’s eyes hurt her heart. She quickly discussed with several friends and decided to set up a volunteer convoy of "Guardian Angels" to provide free shuttle service for medical workers. As soon as the call was issued, many people signed up. At present, the "Guardian Angel" volunteer team has 30 sports cars every day. Everyone picks up medical staff on the road every day and does the work of material transportation.

"It is very meaningful to be a volunteer and defend our great Wuhan with everyone." Yang Xue said.

Zhang Chunxiang is an ordinary sanitation worker in Wuhan Economic Development Zone. On January 28th, Wuhan just closed the city. She suddenly received a notice from the company that she needed a group of people to do cleaning in the west area of Union Medical College Hospital. Put the phone down, Zhang Chunxiang thought for a moment. "I thought at the time that someone had to do this. I have been doing sanitation work for more than ten years and have experience. My children are adults and there is no burden. I want to stand up and sign up for the first time. "

Subsequently, Zhang Chunxiang and more than a dozen other colleagues went to work in the West District of Union Medical College Hospital. They are faced with heavy tasks such as disinfection, mopping the floor and garbage packing every day.

"When I first entered the ward, to be honest, I was also afraid and afraid. However, before taking up the post, the nurse gave us training and taught us how to protect. Before entering the ward, there are also professional doctors who repeatedly check whether the protective clothing, goggles, masks, gloves and foot covers we wear are in place. Here, we see experts from Beijing and Heilongjiang treating patients, and medical staff from other provinces come to support Wuhan. At that moment, I felt warm and powerful inside. Our Wuhan will definitely get better! " Zhang Chunxiang said.

On one occasion, Zhang Chunxiang went to the ward to collect garbage and saw a mother-in-law’s bedpan full. The old woman was too old to move easily. Without thinking, Zhang Chunxiang went to help her mother-in-law dump the bedpan, rinse it off and put it in place. And this is not her job.

In Wuhan, there are too many cleaners like Zhang Chunxiang. They are in hospitals, in streets, in communities and in public places … No matter where they are, they are making silent efforts with their own actions and making important contributions to preventing the spread of the virus. Their work may not be as vigorous as that of frontline medical staff, but it is also an important line of defense in epidemic prevention and control.

……

Many years ago, there was an article all over the Internet, which talked about the spirit of Chinese people from China’s fairy tales. Suiren’s drilling for fire, Dayu’s water control, Yugong’s moving mountains, Kuafu’s shooting at the sun day by day … Even in these imaginative stories, Chinese doesn’t expect external forces when encountering difficulties. Neither seeking God nor Dont Ask For Help, I am determined to overcome difficulties by my indomitable spirit, day-to-day pursuit and persistence of my children and grandchildren. The story endings that transcend reality are not so much a gift from the gods as a miracle on earth brought by perseverance! This spiritual inheritance was vividly demonstrated in the "epidemic" of Wuhan War.

No one in the world is born a hero, and no one stands up for no reason. It is the historical memory of rejuvenating the country through suffering and the national spirit of constant self-improvement that makes the city a hero, and makes the people of a country wave upon wave and give up who else.

Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger once said, "I think China’s greatest luck is that there are people living in this land, and China has always been well protected by their bravest people." China does have a great people, but it is not only by illusory luck or probability, but also by the spiritual heritage of the sages who used their flesh and blood to defend the country and the national self-esteem carved into the bones by contemporary people. Every time Chinese struggles in suffering, it is the sons and daughters of China who uphold the concept of "the rise and fall of the world, and every man has a responsibility"!

Only in this way can we see one application for going out to war after another, and one suicide note after another, that is, "the country will live and die" … This unprecedented war "epidemic" has made us learn from our predecessors after thousands of years, and also made the world know the endless faith and courage of the Chinese nation. In the face of the raging epidemic, Chinese once again proved himself: no matter whether the country is safe or the national rejuvenation, what he always supports and relies on is the endless national spirit and the eternal national righteousness!

(Written by: Qiao Shenying, Qu Changfu, Zhu Guowang, Chang Li, Zhou Lin and Yuan Yong)

　　If you open the column,

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has visited revolutionary memorial sites many times during his local investigation and research, stressing the need to learn from China’s revolutionary history, fine traditions and spirit.

　　Pursuing the red footprint and realizing the initial mission. From now on, this newspaper will launch the column "New Ideas Lead a New Journey-Red Footprint", follow the red footprint of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, interview the parties, recall the events of that year, review the important exposition and the spirit of important instructions of the General Secretary, vividly review the glorious revolutionary history, excellent revolutionary tradition and great revolutionary spirit of the Red Holy Land, fully reflect the local cadres and masses to remember the entrustment of the General Secretary, vigorously carry forward the red tradition and inherit the red gene, and work hard to change the development face and create a more vivid and happy life.

　　从石库门到天安门，从小小红船到巍巍巨轮，从50多名党员到9000多万名党员，中国共产党团结带领人民，创造了举世瞩目的伟大成就。

　　2017年10月31日，最高领袖总书记带领中共中央政治局常委来到上海和浙江嘉兴，瞻仰上海中共一大会址和浙江嘉兴南湖红船。最高领袖总书记指出：“上海党的一大会址、嘉兴南湖红船是我们党梦想起航的地方。我们党从这里诞生，从这里出征，从这里走向全国执政。这里是我们党的根脉。”

　　回望百年求索路，追随红色足迹行。翻开风云激荡的红色篇章，上海、浙江广大干部群众在历史中汲取力量，不忘初心、牢记使命、接续奋斗，不断创造更加幸福美好的生活。

　　一流城市要有一流治理

　　梧桐掩映着宁静道路，沿街一幢石库门建筑伫立。乌漆大门、青砖粉线，门楣拱形雕花，屋顶红旗飘扬，这里是上海中共一大会址纪念馆所在地。纪念馆留言簿上，黄宝妹老人留言：“上海是党的诞生地，上海人民很光荣，有责任把上海建设得更好。”

　　Huang Baomei, a 90-year-old national model worker, always likes to take a walk in Yangpu Riverside. In 2017, 45 kilometers of shoreline public space on both sides of Huangpu River will be connected; In 2020, the 42-kilometer shoreline public space in the central city of Suzhou Creek will be connected. Shanghai will open the beautiful waterfront in the city center to public space.

　　On November 2, 2019, Huang Baomei met with General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the Party-Mass Service Station of Yangpu Binjiang Renrenwu. "I introduced to the General Secretary that I am a native of Shanghai and have witnessed the great changes in Shanghai from old China to new China to a new era. I am extremely proud of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Socialism with Chinese characteristics."

　　Huang Baomei witnessed the transformation from "industrial rust belt" to "life show belt".

　　On November 2, 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader who visited Shanghai came to the riverside section of Yangshupu Waterworks, a riverside public space in Yangpu District, and walked along the riverside trestle to see the scenery on both sides of the Huangpu River. During the visit, he met many citizens who were relaxing and exercising and had a cordial conversation with them. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that cities are people’s cities and people’s cities are people. Whether it’s urban planning or urban construction, whether it’s the construction of new urban areas or the transformation of old urban areas, we should adhere to the people-centered, focus on the needs of the people, rationally arrange the production, living and ecological space, take a connotative, intensive and green high-quality development path, and strive to create a good environment that is suitable for business, living, music and travel, so as to give people more sense of gain and create a happier and better life for the people.

　　Nowadays, the banks of the Huangpu River have become a paradise for ordinary people to live and work.

　　Xia Juanjuan, an 85-year-old man, is busy learning calligraphy and Chinese painting at the first sub-station of Jiaxing Road Street in Hongkou District. She said, "My old age is getting better and better!"

　　Grandma Xia has been here for 3 years. She is one of the old people in the day care center in the post station. Day care center is a new model of community home-based care for the aged, which is characterized by "the elderly go to nursery during the day to receive care, participate in activities and go home at night".

　　On November 6, 2018, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader walked into the first sub-station of Jiaxing Road Street in Hongkou District, and inspected the comprehensive service window, the old-age care center and the party building workstation one by one. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the community is the nerve endings of the Party committee and the government to contact and serve the masses, and it is necessary to promptly perceive the worries, worries and worries of community residents and solve them one by one.

　　On that day, the old people excitedly held the hand of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and told the General Secretary about their happy old age. The general secretary pointed out that China has entered an aging society, and it is our common wish to provide the elderly with a sense of security, happiness, health and longevity.

　　At present, Hongkou District has set up 35 citizen stations, striving to create a "15-minute community life service circle" to "package" the livelihood needs of the elderly, such as dining, day care, medical care, cultural and sports activities, and party and mass services.

　　In the Pudong New Area Urban Operation Integrated Management Center, the whole area of Pudong is clearly presented on the big screen. On November 6, 2018, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came here to learn about Shanghai’s refined urban management and the operation of the single window of international trade through the big screen. The general secretary pointed out that first-class cities should have first-class governance and pay attention to scientific, refined and intelligent efforts.

　　Nowadays, Pudong has further expanded the intelligence and refinement of urban management and realized "unified management through one network".

　　Vigorously carry forward the "red boat spirit" in combination with the characteristics of the times

　　In October, 2002, he was transferred as the deputy secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Committee and the supreme leader comrade of acting governor, and made a special trip to Jiaxing Nanhu to pay tribute to the Red Boat. On the first working day after the Spring Festival in 2005, members of the theoretical learning center of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee came to Nanhu to pay tribute to the Red Boat and held a special study meeting on educational activities to maintain the advanced nature of Communist party member.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that the pioneering spirit of pioneering the world, daring to be the first, firm ideals and indomitable spirit of struggle, and the dedication of building the Party for the public and being loyal to the people are the source of China’s revolutionary spirit and the profound connotation of the "Red Boat Spirit".

　　At the southern end of Dayun exit in Jiashan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway, there is a well-known Miaojia Village, with villas, small bridges and flowing water, and Huahai Farm.

　　Miaojia Village in this scene was a poor village in Jiashan County more than 10 years ago. At one time, the collective disposable funds were less than 50,000 yuan, and the per capita annual income of farmers was less than that of 1000 yuan. Today, the village collective economic income has reached 13.8 million yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the village exceeds 50,000 yuan.

　　The change originated 13 years ago. In 2008, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), then the Communist Party of China and Vice President of the State, conducted research and guidance in Miaojia Village.

　　At that time, Chai Jinfu, the head of Jiaxing Guardian Horticulture Co., Ltd., was facing an unprecedented choice in his career: low-end facilities and flower varieties, should he change? There is a time limit for the transfer of land. Can it be done? "The supreme leader comrade came to Miaojia Village for investigation and guidance, which encouraged everyone. Thanks to the government’s support for the transfer of land to carry out moderate scale operation, we ate ‘ Reassuring pills ’ Constantly make the flower industry bigger and stronger. " Today, Chai Jinfu’s company not only doubled its benefits, but also drove more than 100 farmers around to plant flowers, helping Dayun Town become the largest production base of fresh cut flowers in the province.

　　Bai Zheng, who often goes to the village clinic to take his blood pressure, said that the village has changed a lot in recent years. Now every elderly person has a pension, which is more than 2,000 yuan per month.

　　Guide the "two new" organizations party member to play an active role.

　　During lunch break or leisure time after work, everyone sits around and reads party constitution, learns the history of the Party, or reads newspapers and talks about their experiences. This is the daily scene of the Party-Mass Service Center in Lujiazui Financial City. The center serves 362 Party organizations and 9,337 party member in the Financial City.

　　On November 6, 2018, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came here to learn more about the party building work carried out by the center. The General Secretary pointed out that with the diversification of economic components and employment methods, more and more party member are employed in new economic organizations and new social organizations. We should do a good job in the education management of party member and guide them to play an active role. The General Secretary hopes that Shanghai will continue to explore and take the lead in strengthening grassroots party building.

　　There are 285 commercial buildings in the 31.78-square-kilometer financial city. There are more than 43,000 enterprises in these "vertical communities", with more than 500,000 employees of all kinds, and the average age is only 29.5 years old.

　　"The general secretary stressed that grassroots party building should not only carry forward fine traditions, but also keep pace with the times, constantly adapt to the new situation, broaden the fields of grassroots party building, and make sure that wherever party member works and lives, the party organizations will cover it, so that party member can find an organization and find a home no matter where." Zhang Yuxiang, Party Secretary of Lujiazui Administration, recalled.

　　Yuan Yefeng, secretary of the comprehensive Party Committee of Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, said that they pay attention to the "personality" excavation of party building work by strengthening the "youth elements" and "times elements".

　　On March 19th this year, the Lujiazui Financial City Building Conference was held in Shanghai Tower, and the first batch of 39 key buildings "Building Meetings" were awarded, which unveiled the building party-mass organization alliance and the building work guidance center.

　　In 2020, Lujiazui Financial City ranks first in the major development zones in Pudong in terms of economic aggregate, tax revenue and fiscal revenue growth. The tax revenue of registered enterprises is about 100 billion yuan. The number of licensed financial institutions increased by 31, the headquarters of multinational companies increased by 13, and the number of foreign-funded asset management institutions exceeded 100 for the first time.

　　Not only does the party organization cover buildings, but the legislative contact point also opens to the doorstep of the people.

　　Xia Yunlong, who is over eighty years old, is an information officer at the legislative contact point of Hongqiao Street. The first forum he participated in was to discuss issues related to the National Anthem Law. "I suggest that citizens all over the country should not only raise the national flag, pay attention to the ceremony, but also sing the national anthem when attending major conferences." Xia Yunlong said, "This article has been adopted! It is really that the people have a call and the law should respond. "

　　In Hongqiao Street, there are 280 information workers like Xia Yunlong. With them as the main body, 10 consulting units and 8 professional talent pools as supplements, the legislative contact point has set up a "one body and two wings" working structure, which organically combines mass and professionalism.

　　Hu Yu’ ang, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Hongqiao Street and director of the Working Committee of the National People’s Congress, said that as of November last year, the legislative contact point of Hongqiao Street had completed the collection of opinions on 45 laws, summarized and sorted out more than 800 suggestions, and 51 suggestions were adopted.

　　People’s Daily (May 17, 2021, 01 edition)

　　On January 1, 2020, the RRR cut came as scheduled, and the central bank decided to comprehensively reduce the deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions by 0.5 percentage points from January 6. The central bank said that the RRR cut will release about 800 billion yuan of long-term funds and reduce the cost of bank funds by about 15 billion yuan.

　　What impact will the RRR cut have on various wealth management products? Liu Yinping, a researcher at Rong 360 Jianpu Technology Big Data Research Institute, believes that after the RRR cut, the market liquidity will be further relaxed and the price of funds will drop, resulting in a decline in the yield of fixed-income products; However, the RRR cut will be beneficial to some equity assets, and the income of fixed-income products will decline, and some funds will flow to equity assets, thus prompting asset prices to rise.

　　interpret

　　Impact 1

　　Bank deposit interest rates will fall, and small banks may last for a long time.

　　Since 2019, the central bank has been guiding the interest rate in the loan market to fall, thus solving the problem of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises. At present, the interest rates of various types of deposits in banks are at a high level. In order to avoid narrowing the deposit-loan spreads, banks will lower the interest rates of various deposit products, including time deposits, large deposit certificates and structured deposits.

　　Liu Yinping pointed out that different types of banks have different capital pressures, and the progress and extent of interest rate reduction will be different. Large and medium-sized banks may take the lead in lowering the deposit interest rate, while small banks have great difficulty in raising deposits, and the reduction of deposit interest rate may be one step behind.

　　Impact 2

　　The average yield of bank wealth management will fall below 4% again.

　　Since last year, the bank’s wealth management yield has continued to fall, and at the end of December, the yield has rebounded. According to the data monitored by Rong 360 Data Research Institute, the average yield of bank wealth management products rose to 4.11% last week.

　　Liu Yinping said that the RRR cut will lead to loose liquidity, and most of the underlying assets of bank wealth management are fixed-income assets, and the yield of such assets will drop, so will the yield of wealth management products, which is expected to fall below 4% again in the short term. However, the impact of RRR cuts on the income of wealth management products such as equity, commodities and financial derivatives is uncertain, which may push some equity assets higher.

　　Impact 3

　　The average yield of the money fund will fall to the range of 2.4%~2.5%.

　　The monetary fund yield behind all kinds of baby financing has always been sensitive to changes in market interest rates. Since the end of November last year, the yield of money funds has continued to rise. According to the data monitored by Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, the average yield of goods-based babies last week was 2.69%, a 39-month high.

　　Even if the RRR is not lowered, the funds will gradually loosen after New Year’s Day, and the yield of the money fund will also fall. Lowering the benchmark will further loosen the liquidity and accelerate the decline of the yield of the money fund. It is expected that the average yield will fall to 2.4%~2.5% in the short term.

　　Impact 4

　　Theoretically speaking, RRR cuts are good for the stock market.

　　After the RRR cut, there will be more funds in the market, and some of them will flow to the stock market. Moreover, the increase in corporate credit will help improve the operating conditions of enterprises. Theoretically, the RRR cut is good news for the stock market.

　　However, judging from the performance of the stock market after previous RRR cuts, the stock index has been mixed. Liu Yinping pointed out that there are many factors affecting the stock market, including policies, economic environment, the development of all walks of life, market confidence and so on. Today is the first working day after the RRR cut, and all major stock indexes rose in the morning, so it seems that the market confidence is sufficient.

　　Text/reporter Cheng Wei

　　related news

　　A-shares welcome the new year and make a good start. The net inflow of northbound funds exceeds 10 billion.

　　(Reporter Liu Shenliang) A shares ushered in a good start in 2020 yesterday, and the three major stock indexes strengthened across the board. The Shanghai Composite Index once approached the 3100-point integer mark, and the Shenzhen Component Index and the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose nearly 2%. The total turnover of the two cities was 751.5 billion yuan, the industry sector closed up across the board, technology stocks led the gains strongly, and online celebrity live broadcast concept stocks continued to rise.

　　Specifically, the Shanghai Composite Index closed up 1.15% to close at 3085.20 points; The Shenzhen Component Index rose 1.99% to close at 10,638.82 points; The growth enterprise market index rose 1.93% to close at 1832.74 points. The net inflow of northbound funds was 11.395 billion yuan yesterday, which has been a net inflow for 32 consecutive trading days.

　　Citic Securities pointed out that the main macro factors that suppressed A-share earnings in 2019 will be significantly alleviated in 2020, and the fundamentals will stabilize and rebound under the counter-cyclical policy, credit expansion and replenishment. Under the macro-economic decisive victory, capital market reform and the recovery of corporate profits, A shares are expected to usher in a "well-off cow" for two to three years.

　　Xun Yugen, chief strategist of Haitong Securities, stressed that technology and brokers will become the leading industries in this bull market. The superposition of scientific and technological progress and policy dividends will promote the performance of the science and technology sector to rebound. With the arrival of the era of equity financing, with the diversification of business in the future, the performance of securities firms is expected to revive.

The daily tasks of the anti-cold hand tour include Qingya book, daily copy and gang’s freight task. After completion, you can get jade binding, equipment, treasure map and upgrade materials. Generally speaking, the number of tasks per day is not much. Occasionally, if you don’t finish the task for a day or two, it won’t have a great impact. It is relatively free and there are no too many restrictions on players.

A list of daily tasks of anti-cold mobile games

1. Qingya Book:

Most of this task can be finished soon, and it doesn’t take too much time to complete. Moreover, after completion, you can also get jade binding, equipment, treasure maps and some materials needed for upgrading, especially the materials needed for upgrading. By the middle and late stage, more roles need to be upgraded, which becomes very scarce items. If you have your own tasks that you don’t want to do, you can also use the refresh function to reset new tasks.

2. Daily copy:

The number of times to brush this copy is only three times a day. If you pass the customs smoothly, you will not only get some good-quality equipment, but also have the opportunity to get internal skills and some distinctive decorations. From the reward point of view, it is quite rich, and the time to brush the daily copy does not need to spend too much.

3. The delivery task of the gang:

This task is quite easy to complete, and only when players join a gang can they be qualified to take this task. You only need to provide the props that the gang requires every day, and you can get the contribution value of the gang, which is very important in the later stage and can help players get more resources and experience.

Generally speaking, in this game, the number of tasks that need to be completed every day is not much, and it will not have a great impact if you don’t complete the task for a day or two occasionally. This game is still relatively free and there are no too many restrictions on players.