Huang Yun:Good morning, journalists and friends! I’m Huang Yun, director of the General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and spokesperson. Welcome to the press conference of the State Administration of Taxation. Present at today’s conference are Ms. Meng Yuying, Director of the International Taxation Department of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Mr. Rong Hai Lou, Director of the Income Planning and Accounting Department, and Mr. Shen Xinguo, Director of the Tax Service Department. They will introduce relevant information and answer your questions.

Huang Yun, Director of the General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and spokesperson.

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to adhere to the people-centered development ideology, so that the achievements of modernization can benefit all people more fairly, and put forward clear requirements for further optimizing the business environment. The State Administration of Taxation thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China, fully implemented the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and focused on the "urgent difficulties and worries" of taxpayers. This year, with the theme of "doing a good job in benefiting the people and modernizing services", it launched the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes" for the 10th consecutive year, and launched the first batch of 17 measures for facilitating services to further solve practical problems and continuously optimize the tax business environment. These measures have been welcomed by taxpayers and payers, and some of them have been effective. For example, 13 items of tax-related fees were included in the scope of allowance, and 34 items of tax and fee information were further streamlined. Digital RMB payment of taxes and fees met the diversified needs of taxpayers, and tax and fee processing was more efficient and faster. Another example is to further play the role of tax big data, and on the premise of respecting the wishes of enterprises, to bridge the gap between enterprises with poor supply chain in the industrial chain and help the supply and demand sides to connect. In January, 426 enterprises have been helped to realize effective purchase and sale of 980 million yuan independently.

While wholeheartedly implementing the first batch of measures of the "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation", we further focused on the new demands and expectations of taxpayers and payers, and then launched the second batch of 25 measures for convenient service. These measures cover a wider range and are richer in content, and mainly have the following characteristics:First, focus on the efficient implementation of policies to help enterprises solve difficulties.For example, multi-channel accurate policy push will make the tax and fee policy dividend better direct and fast.The second is to focus on promoting intelligent taxation to help enterprises reduce burdens and increase efficiency.For example, the implementation of social insurance handling and payment business "through one network" and the exploration of the implementation of "one-click zero declaration" of stamp duty of electronic taxation bureau will make taxation more intelligent and convenient.The third is to focus on optimizing law enforcement methods to help enterprises compete fairly.For example, for some tax-related matters of a specific nature, we will implement law enforcement methods such as persuasion and education, prompting and reminding, actively carry out credit repair, and guide business entities to participate in fair competition and develop healthily and orderly.

In recent years, China tax authorities have also actively served the high-level opening-up and high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, blowing the "convenience spring breeze" to the Belt and Road.

In April 2019, in order to implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader on jointly building the Belt and Road and deepening international tax cooperation, at the initiative of China and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management cooperation mechanism was formally established, dedicated to improving the coordination and reciprocity in the tax field of the "Belt and Road" countries and building a growth-friendly tax environment. The "One Belt, One Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance is an institution specifically responsible for capacity building such as training, research and technical assistance under the cooperation mechanism. Today, the Alliance will publicly release version 1.0 of the Alliance curriculum system to the world through the cooperation mechanism of official website and the website of the Belt and Road Taxation Institute. In the construction of this curriculum system, China has actively participated in and contributed an important force through the Alliance Office. Its popularization and application will give full play to the multilateral role of the cooperation mechanism, and help us deepen international tax exchange and cooperation, and work with the tax authorities of the Belt and Road partners to jointly build the Belt and Road with high quality. Mainly reflected in:

First, take tax as the medium, learn from each other and promote the improvement of ability together.By jointly launching the curriculum system and in-depth tax training, the alliance is conducive to deepening cooperation and complementing each other’s advantages, and helping the "Belt and Road" partners to jointly improve their tax collection and management capabilities in strengthening experience sharing and mutual learning.

The second is to help finance with taxes, enhance recognition and promote the integration of rules.China’s tax authorities actively participate in the formulation of international tax rules, and promote the Belt and Road partners to better abide by and improve tax rules through alliance training, so as to enhance tax certainty, which is conducive to promoting the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards of member countries.

The third is to serve the overall situation and promote economic and trade convenience with taxation.Relying on cooperation mechanisms and alliances, China tax authorities will further strengthen personnel training, deepen international tax cooperation and mutual assistance in tax collection and management, which will help to eliminate cross-border trade and investment barriers and better promote the trade liberalization and facilitation of "Belt and Road" partners.

I’ll introduce these first, and then enter the question-and-answer session. Welcome to ask questions.

CCTV reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station asked questions.

1. CCTV reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station: Just now, Director Huang mentioned that the tax authorities have launched the second batch of 25 successive measures of the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes". Please introduce the specific situation.

Shen Xinguo, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Tax Service Department

Shen Xinguo:Thank you for your question. The State Administration of Taxation launched the second batch of 25 measures, focusing on solving practical problems for taxpayers and payers from six aspects.

In terms of "improving the quality of appeal response",Five measures, such as promoting preferential tax policies and optimizing the functions of natural person tax management system, were introduced to optimize tax payment services and enhance tax payment experience. For example, the tax authorities will make good use of the "Fengqiao experience" in the new era, continue to unblock the channels for taxpayers to express their demands and protect their rights and interests, give full play to the role of mediation, and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers and payers.

In terms of "policy implementation and efficiency improvement",Five measures, such as optimizing the library of tax and fee policies and regulations, strengthening the publicity and interpretation of tax and fee policies, and improving the awareness and delivery rate of policies, were introduced. For example, the State Administration of Taxation will optimize and improve the official website tax and fee policies and regulations library to further facilitate the public to inquire about the tax and fee policies; The "Volunteer Action of Tax Youth Helping Enterprises and Benefiting the People" will also be launched, and the vast number of tax youths will be organized to provide taxpayers with more detailed and temperature-sensitive services in the form of voluntary service, so as to promote the more accurate and effective implementation of tax and fee policies.

In terms of "fine service upgrading",Five measures were introduced, such as strengthening regional law enforcement coordination, jointly carrying out theme service month activities to help small and medium-sized enterprises develop with the departments of industry and information technology, and deepening the pilot project of "bank-tax interaction" data direct connection with the banking and insurance supervision department to better serve high-quality development. For example, the tax authorities will deepen the interactive service of tax collection and payment, and help taxpayers to solve the policy and operation problems encountered in online tax payment through "ask" and "do" collaborative services such as accurate push, intelligent response and sharing on the same screen, and assist them to complete business processing, making "non-contact" tax payment more convenient and easier to handle.

In terms of "speeding up intelligent taxation",Three measures were introduced to improve the convenience of tax payment, such as optimizing the tax terminal function of natural person tax management information system, continuously implementing social insurance handling and online "one-line communication" for payment business. For example, the tax authorities will further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces, provide more convenient tax payment methods for taxpayers operating across provinces, and realize cross-provincial tax payment without leaving home.

In terms of "streamlining processes and upgrading",Five measures, such as simplifying the stamp duty declaration process and promoting the pilot of the occupational injury protection system, were introduced to optimize the taxpayer’s handling experience. For example, the tax authorities will simplify the stamp duty declaration process, explore the combined declaration of taxable contracts with the same tax items in some industries and keep them for future reference, optimize the stamp duty declaration of the electronic tax bureau, explore the realization of "one-click zero declaration", and further optimize the taxpayer’s tax declaration experience.

In terms of "standardizing law enforcement and upgrading",Two measures were introduced to further optimize tax law enforcement and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers and payers. For example, for some tax-related business matters of a specific nature, persuasion and education, tips and reminders are promoted and used; We will strengthen the dynamic management of information on the subject of major tax violations and dishonesty, actively carry out credit repair work for taxpayers who meet the compliance conditions after correcting mistakes, and guide them to operate legally and standardize their development.

In the next step, the tax authorities will pay close attention to the implementation of the above measures, promote the spring breeze of tax collection for the convenience of the people, warm the people’s hearts, and continuously improve the sense of acquisition and satisfaction of taxpayers and payers.

Thank you!

People’s Daily reporter asked questions.

2. People’s Daily reporter: Just now, Director Shen said that one of the important contents of the second batch of measures of "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation" is to further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces in China. Can you tell us more about it?

Rong Hai Building, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Revenue Planning and Accounting Department

Rong Hai building:Thank you for your question. In recent years, the tax authorities have vigorously promoted electronic tax payment and made great efforts to provide taxpayers with convenient and efficient tax service. At present, 99% of tax returns have been processed online, and more than 95% of taxes have been paid into the warehouse by electronic tax payment. However, there are some problems, such as the low degree of electronicization and inconvenience, in the transfer and payment between the place of registration and the place of business, for the payable taxes arising from the establishment of project departments and branches across provinces and other places to carry out business activities (such as the establishment of project departments across provinces and other places to provide construction and installation services). To this end, since 2021, the tax department and the treasury department of the People’s Bank of China have strengthened collaborative innovation. With the strong support of relevant commercial banks, 12 regions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and other regions with active inter-provincial business activities have been selected to take the lead in launching cross-provincial electronic tax payment pilots, and in 2022, the promotion efforts have been further strengthened, the application scope has been expanded, and positive results have been achieved. In 2022, more than 150 commercial banks have supported the inter-provincial and off-site electronic tax payment business, and handled a total of 310,000 inter-provincial and off-site electronic tax payments with a tax revenue of 57.5 billion yuan. Taxpayers report that after electronic tax payment across provinces and different places is realized, it can be handled without leaving home, which effectively reduces the burden and improves efficiency.

This year, we will continue to improve and perfect in accordance with the deployment arrangement of the "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation", and further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces and different places in China.On the one hand,Expand the coverage of local commercial banks, cooperate with the treasury department of the People’s Bank of China to further enhance the participation of some local commercial banks that have not yet joined this business in implementing cross-provincial electronic tax payment, guide and promote more qualified local commercial banks to participate in and support cross-provincial electronic tax payment.On the other hand,Expand the coverage of tax payment business. At present, commercial banks mainly support taxpayers who have signed tax deduction agreements with tax authorities and banks to handle cross-provincial electronic tax payment business, and promote commercial banks to further optimize system functions, increase support for taxpayers who have not signed tax deduction agreements to handle cross-provincial electronic tax payment business, and further enhance the convenience of taxpayers operating across provinces. Thank you!

China securities journal reporter asked questions.

3. Reporter from china securities journal: It is also an important measure of the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes" to do a good job in the first batch of tax-related reform measures replicated and promoted in the whole country. Can you tell us more about it?

Shen Xinguo:Thank you for your question. Optimizing the business environment is the key to cultivate and stimulate the vitality of business entities and enhance the endogenous power of development. In 2021, the State Council was deployed in six cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to carry out business environment innovation pilot projects. The Party Committee of the State Administration of Taxation fully implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, thoroughly implemented the pilot work of business environment innovation, guided and urged the tax bureaus of six pilot cities to implement 16 tax-related measures and achieved remarkable results. In September, 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Replicating and Promoting Pilot Reform Measures of Business Environment Innovation, and decided to replicate and promote 50 pilot innovation measures nationwide, including 12 tax-related measures. The main highlights of these measures are:

First, continue to compress the tax payment time.The implementation of "multi-tax integration" comprehensive declaration, the pilot unit to integrate corporate income tax and property and behavior tax comprehensive declaration, relying on the electronic tax bureau to achieve "one declaration, one payment, one voucher"; Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing also include value-added tax, consumption tax and vehicle purchase tax in the scope of comprehensive declaration, making it easier for taxpayers to declare. The pilot units distribute tax UKey to taxpayers in non-contact ways such as self-collection, mail delivery and so on through channels such as electronic tax bureau. Up to now, each pilot unit has distributed more than 500,000 tax UKey in a "non-contact" way to facilitate taxpayers to issue invoices.

The second is to optimize the law enforcement supervision mechanism.Explore new ways of flexible supervision, establish a list of non-compulsory administrative measures, and implement non-compulsory administrative measures for matters that are obviously minor or have no obvious social harm and can achieve the purpose of administrative management by non-compulsory means. Up to now, the pilot units have identified 28 items that will not be enforced, which embodies the concept of "combining leniency with severity" in tax law enforcement. Accurately implement tax supervision, and explore and promote the construction of a new tax supervision system based on "credit+risk". According to the tax credit status of business entities, the pilot units will implement classified management in matters such as invoice collection and tax cancellation, and in accordance with the principle of "encouraging trustworthiness and punishing dishonesty", so that trustworthy taxpayers can enjoy more convenience, and taxpayers with low credit ratings will be subject to key supervision and strict supervision.

The third is to promote data sharing.Try out the online inquiry and verification of the national travel tax payment information, so as to facilitate the insurance institutions in the pilot cities to inquire about the national travel tax payment, and facilitate the vehicles in different places to apply for insurance and pay taxes. At the same time, the tax bureaus of the pilot cities actively cooperate with the market supervision departments to expand the business scope of "one network to run" and implement the reform of "multi-reporting in one" in the annual report of enterprises, so as to make data "run more roads" and taxpayers "run less errands".

In the next step, we will improve the working mechanism of "promoting implementation, preventing risks, supervising and asking for efficiency, tracking and evaluating, and continuously optimizing", and guide the tax authorities of pilot cities to firmly grasp the opportunities for reform, focus on what taxpayers need and expect, increase the intensity of trying first and accumulate more innovative experience. At the same time, guide and urge the tax authorities in non-pilot areas to effectively do a good job in replication and promotion, so that innovative measures can achieve greater results nationwide and promote the overall continuous optimization and improvement of China’s tax business environment.

Thank you!

Xinhua News Agency reporter asked questions.

4. Xinhua News Agency reporter: Director Huang just talked about the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance. Excuse me, what is the main work carried out by this alliance and how effective is it?

Meng Yuying, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China International Taxation Department.

Meng Yuying:Thank you for your question. The "Belt and Road" tax collection and management cooperation mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the cooperation mechanism) is the first long-term multilateral tax cooperation mechanism initiated by China. The cooperation mechanism is based on the concerns of the tax authorities of the countries that jointly build the "Belt and Road", and is committed to strengthening the capacity building of tax collection and management and promoting the construction of a growth-friendly tax environment. At present, the number of members of the Council of the cooperation mechanism has increased to 36, and the number of observers has increased to 30. The "circle of friends" and its influence have continued to expand.

The "Belt and Road" Alliance for Promoting Tax Collection and Management Capacity (hereinafter referred to as the Alliance) is an important part of the cooperation mechanism and a multilateral institution responsible for carrying out capacity-building projects such as training, research and technical assistance. The President of the Alliance is responsible for coordinating and organizing the implementation of the Alliance’s work plan and training programs; There is an alliance office, which is responsible for coordinating the development of the "Belt and Road" tax college and other related work of the alliance, and co-located with the secretariat of the cooperation mechanism in Beijing. As a member of the Alliance, China State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, together with the tax authorities of 19 other members of the Alliance and 14 partners, has made great efforts to enhance tax exchange and cooperation among countries that have jointly built the Belt and Road Initiative, and promote the common improvement of tax collection and management capabilities.

Since the alliance was established more than three years ago, it has mainly done the following work:

The first is to carry out various forms of tax training.Carrying out tax training is the main starting point for the alliance to promote the common improvement of collection and management capabilities. Since the first training session was held in Yangzhou "One Belt, One Road" Taxation College in 2019, the Alliance has held more than 50 training sessions through online and offline training modes, and more than 3,000 tax officials from more than 100 countries (regions) have participated in the training, which has deepened tax cooperation and friendship among countries and won unanimous praise from students from all over the world.

The second is to build a "Belt and Road" tax college.At present, the Alliance has successively established five "Belt and Road" tax colleges in Yangzhou, China, Beijing, China, Macao, China, Astana, Kazakhstan and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and established a network of multilingual training institutions radiating English, Chinese, Portuguese, Russian and Arabic. The alliance takes Yangzhou "Belt and Road" Taxation College as the main position, which drives Astana, Macao, China and other colleges to carry out various training activities to meet the development needs of different regions every year, and the role of the alliance training institution network is increasingly apparent.

The third is to form an international team of teachers.Tax experts are widely invited by the Alliance Office to join the first batch of expert teachers in the Alliance. These experts come from government finance and taxation departments, international organizations, academic circles and industries, and their offices are located in 13 countries (regions) on 5 continents. They have profound industry background, good professional quality and rich working experience, which fully embodies the requirements of specialization and internationalization. Experts in the field of taxation in China and officials from taxation departments also actively participated in the lectures.

The fourth is to promote the construction of the alliance curriculum system.Since the training in 2019, relying on the Yangzhou Belt and Road Taxation Institute, the Alliance has successively launched four online courses, namely, tax dispute resolution, digitalization of tax collection and management, tax service and value-added tax reform. On this basis, the Alliance Office has extensively absorbed opinions and suggestions from all parties, actively learned from the experience of other international organizations in carrying out professional training, and designed and completed version 1.0 of the Alliance curriculum system.

According to the development plan of the alliance, the alliance office will invite more international tax experts to join the team of alliance experts, further strengthen cooperation and exchanges based on the characteristics of the "Belt and Road" tax colleges, comprehensively develop knowledge products, share training resources such as teachers and courses, realize the alliance training with wider coverage, larger scale and richer content, promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" countries, and further enhance the international influence of the alliance.

China Daily reporter asked questions.

5. China Daily reporter: Director Meng just talked about the 1.0 version of the curriculum system of the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance. Can you introduce this curriculum system in detail?

Meng Yuying:Thank you for your question. The Alliance Office will release version 1.0 of the Alliance Curriculum System in official website today. In order to continue to play the role of the alliance capacity-building platform, realize the common improvement of the tax collection and management capacity of the countries building the Belt and Road, and promote the standardization and systematization of alliance training, the alliance is practical, practical and effective-oriented, adheres to the scientific, systematic and inclusive design concept, closely follows the functional orientation of the tax department and the duties of tax personnel, and constantly summarizes practical experience to design and form the alliance curriculum system version 1.0, aiming at helping students understand tax rules and best through training.

The 1.0 version of the curriculum system includes 4 themes and 65 courses. The four themes are tax system, tax collection and digitalization, tax business environment and tax service, and tax cooperation. According to the principles of from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, alliance courses are divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. 90% of the courses will be launched before August this year, and all courses will be launched during the year.

The design of version 1.0 of the alliance curriculum system mainly has three characteristics:

First, insist on discussing, building and sharing.The Alliance Office fully communicates with the members of the cooperation mechanism, alliance members, partners and academic circles, and brainstorms ideas to jointly build an alliance curriculum system. Invite tax officials from relevant countries (regions), teachers from the "Belt and Road" tax institute and experts from international organizations to participate in the course design and teaching. The remarkable increase in the participation of all parties better reflects the multilateral characteristics of the alliance and will further promote mutual learning and learning.

The second is to adhere to demand orientation.The course not only covers the universally applicable contents such as tax system, tax collection and management, and tax service, but also takes into account the areas such as tax dispute settlement and business environment optimization that tax officials in countries building the "Belt and Road" together, and at the same time, appropriately integrates the frontier research hotspots in the international tax field such as the "two-pillar" scheme. Combined with the feedback from the questionnaire of the students in the pilot courses and the practical experience of training, these course designs can better meet the training needs of tax personnel in countries that jointly build the "Belt and Road".

The third is to adhere to dynamic, inclusive and open.The alliance curriculum system adopts the design idea of dynamic optimization, closely follows the development and changes of international rules, pays attention to the latest trends of international taxation, continuously updates and dynamically adjusts according to the actual needs and feedback from students’ questionnaires, aiming at the innovation of taxation theory and practice. At the same time, we will draw on and absorb opinions from all walks of life, welcome countries to share their best practices on the alliance platform, and continue to invite experts from all walks of life to participate in teaching, open to the world and constantly improve.

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, China actively participated in the curriculum design of the Alliance, and introduced and shared the experiences and practices of China tax authorities. In the next step, according to the development plan of the Alliance, the Alliance Office will work with all participants and lecturers to promote courseware production and translation, video recording and online courses in an orderly manner, further optimize and improve the courses according to the actual situation, and make preparations for opening offline courses.

Thank you!

China Youth Daily reporter asked questions.

6. China Youth Daily reporter: We are concerned that in recent years, some criminals have carried out tax-related fraud through the Internet. Excuse me, how can taxpayers prevent this kind of fraud? What has the tax department done to crack down on online tax-related fraud?

Huang Yun:Thank you for your question. As you said, in recent years, some lawless elements have used the Internet and new media to conduct false guidance and even implement online tax-related fraud, extending the "black hand" to taxpayers.

According to the information we have collected, there are at least the following types of online tax-related fraud: some directly swindle taxpayers’ money to gain illegal benefits, some illegally defraud taxpayers’ information, especially personal privacy and business secrets, for "gray transactions", and some deliberately create panic to attract taxpayers to expand their business. From the point of view of means, criminals usually pretend to be tax officials in the form of text messages, telephone calls, internet or even direct visits, and use tax inspection, winning prizes and other excuses to induce taxpayers to transfer payments or provide relevant information; Others use video clips, online training and other means to distort and interpret tax policies and tax management, and deceive taxpayers in the name of helping solve tax-related problems to achieve their illegal profit.

Here, we give the taxpayers some tips to prevent fraud and fraud:The first is to raise awareness of prevention.In case of pretending to be a tax official to collect taxes and fees, promoting various "new policies" for tax refund or receiving unknown links and QR codes forged as tax-related information, we must be highly vigilant, refuse temptation, calmly identify, and never reveal privacy or make transfer payments.The second is to identify official channels.Carry out business handling and tax-related consultation through the official websites of the State Administration of Taxation and local tax authorities, service hotlines, electronic tax bureaus and other channels. Don’t trust unofficial information and channels, and beware of fraud induced by criminals.The third is to report and verify in time.In case of any relevant situation, please consult the 12366 service hotline or the competent tax authorities for further verification, or immediately call 110 and the national anti-fraud hotline 96110 for help.

The State Administration of Taxation attaches great importance to cracking down on online tax-related fraud, continues to carry out anti-fraud propaganda, and actively establishes and improves the linkage mechanism with public security departments to carry out governance. At the same time, the State Internet Information Office and the State Administration of Markets jointly issued the "On Regulating Tax-related Intermediary Services   The Notice on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Tax-related Intermediary Industry severely investigated and dealt with illegal acts such as false propaganda information and malicious tax planning by tax-related intermediaries, and publicly exposed a number of typical cases with bad nature.

In the next step, we will continue to intensify efforts to control tax-related fraud and public exposure, strengthen the crackdown and strengthen the shock, and fully protect the national tax interests and the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers.

Thank you!

Huang Yun:Because of the time, the question-and-answer session ends here. In the next step, the national tax system will continue to follow the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and continue to carry out the "Spring Breeze Action to Facilitate Taxes" in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, constantly optimize the tax business environment, actively promote high-quality development, fully serve the high-level opening up, give full play to and expand the basic, pillar and supportive role of tax revenue in national governance, and promote the overall improvement of economic operation and achieve effective upgrading and upgrading of quality.

Today’s press conference is over. Thank you again for your friends from the media.

Improve public services, help overcome poverty, lead green environmental protection and support small and medium-sized enterprises.
Multi-win situation of government procurement

In 2019, the national government procurement scale was 3,306.7 billion yuan, accounting for 10% and 3.3% of the national fiscal expenditure and GDP respectively. The government procurement system not only regulates and saves financial expenditure, but also undertakes more policy functions, which strongly supports the development of various national undertakings. With the continuous improvement of standardization and transparency of government procurement, it has a direct role in promoting budget performance management and promoting government affairs openness.

On December 29th, 2020, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the Administrative Measures for Government Procurement to Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to further support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of government procurement. Government procurement helps "small" and "micro", and the measures are practical.

In recent years, the term "government procurement" has frequently entered the public eye. What policy role can this expenditure mode play? How to further improve government procurement? The reporter conducted an interview on this.

The scope of government procurement is constantly expanding and its functions are constantly upgrading.

In 2019, the national government procurement scale was 3,306.7 billion yuan, accounting for 10% and 3.3% of the national fiscal expenditure and GDP respectively. The government procurement system not only regulates and saves financial expenditure, but also undertakes more policy functions, which strongly supports the development of various national undertakings.

-Improve the efficiency in the use of government procurement funds for public services and safeguard social public interests.

"Government purchasing services" is a major innovation in the way government services are provided in recent years-from the services required by the government to public services, from the initial sanitation cleaning services to public legal services, public cultural services, public sports services, medical and health services, education services, disabled services, old-age services, youth services and other fields.

On January 3, 2020, the Ministry of Finance promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement of Services, which regulated the subjects, undertakers and contents of purchases. "In the future, public services in the field of people’s livelihood will be more provided by the market, and the government will choose to undertake the main link and apply the relevant policies and regulations on government procurement, which will enhance the cost performance of the purchased services and safeguard national interests and social public interests." Yang Zhiyong, vice president of the Institute of Finance and Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

-purchasing agricultural products from poverty-stricken areas to help fight poverty.

At present, "poverty-relief commodities" from 22 provinces and 832 poverty-stricken counties in China are being purchased in batches by budget purchasing units on the "online sales platform for agricultural and sideline products in poverty-stricken areas" built by the Ministry of Finance and the National Supply and Marketing Federation. As of December 27th, 2020, this government procurement e-commerce platform, referred to as "832 platform", has put more than 90,000 items on the shelves, with a total turnover of 8 billion yuan.

"Integrating government procurement policies into the fight against poverty will help the poor to increase their income and get rid of poverty, and promote the stable poverty alleviation of the poor and the sustainable development of industries in poverty-stricken areas." Shen Xuefeng, a researcher at the China Academy of Fiscal Science, said.

-expanding the scope of green procurement and giving play to the demonstration effect of environmental protection.

"Coal to electricity projects, urban black and odorous water treatment, water source protection, soil pollution prevention and control projects, mainly by government procurement. In addition, the use of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products by government procurement has a significant leading demonstration effect on the formation of energy-saving and emission-reducing and green consumption habits in the whole society. " Yang Zhiyong said.

The data shows that in the "bill" of national government procurement in 2019, the national compulsory and priority procurement of energy-saving and water-saving products was 63.37 billion yuan, accounting for 90% of the procurement scale of similar products, and the national priority procurement of environmental protection products was 71.87 billion yuan, accounting for 88% of the procurement scale of similar products.

-expand the share of procurement contracts for small and medium-sized enterprises and support the realization of national macro-control objectives.

As early as 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Interim Measures for Government Procurement to Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, which expanded the share of small and medium-sized enterprises in government procurement contracts through measures such as reserving shares and evaluating preferential treatment. In 2019, the contract amount awarded to small and medium-sized enterprises by national government procurement was 2,451.91 billion yuan, accounting for 74.1% of the national government procurement scale. The new policy at the end of 2020 will further expand the share of government procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises, which will more strongly support the development of such enterprises.

Improve the standardization and transparency of procurement, and promote the openness of government affairs by "understanding accounts"

In July, 2020, with the supplier successfully completing the online decryption of bidding documents in the remote bid opening hall of "Zhengcaiyun" platform of Guangxi Government Procurement Center, the property service procurement project of Guangxi Public Resource Trading Center entered the bid opening procedure.

"Opening bids without meeting" lightens the burden of bidding enterprises, is conducive to epidemic prevention and control, and also improves the procurement efficiency, which is the latest achievement of "internet plus government procurement" reform. Online operation in the whole process of bid opening and evaluation, leaving traces step by step, and open and transparent online inquiry and response can effectively reduce corruption in the field of government procurement.

"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the government procurement management system has been improved day by day, and the system of government procurement transactions with public bidding as the main procurement method has been continuously enriched, the’ internet plus government procurement’ has been steadily promoted, the construction of central and local electronic stores has been strengthened, the procurement efficiency has been improved, the regulations and practices that hinder fair competition in the field of government procurement have been comprehensively cleaned up, and the business environment for government procurement has been optimized." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said.

In recent years, it is the top priority of government procurement management to establish the whole process information disclosure mechanism and carry out "transactions under the sun". In 2020, the Ministry of Finance made it clear that all procurement projects implemented by the central budget units should disclose their procurement intentions to the public in accordance with regulations, further improve the transparency of government procurement, ensure all market entities to participate in government procurement activities on an equal footing, and improve procurement performance.

In recent years, all localities have continuously improved the transparency of procurement, and achieved remarkable savings. For example, the government procurement center of the central state organs saved 3,150,650 yuan in procurement funds in the disabled elderly care service project of the China Red Cross Society Career Development Center, with a saving rate of 39.38%.

"Improving the government procurement policy not only saves financial funds, but also has a direct role in promoting budget performance management, promoting government affairs openness and curbing corruption." Yang Zhiyong said.

Accelerate the establishment of a modern government procurement system, expand the scale of procurement and improve procurement efficiency.

"China’s government procurement system has made gratifying achievements, but it is not mature enough to fully meet the requirements of the current national governance capacity and modernization of the governance system." Xu Hongcai, Vice Minister of Finance, believes that there are some problems in the current government procurement system, such as extensive management of procurement transaction system, poor policy transmission mechanism, and the performance level of procurement agencies and evaluation experts needs to be improved.

In Xu Hongcai’s view, these problems will lead to low procurement efficiency and satisfaction, and limit the implementation effect of procurement policies.

To this end, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in order to solve the current problems in government procurement, relevant reform measures will be steadily promoted in accordance with the requirements of the "Deepening the Reform Plan of Government Procurement System" adopted by the Central Committee for Deep Reform.

For example, in view of the shortcomings of the current government procurement law in the implementation process, the government procurement laws and regulations are revised. For another example, based on the principle of "who purchases, who is responsible", establish and improve the purchaser’s responsibility mechanism for procurement results, improve the internal control management of purchasers, and improve the purchaser’s professional procurement ability.

"In addition, it is necessary to further improve the government procurement transaction mechanism and strengthen the government procurement policy function." The person in charge said that it is necessary to promote the realization of the procurement goal of "high quality and good price", and clarify the application of different competition scopes and different procurement methods in combination with different project demand characteristics, performance objectives and market supply and demand, so as to improve procurement efficiency and capital application efficiency. At the same time, efforts should be made to build a standard system of government procurement requirements and improve the implementation measures of government procurement policies.

"International government procurement generally accounts for about 15% of GDP, and in China it is less than 4%, and there is still great potential to be tapped." Yang Zhiyong said that the government procurement laws and regulations system should be further improved, and a more scientific government procurement system should be designed according to the requirements of incentive compatibility mechanism, so as to stimulate the enthusiasm of government purchasers and fully release the policy role of government procurement. "In the final analysis, it is still necessary to accelerate the establishment of a modern government procurement system that adapts to the characteristics of market transactions and stimulates the enthusiasm of all participants." (Reporter Qu Zhehan)

　　Throughout modern history, smallpox has held the top spot in killing human beings.

　　Smallpox is also the first infectious disease eliminated by human beings.

　　When future generations are exploring what killed smallpox, the trekking about how human beings overcome diseases step by step has merged into the long river of human medical history.

　　It is necessary for us to wade into this river at any time, go back to the way we came and find hope for the future.

　　The pockmarked emperor and the milkmaid

　　It is mentioned in Huangdi Neijing that "poison" should be used to treat diseases, and the so-called "fight poison with poison". Traditional Chinese medicine began to use this method to deal with smallpox, which existed during the Tang and Song Dynasties. Doctors take out the serous fluid from the abscess of smallpox patients and implant it into the body of healthy people for prevention and treatment, which is called human pox vaccination.

　　During the Wanli and Apocalypse years of Ming Dynasty, various books about human pox appeared. By the Qing dynasty, the method of preventing smallpox by human pox vaccination was widely promoted. Kangxi, the "pockmarked-faced emperor" who had suffered from smallpox, set up a pox clinic under the Tai Hospital and recruited famous doctors. Also in Beijing, a special "acne check chapter Beijing" is set up to take charge of the Eight Banners’ acne prevention. He specially sent people to welcome Ayla Zhang, a well-known folk vaccinia doctor, into the palace to vaccinate the royal family and banners.

　　Jared diamond, an evolutionary biologist and anthropologist, once revealed how the human body can defeat the virus: in the process of resisting a certain pathogen that infects the human body, the human body will gradually form specific antibodies, which makes it unlikely to be infected by the same pathogen again after recovery.

　　In the thousands of years of confrontation between human beings and smallpox, the latter has occupied an absolute advantage for a long time, and "pockmarked face" is so common that people without pockmarked face become special.

　　The 18th century was the age when smallpox ravaged Europe, and the British doctor edward Cenna (1749-1829) devoted himself to studying the solution. He noticed that almost all the female milkmaids had no "pockmarked faces". The beautiful milkmaid aroused Qinna’s curiosity, and he found one thing in common with them — — Cowpox of a milkmaid.

　　Vaccinia is a virus that can be co-infected by humans and animals, but it does no serious harm to cattle and people. There is a saying in the English countryside that "as long as you have suffered from vaccinia, you will not get smallpox".

　　Since 1788, Qinna began to carry out experiments on animals, using vaccinia of dairy women instead of smallpox patients to fight smallpox. For 8 years in a row, the experiment pointed to the same result, and vaccinia can effectively prevent smallpox.

　　On May 14th, 1796, Qinna conducted the first human experiment. He took the serous fluid Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid, and inoculated it on the arm of phipps, an 8-year-old boy. Two months later, he inoculated phipps with real smallpox slurry. As a result, the boy was not infected with smallpox, and the previous vaccination seemed to have made him immune.

　　In the following two years, Qinna conducted the same human experiment many times, and the results were the same: all children who had had vaccinia were immune to smallpox virus. In 1798, Chennault announced that smallpox could be prevented by vaccination.

　　Vaccinium vaccination spread rapidly around the world. In 1977, Ethiopia recorded the last case of smallpox in human history. On October 26, 1979, WHO officially publicized that smallpox was eradicated all over the world.

　　This is the first time in human history to win the battle against infectious diseases.

　　Fatal bacteria and life-saving bacteria

　　Although the practical application of vaccinia technology is very successful, scientists are not satisfied. People need to explain theoretically why vaccinia can fight smallpox.

　　In the 1950s, chemist Louis Pasteur confirmed the relationship between diseases and germs, and found that specific microbial pathogens could cause specific diseases. Moreover, he found that the long-term growth toxicity of bacteria on artificial culture medium would be weakened, but the immunogenicity still existed.

　　According to this theory, in 1881, Pasteur artificially attenuated Bacillus anthracis with strong immunogenicity and inoculated it into sheep, which finally proved that sheep inoculated with Bacillus anthracis vaccine would not get the disease again.

　　Rabies virus can not be isolated and cultured like bacteria, but Pasteur confirmed that the pathogenic microorganism causing rabies exists in the spinal cord or brain tissue of sick animals. Therefore, he chose rabbit brain for subculture to obtain attenuated strains, and then successfully made live vaccines.

　　With the development of microbiology and immunology, vaccine is really defined as active immunity preparation for preventing infectious diseases, which is made of pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, etc.) and their metabolites by artificial attenuation, inactivation or genetic engineering.

　　Based on this method, more vaccines can appear. Attenuated live vaccine made by heating inactivation of Vibrio cholerae; After 13 years and 213 generations of continuous culture on the culture medium, attenuated BCG was obtained.

　　With the development of the discipline, some traditional classical vaccine varieties have been further transformed into new vaccines, and some vaccines that cannot be developed with classical technology have found ways to solve the problem.

　　In 1972, recombinant genetic engineering contributed a lot of technical support and gave birth to recombinant gene vaccine. By using DNA recombinant biotechnology, natural or synthetic genetic material which can induce immune response in protein of pathogen shell can be directionally inserted into bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells, and the vaccine can be made after expression and purification. Nowadays, BCG, recombination vaccines, SARS vaccine, HIV vaccine and highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine are being studied.

　　Conjugate vaccine appeared in 1980s. Scientists linked sugar molecules with protein (toxoid of Clostridium tetanus or diphtheria) by chemical methods, and developed a conjugate vaccine. Vaccines against pneumonia and meningitis are made in this way.

　　Looking at the present, the vaccine that has attracted much attention is none other than nucleic acid vaccine. Nucleic acid vaccine, also known as gene vaccine or DNA vaccine, transports DNA vaccine to human cells through some carrier (such as nanoparticles), which will guide the cells to produce immune active components, and then the cells will "spit out" these active components to stimulate the human body to obtain corresponding immunity, but it will not cause disease.

　　Nucleic acid vaccine can even transfect food cells, such as inserting hepatitis B virus nucleic acid vaccine into the genome of tomato cells, and inoculating the vaccine when eating tomatoes.

　　Scientific and technological progress brings infinite possibilities, and the new exploration of vaccination methods is also the tireless pursuit of scientists. In addition to traditional injection methods, oral administration, skin patch, nasal spray and improved fruit are all targets.

　　A never-ending struggle

　　With the development of immunology research, people have more and more expectations for vaccines, hoping that they will not only "prevent diseases". Researchers are already in action, trying to achieve the effect of treating diseases or preventing diseases from worsening by inducing specific immune responses. Such vaccine products are therapeutic vaccines.

　　There are many therapeutic vaccines that have been studied all over the world: tumor vaccines used for tumor treatment use tumor antigens for active immunization to stimulate the body’s active specific immune response to tumors to prevent the growth, spread and metastasis of tumors; Vaccines used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases aim at intervening the immune process to prevent the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). A Swiss biotechnology company said that CYT006-AngQb, a vaccine used to treat hypertension, has a good clinical development prospect … …

　　On the other hand, when human beings are struggling to move forward, the "perpetrators" of infectious diseases are not willing to be silent. Since 1970s, more than 40 infectious diseases have been discovered in the world, such as HIV virus, avian influenza virus, SARS virus, mad cow disease prion, monkeypox virus, Lyme virus, Ebola virus, Legionella, Vibrio cholerae O139 and so on. People’s common influenza viruses are constantly innovating. For example, after the "Spanish flu" caused by H1N1 virus, the "Asian flu" and the "Hong Kong flu" were staged by H3N2 subtype virus. Or a lower-grade flu, it is staged almost every few years in Europe, America and Asia. There are also new viruses that have never met each other, eyeing and hiding in the dark.

　　"The only competitor competing with humans for the dominance of the earth is the virus." The words of lederberg, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958, sounded like an alarm bell. In the past two hundred years, the confrontation between human beings and germs was the fiercest. For the first time, we turned the tables, stood in a pre-emptive position, and seized the throat of the biggest killer of human beings. Compared with the end of the 19th century, the average life expectancy of human beings has been extended for several decades.

　　We have opened the "box" of vaccines. Overcoming the challenge of disease again and again makes us believe that disease creates problems and also provides understanding.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao-cover journalist Li Yuanli

　　[References]

　　1. zhangfang, from human pox to cowpox [J], Science World, 06, 2018;

　　2. [America] jared diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel, Shanghai Translation Publishing House;

　　3. Huang Jiandong, the milestone of human conquest of smallpox — — Jenner’s Invention of Vaccinium Inoculation [J], Invention and Innovation, 2003, (9): 42-43;

　　4, Liu Xueli, China’s ancient immune thought and human pox vaccination [J], Medicine and Philosophy, 1993 (11);

　　5. Kou Yi, Brief Introduction of Three Vaccine Revolutions [J], Chinese Journal of Medical History;

　　6. Plotkin, Vaccine Science (5th Edition) (Fine), People’s Health Publishing House, 2011;

　　7. Xie Zhongping and Li Qihan, Fighting Infectious Diseases: Application and Development of Vaccines, 2007.

Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is a major deployment made by the CPC Central Committee. As for starting a business, we have heard the story that some entrepreneurs often raise millions of dollars and get rich overnight. Is it really that easy to start a business? It is also said that the success rate of starting a business is less than 1%, and a startup enterprise may face death if it is not careful. Is entrepreneurship really that terrible? The series report "Entrepreneurship on the Road" tells the ups and downs of these young people’s entrepreneurial stories.

Special feature of 1905 film network Since it was released for four days on March 24th, the box office has reached 50 million yuan, which has been severely suppressed, with less than 10% of the films. It is definitely hopeless to reproduce the glory of hundreds of millions of box office of variety movies such as Run, Brothers.

However, this is definitely a good thing. In the past three years, it has been criticized by the industry for its inferior quality and squandering money. The audience’s rating hovers around 3, 4 and 5 points, but the box office is often hundreds of millions of variety movies. Finally, it is necessary to embark on the road of self-creation. Because a hammer sale can’t last long after all!

Why is the variety movie so unpopular, and where is its original sin? Let’s take a look at its three major criminal evidences that have been criticized:

Three major criminal evidences of variety movies

1, shoddy, low quality

The production cycle of variety movies is very short, usually no more than one week. Although the shooting cycle and the final quality of the film are not necessarily equal, especially for small-budget independent films. For example, the shooting cycle of Jin Jide’s films is generally less than one month, but these films have gone through a long period of preparation and planning in the early stage, and the scripts have been revised several times, and the shots are also carefully drawn, so every picture is already in the director’s mind.

"Happy Comedian" was only approved by the Film Bureau in August last year, and a press conference was held four months later to announce the final file. It took a total of six months from the early preparation to the late announcement. How can such a film have a high quality? Therefore, many scenes in the film are out of sync, and the lines should be adjusted in the later dubbing stage.

2. The plot is weak and the acting skills are poor

Most variety movies can’t talk about the plot, because TV variety shows are put on the big screen, and what’s more, even the quality of daily variety shows is not comparable. Without the plot, there is naturally no acting. Even Bo Huang, Sun Honglei, Huang Lei and other acting schools have no room for acting in variety movies, let alone other variety coffee.

There are some plots in The Happy Comedy, but there is no logic in the plot: Degang Guo inexplicably organized an outline team, a group of people inexplicably came to Macau, Degang Guo was inexplicably kidnapped, and others inexplicably found out that Degang Guo was not kidnapped but was invited to perform the program. In short, it is inexplicably creating contradictions and conflicts, and then inexplicably dissolving them.

In addition, due to the one-sided character setting in the script, a group of actors in "Happy Comedian" applied their performance mode on the sketch stage to the film: Yun-peng Yue was responsible for "playing cheap", Allen was responsible for "playing dumb", Zhang Xiaofei was responsible for "being a woman" and Pan Binlong was responsible for "being shameless". The big screen really can’t afford this kind of sketch acting!

3. Seize the schedule and disrupt the market.

The previous variety movies were shown in the Spring Festival and Lunar New Year, and they always wanted to squeeze into the best schedule of the year and tear a piece of meat from the teeth of various commercial blockbusters. Nowadays, in the decline of variety movies, "Happy Comedian" was squeezed out of the original Spring Festival file and came to a relatively deserted schedule in March. Although it was also squeezed by the Hollywood blockbuster "King Kong", if we look at other films of the same period, only 0.7% of the films won the Golden Horse Award, and the box office was only 2.54 million.

By contrast, it is not difficult to find that,Tolerance for variety movies is cruelty to other filmmakers who seriously make movies.! As Xiaogang Feng said: "The filming was completed in six days, and it also won a high box office, which will lead to no producer willing to continue to invest in a serious and hard-working film."

In the past three years, how did variety movies come into being and how did they turn from prosperity to decline? Let’s take a look back:

The Death History of Variety Movies

Variety movies are a product with China characteristics. Many variety shows in China are imported from Japan and South Korea, but there are no similar movies in Japan and South Korea. Even in the United States, where the film genre is the most developed, there is no variety film. In the final analysis, variety shows have been put on the big screen, which is closely related to the popularity of IP fever in recent years and the influx of hot money into the film and television circle.

The first initiator, of course, was the big movie "Where is Dad?" in the Spring Festival of 2014. This TV variety equivalent to an extended version was grandly packaged on the big screen, and it was easy to harvest nearly 700 million at the box office. Seeing that the money came so easily, the filmmakers certainly wouldn’t give up easily, so they launched a big movie the next year, but this time the box office plummeted to 223 million. The film is still relatively wise, leaving early and not continuing to launch "Where is Dad Going 3".

In the same period, Wang Yuelun, who participated in the first season of "Where’s Dad?", also wanted a piece of the action. He found other guests in the first season to make a film. Although the box office was only 116 million, it has already created a box office record for the director of this bad film, and earned enough money for him not to come out and poison the audience for several years.

Compared with movies, the production cost of variety movies is really much lower, and the popularity of variety shows can save a lot of publicity expenses, so other variety shows still can’t help but have the ambition to make money in the film circle. For example, "Run! The big movie "Brothers" has a box office of 435 million yuan, but the Douban score is only 3.4 points. The audience frequently reflects that it is not as good as the variety show on TV and feels cheated.

It is precisely because of the ugly eating of this variety movie that director Xiaogang Feng blasted the variety movie to disrupt the market order. A stone has stirred up a thousand waves, and all kinds of critical voices are endless, but it has not stopped the variety movies from advancing wave after wave. A year later, Dragon TV’s ace variety "Extreme Challenge" also released a big movie. The box office of the film has dropped to 126 million, and the Douban score is only 4.3 points. Although the movie version tried to add some plots, it was reflected by netizens that the game link imitated the Japanese drama fraud game.

There are others, all of which failed in reviews and box office. Not to mention, because of the dispute with Chris Lee, the release has been in the foreseeable future.

In today’s "Happy Comedian" movie, the film borrows the identities of several guests in the original variety show and fabricates a story of "Looking for Degang Guo", which is the same as most movies that Degang Guo once participated in.The script is full of loopholes, the performance is full of routines, the production is insincere, and the existence is meaningless, deceiving the audience’s feelings and wasting the audience’s life.. But no matter what the box office is, Degang Guo has nothing to lose, because although Deyun Society is the producer of the film, the film has been released with a guaranteed release, so Mr. Guo still laughs last.

From the release of "Where is Dad?" in early 2014, to Xiaogang Feng’s shooting at variety movies in early 2015, and to the dismal box office of "Happy Comedian" this year, this genre, which once attracted countless audiences and caused numerous filmmakers to criticize, is finally coming to an end.This is the choice of the audience, and it is also the outcome of people’s wishes. It also shows that China’s film market is becoming more and more standardized. Any act of deceiving the audience by IP and making money by movies will be rewarded by the market.

Special feature of 1905 film network The seven-day holiday of the Spring Festival has come to an end. During this Spring Festival, did you watch other movies besides the big hit movies on the first day of the New Year? On the Spring Festival, the cartoon was released in China on February 1st, and received a lot of praise.

This animation, also from France, can’t help but remind people of 2015. The film restores an ancient Paris and tells an inspirational story with the struggle history of a girl with a dance dream.

Under the director’s control, the film has a smooth and accurate commercial narrative, and at the same time, it does not become a cliche and does not fall into the dog’s blood that scatters chicken soup for the soul. It can be said that outside Hollywood and Japan, this French cartoon once again explains the significance of combining literature and art, style, elegance and classic narrative.

When we turn our attention to animated films from Hollywood and Japan to other countries in Europe, Oceania and Asia, we will find that many "different styles" of animated films flash one by one. Whether it is budding, stained with strong Truffaut characteristics, or with Chinese spirit, ink animation is unique and individual.

Here, Xiao Dianjun will take stock of ten non-Hollywood and Japanese animations with unique temperament and not to be missed.

The Little Prince

Director: mark osborne

Region: France

Release date: 2015

As a stop-motion animation, The Little Prince is actually a work that combines the fairy tale book The Little Prince with the process of Exupery’s creation of The Little Prince. Moderately added some original content, so that the story of the little prince has more realistic care and significance.

In fact, "The Little Prince" is not a young cartoon, but a "serious movie" shot for adult audiences. The propositions about life, life, friendship, the meaning of love, death and existence contained in the story are obviously not for children. It should be said that this edition of "The Little Prince" tells the sadness of a person after adulthood.

Originally, he was a free prince and the owner of a planet, but in a commercialized world, he could only be a cleaner. How sad it is. Here, the director made a sharp criticism of "material desire" and "following the rules" life, which made the film full of speculative colors.

Crazy date, beautiful city

Director: sylvain chomet

Region: France

Release date: 2003

It is an indescribable animation. The minimalist painting style, imaginative and deformed character design, zero lines and the creativity of emphasizing songs all make this animation stand out from the crowd.

Although the story of the film is quite simple and has a certain tendency of Hollywood stylized design, the expression and style of the whole film are extremely unique. As the title character, the "Sisters Trio" only participates in the development of the plot as Su Sha’s helper, and the director’s main purpose is to satirize the so-called "aesthetic perversion".

In fact, the beauty of the "Beautiful City" is not because of the dazzling array of goods and beautiful buildings, not to mention the bloated citizens, but because of the trio of women and Su Sha from afar. What the film really praises is this "beauty of female virtue".

The story of the night

Director: michel ocelot

Region: France

Release date: 2011

Stylistic expression is the greatest feature of michel ocelot’s Tale of the Night. The whole animation is presented in the form of "paper-cutting", with six short stories, which explain the themes such as freedom, work, love, wisdom, life, death and so on.

Although Oslow’s expression of these themes is a little blunt and direct, the bizarre animation method and the artistic personality of silhouette are still unforgettable. Silhouette has a religious grotesque in visual expression. This absurdity fits well with the western classic fairy tales themselves.

More surprisingly, at the end of each story, Oslow arranged a "reverse" ending. From classic fairy tales to modern drama, Oslow’s reversal has become a top priority. Although some people criticized this reversal for being blunt and reluctant, from the perspective of "rewriting classics", Oslow’s ingenuity is unobstructed.

Adventures of jabbering

Director: michel ocelot

Region: France　

Release date: 1998

Like all of michel ocelot’s films, The Adventures of Grumbling is a film that adapts and deconstructs traditional fairy tales. It tells the story of human fear and rejection of dissidents, and expresses men’s oppression and illusion of women. Finally, love makes people regain their senses and mature.

Of course, this kind of adult-oriented film is not just a fairy tale, but more like an adult fable, although Oslow did not put on a high profile in the film and educate the audience with a good attitude as a teacher. The plot and the final theme of the story are wrapped in a dramatic little story.

After the film was released, it was well received. Oslow took the opportunity to create two sequels, jabber and the beast and jabber and man and woman, as a supplement and interpretation of Adventure. These two films were praised and loved by their own good descriptions of black Africa and praise for vitality.

The Secret of Kyle Sutra

Director: tomm moore/Nora Twomey

Region: Ireland　

Release date: 2009

Although the story frame of the film comes from Irish legends, the specific stories and characters are made up by the director. Book of kells is real and pirate invasion is real, but it is not as shown in the animation. To be exact, the characters, stories and backgrounds in the novel are almost all made up by tomm moore.

The painting of the film is completely around the Irish artistic style in the Middle Ages. Many buildings, music and paintings in the middle world are the materials that the director draws on — — This includes book of kells itself. When the director treats the story from this unique angle, he can naturally find the most unique expression.

Similarly, it is another work by tomm moore. In this animation about natural elves, the director still uses Nordic artistic concepts and materials to create a unique animation.

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In October 1938, the Japanese army invaded South China in an all-round way. In this hot land of light, the soldiers of the People’s Self-Defense Forces of Dongbao Border Region, the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps fought bravely and wrote songs of resistance against Japan with their blood and lives.

In the bright land, countless people actively participated in the anti-Japanese struggle, crushed the enemy’s plot and defeated the enemy’s invasion. Almost every village became a strong fortress in the anti-Japanese struggle and wrote a heroic and fearless anti-Japanese epic.

Only by remembering history can we grasp the present; Do not forget your initiative mind, can create the future. Today, Guangming District Media Center, Shi Zhiban, District Party-Mass Service Center, Green Guangming.com and Baoan Daily specially launched the tenth issue of a series of reports on "A Hundred Years of Party History and Bright Footprints", "Bright soldiers and civilians who are not afraid of Japanese invaders’ gunfire, have written songs against Japan with their blood and life." Let’s cross the trestle of time and space, pursue the bright red footprint, carry forward the spiritual blood of communist party people through the eventful years of the past, carry forward the fearless revolutionary spirit of our ancestors, and turn it into a powerful spiritual force for us to catch up with running and pursue Excellence.

People’s Self-Defense Forces in Dongbao Border Area Strengthen Anti-Japanese Activities in Guangming.

The anti-Japanese struggle in bright areas began.

On October 12, 1938, the Japanese army landed in Daya Bay and began a full-scale invasion of South China. The situation in Baoan, not far from Daya Bay, is very serious. Zhang Guangye, secretary of the CPC Dongbao Border Working Committee, and others evacuated to Guanlan Zhangge and Baihuadong. Huang Gaoyang, a member of the Dongbao Border Working Committee, led the Dongguan Qingtang Self-Defense Forces to Baihuadong to join Zhang Guangye.

Japanese troops landed on the beach in Daya Bay.

On November 23rd, in order to consolidate its occupied area, the Japanese army occupying Guangzhou carried out crazy "mopping-up" along the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway. When the Japanese army returned to the division to "mop up", the Dongbao Border Working Committee informed the armed forces to concentrate on Zhangge to deal with the Japanese army. The 913 regiment of the 153 rd Division of the Kuomintang Army was defeated by the Japanese army, and more than 200 people retreated to Baihuadong, losing contact with the division headquarters, in a difficult situation, and their morale was shaken. The Working Committee of Dongbao Border Region immediately sent people to work for the head of the regiment, encouraged them to stay and persist in the war of resistance, and set up a temporary political department in the regiment, and the Working Committee sent more than 20 people to the regiment to do political work. The director of the Political Department is Qiguang Wang, and the deputy director is Cai Zipei.

Guangdong people’s anti-Japanese guerrillas strengthen their anti-Japanese activities in Guangming.

Scenes of anti-Japanese heroic epic will go down in history forever.

(1) Stop the stubborn Kuomintang army.

During the tense critical period of anti-Japanese war, the Kuomintang die-hards kept harassing the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. In the early spring of 1941, thousands of stubborn Kuomintang troops attacked the centers of Yangtai Mountain’s anti-Japanese base areas such as Guanlan and Longhua Town. The Fifth Brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla took advantage of the favorable local terrain and adopted flexible tactics to drive out the stubborn army. But the stubborn army was unwilling to fail and attacked again. The Fifth Brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla went around behind the stubborn army, severely attacked the stubborn army’s follow-up troops in Daping and Baihuadong, and attacked the stubborn army’s arsenal in Kucao Cave in Qingxi, forcing the stubborn army to withdraw from the base area.

Baihuadong Revolutionary Martyrs Monument

(2) Baihuadong Battle

At the turn of spring and summer in 1941, the Japanese army invaded Guanlan from Gongming through Jingkou Village and along Majijing Mountain Road. After the third brigade of Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla found the enemy’s situation on the mountain between Zhangge Village and Baihuadong, it immediately organized a battle, so that the enemy was attacked by the third brigade before entering the village. In the course of the battle, Lin Wenhu, the captain of the short spear of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla, fought hand-to-hand with the enemy in the rush, killing three Japanese soldiers in a row. Since then, the soldiers in the army and the local people have called him "Tiger Boy".

The guerrillas who ambushed the Japanese army.

(3) Interception of the Japanese Wushiyan "mopping up"

On the morning of August 15th, 1941, 300 Japanese troops stationed in Nantou "swept" Wushiyan area in two ways, all the way from the front to the north through Baimang, and all the way from the northwest through Yulu and Changzhen. After meeting at Wushiyan, two Japanese troops advanced along Wulong Highway. The second squadron of the fifth brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrillas intercepted in Xiaohuangtian. The two sides fought fiercely for one day and the Japanese army returned to Wushiyan.

Japanese troops occupied the south end of Baoan County.

(4) Fighting against the encirclement of stubborn armies

In the summer of 1942, more than 1,000 Kuomintang troops from Humen, Dongguan and Guanlan, Baoan, arrived at the back of Dongqi Mountain, 600 meters high in Zhangge Village near Baihuadong Village, and surrounded Zhangge Village in an attempt to destroy the guerrilla headquarters. More than 600 Guangdong people’s anti-Japanese guerrillas advanced on Dongqi Mountain, and the two armies launched a fierce positional war. The next day, guerrilla units were forced to withdraw from the battle, and 13 anti-Japanese warriors died heroically.

Inscription on Baihuadong Revolutionary Martyrs Monument

Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps strengthens its anti-Japanese activities in Guangming.

Wrote a touching anti-Japanese poem.

(A) smash the Japanese "10,000-person sweep"

On November 18, 1943, more than 9,000 Japanese troops adopted the tactics of "encirclement with iron walls" and launched a "10,000-man sweep" against the Dalingshan base area in Dongguan, west of the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, in an attempt to wipe out the main force of the anti-Japanese guerrilla corps in Dongguan in one fell swoop, which was dealt a heavy blow by the Pearl River column and the third brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese guerrilla corps. In less than 10 days, the Japanese puppet troops withdrew from various "sweeps". On December 4th, the Japanese army once again mobilized troops to "besiege" the Yangtai Mountain base area. At 8 o’clock in the morning, more than 100 Japanese troops marched from heaven to Wushiyan via Guanlanwei, Baihuadong and Dashuikeng, and the Pearl River team and Baoan Brigade ambushed in Dashuikeng. After a day of fierce fighting, the Japanese army fled to Baihuadong. The Pearl River Column, the Third Brigade and the Baoan Brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps jointly fought and heroically killed the enemy, and won the victory against "mopping up", forcing the main forces of the Japanese puppet troops to withdraw from the anti-Japanese base areas in Dongguan and Baoan and retreat to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway Line.

Announcement No.1 of Dongjiang Column Command of Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla

(2) Jiefang Gongming Fair

On June 20th, 1943, Baoan Brigade of Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps annihilated Gongmingwei puppet troops. On July 19th, a team of Bao ‘an Brigade cooperated with the Pearl River column to attack Wu Dongquan Brigade headquarters and a squadron of the puppet army in Gongmingwei at night, forcing Wu Dongquan to escape and Gongmingwei to be liberated.

(3) Countering the Japanese Puppet

On March 13, 1944, the Independent Third Squadron of Dongjiang Column of Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps met the enemy and puppet troops in Baihuadong, Guanlan, killing and injuring dozens of people below the deputy head of the puppet 30 th Division. In June 1944, the Japanese army mobilized a division to deploy troops along the coast and along the Yangtze River in Huidongbao, and constantly attacked the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians along the line. The liberation brigade of the Pearl River column fought side by side with the first detachment of the Dongjiang column, and fought back against the Japanese army from Gongmingwei to Huangsonggang, driving the Japanese army back to the manhole line. In July, 1945, the first and second detachments of Dongjiang Column counterattacked the Japanese troops on Baotai Line from Gongmingwei to Huangsonggang, wiped out one of their brigades and wiped out the puppet troops in Shajing.

Dongjiang column headquarters former site

The bright people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China launched a vigorous anti-Japanese struggle.

Every village in Guangming has become a fortress in the anti-Japanese struggle.

In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the bright people have always been indomitable, actively participated in anti-Japanese armed forces such as the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Force, and stood up against Japanese aggression. In Baihuadong, an anti-Japanese guerrilla zone, where the working committee of Dongbao Border Region is mainly engaged, in Gongming Shuibei Village, where Luxi County Committee is stationed and one of the main venues of anti-Japanese culture and education, in Loucun and Zhou Jiacun, the birthplace of Shenzhen Party organization and revolution, in Hongxing Village, one of the anti-Japanese base areas of Dongjiang Column, and in Changzhen Village, where the first detachment of Dongjiang Column is stationed from 1941 to 1945, almost every village in bright areas is a fortress and battlefield of anti-Japanese struggle. In 1942, the Japanese puppet troops repeatedly "mopped up" in an attempt to wipe out the anti-Japanese guerrillas. In the face of the sinister situation, the Guanlan Party organization selected personnel from the Baihuadong Youth Anti-Japanese Association in July of that year to form an anti-traitor group to spy on the enemy’s situation. In October 1943, it cooperated with the troops to crack down on a Kuomintang secret service organization and wiped it out.

Today’s appearance of Shuibei Village (Xianxia Village)

People in all parts of Guangming spared no effort to protect the guerrillas from Japanese invasion, sent information to the troops, and stored and transported a large number of weapons, equipment and materials for the anti-Japanese struggle, thus ensuring the guerrilla’s anti-Japanese battle. On July 19th, 1943, Bao ‘an Brigade of Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps cooperated with the Pearl River column to liberate Gongmingwei. Chen Ruiqiong, a woman from Shuibei Village (Xiacun Village), risked her life for many times to protect the soldiers of Dongjiang column and cover our soldiers out of danger. In June, 1945, the leader of the Japanese Puppet Army stationed at the south end of Bao ‘an planned to go to Luxi to grab grain. In Guanlan underground, party member mobilized more than 2,000 people from various villages to go to Gongming, Yanchuan and other places overnight to grab more than 2,000 tons of grain, which was transported to Baihuadong and other villages for concealment, crushing the enemy’s plot to grab grain and winning the struggle against it.

With the heroic struggle of soldiers and civilians in bright areas, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has continued to push forward, and the dawn of victory is just around the corner. On August 15th, 1945, the people of China ushered in the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

(Source: Guangming Rongmei)

　　Convene a conference on the compilation of flora and fauna in China
　　　　China Fauna and Flora is a national basic scientific data, which comprehensively and systematically summarizes the species, distribution, systematic relationship and economic significance of China’s organisms, and provides basic data for the exploration and utilization of national biological resources and related construction, scientific research and teaching work. The national flora and fauna is one of the symbols reflecting the development level of a country’s biological science. Many countries in the world attach great importance to compiling national flora and fauna. In 1959 and 1963, China Academy of Sciences established the Editorial Committee of Flora of China and Fauna of China, and organized relevant biologists inside and outside the Academy to compile the Fauna and Flora of China.
　　With the approval of the State Council, the conference on the compilation of flora and fauna of China hosted by China Academy of Sciences was held in Guangzhou from February 29th to March 7th, 1973. Attending the meeting were 181 representatives from relevant scientific research units, universities, science and technology management departments, cultural, educational and health units in 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. This meeting discussed some principles of compiling flora and fauna, such as: compiling flora and fauna should be improved on the basis of popularization, and it should be strict and scientific, reflecting the level of China; We should not only ensure quality, but also strive for speed, so as not to affect quality because of greed and quickness, and also avoid delaying time because of unrealistic requirements for quality; In the deployment of work, it is necessary to prioritize, and concentrate as much as possible on the flora and fauna that are closely related to the economy, important in the scientific sense and rich in information, and prepare them first to ensure completion; Correctly handle the relationship between the compilation of China flora and fauna and local flora and fauna, and pay attention to giving full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments.
　　At the meeting, the editorial boards of Flora of China and Fauna of China were adjusted and enriched, and the editorial board of Spore Flora of China was established. These three editorial boards are led by the Institute of Botany, the Institute of Zoology and the Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences respectively. The meeting drew up the compilation plans (drafts) of Fauna of China, Flora of China and Flora of Spore of China. These drafts will be implemented as formal plans after obtaining the consent of relevant competent departments and units undertaking tasks.
　　Reprints of China Science and Science Bulletin
　　China Science and Science Bulletin, comprehensive natural science journals sponsored by China Academy of Sciences, were suspended for seven years after the Cultural Revolution. At the strong demand of the majority of scientific workers, it was reissued in February this year and publicly issued at home and abroad.
　　The editorial board appointed by the Academy of Sciences is responsible for editing the reissue of China Science, which is divided into Chinese and foreign languages. It publishes papers that study natural science theories and summarize production struggles and scientific experiments; Papers from different schools of natural science and articles on major scientific and technological achievements. On February 17th, the Academy of Sciences informed the Science Bulletin that there would be no editorial board, and the editorial board of China Science would be responsible for it. It publishes scientific and technological research achievements, academic trends and some critical articles. In the historical environment at that time, the two publications had to compile and distribute some political articles. The first issue of Science Bulletin was published in July.
　　By September this year, there were more than 30 kinds of journals and intermediate academic journals that stopped publishing in 1966.
　　Establishment of theoretical system of bulk fluidization in chemical metallurgy
　　The theoretical system of bulk fluidization in chemical metallurgy was put forward by Guo Musun, a researcher at the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in his article "Bulk Fluidization in Chemical Metallurgy". This paper was published in the third issue of China Science in 1973, and was read out at the first Iranian chemical engineering conference in May of that year.
　　Fluidization refers to the state that solid particles are suspended under the action of fluid, and the particle group at this time is similar to fluid. Generally speaking, fluidization can be divided into two categories: scattered fluidization and aggregated fluidization. The granular materials in the fluidized bed are evenly dispersed and smoothly fluidized, which is called loose fluidization. Usually, liquid-solid systems form bulk fluidization. Fluidization technology has been used in industry for decades and is a mature technology. However, due to the complexity of the movement law of particles and fluids, the complex factors of chemical reaction and reactor, and the fluidization technology itself involves many disciplines such as multiphase fluid mechanics, chemical reaction engineering, particle science and statistics, etc. Although scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical research work and accumulated a lot, there is no completely unified theory to describe it, and there is also a lack of methods for reactor scale-up and design, so the design scale-up of industrial fluidized reactors is still based on experience.
　　Guo Musun’s paper points out the characteristics of a completely uniform ideal fluidization system and explains some concise parameter relations in this ideal fluidization. This theory can be used as a useful tool to analyze many practical fluidization engineering problems, clarify the relationship and operation mechanism of various operating variables, explain some practical phenomena, and have enlightenment significance for the design method and development direction of fluidization technology. On the basis of summarizing predecessors’ work, Guo Musun grasped the characteristics of uniform and stable liquid-solid bulk fluidization, put forward the theory of bulk fluidization, and formed an independent and complete theoretical system, which was a breakthrough in the basic theoretical research of fluidization and applied it in practice. This research achievement won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award in 1982.
　　The science and technology group of the State Council Science and Education Group was merged into the Academy of Sciences.
　　On August 11th, the State Council Science and Education Group and China Academy of Sciences issued a joint notice to all localities and departments, and China Academy of Sciences was responsible for organizing the formulation of long-term scientific and technological plans and annual plans for civil use, the allocation of three scientific and technological expenses and corresponding materials, and the coordination and inspection of plans. On August 24th, the office meeting of China Academy of Sciences decided that the agency responsible for this work should be the Science and Technology Office of China Academy of Sciences.
　　After the merger of the State Science and Technology Commission and China Academy of Sciences on July 1, 1970, China Academy of Sciences set up the first business group (also known as business group 1) to take charge of the work of the former State Science and Technology Commission. After the National Conference on Education in July 1971, the State Council decided to set up a science and education group to take charge of the work of the former State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Education. Li Siguang is the team leader, and Liu Xiyao and Chi Qun are the deputy team leaders. After Li Siguang’s death in 1971, Liu Xiyao took over as the leader of the State Council Science and Education Group.
　　In July and August, 1972, the Science and Education Group and the Academy of Sciences agreed that the national science and technology management work should be centralized by the Science and Education Group of the State Council, and the business personnel of the comprehensive plan and scientific experiment dynamic group of the first business group of the Academy of Sciences were transferred to the Science and Education Group to form a science and technology group. In May, 1973, the Science and Education Group asked Premier the State Council and Premier Zhou Enlai for instructions, and thought that the China Academy of Sciences, which is in charge of scientific and technological work in various departments and localities of the national economy, has great limitations, so it is difficult to do a good job and it is easy to attend to one thing and lose sight of another. It is suggested that the scientific and technological work in the production and construction of various departments and localities of the national economy should be planned and coordinated by the State Planning Commission. Medical and health science and technology work is still centralized by the Ministry of Health. The report also puts forward specific suggestions on the tasks and responsibilities of the State Council Science and Education Group in science and technology. The State Council did not reply to the report. However, after the establishment of the Science and Education Group, Premier Zhou Enlai repeatedly suggested that the Science and Education Group should not have more staff, and the scientific and technological work should rely on the China Academy of Sciences.
　　In August, 1973, the members of the Science and Technology Group of the State Council Science and Education Group withdrew to China Academy of Sciences, and continued to be responsible for the management of national science and technology work in the name of the Office of Science and Technology. This situation was maintained until the reconstruction of the State Science and Technology Commission.
　　Complete the determination of 1.8 angstrom pig insulin crystal structure.
　　In August, the Beijing insulin crystal structure research group, composed of the Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Biophysics and relevant personnel from Peking University, completed the determination of the crystal structure of 1.8 angstrom pig insulin.
　　The determination of insulin crystal structure began in June 1967. Insulin is a biological hormone, and it is the smallest protein. The biological activity of protein is not only related to its chemical structure (generally called primary structure), but also closely related to its spatial structure (generally called three-dimensional structure). The purpose of determining the crystal structure of insulin is to determine the relative position and relationship of each atom of insulin molecule in three-dimensional space, which can provide an important basis for further studying the mechanism of its biological activity and exploring the relationship between its structure and function. The work of the research group includes: the cultivation of insulin single crystal, the preparation of heavy atom derivatives, the collection and processing of X- ray diffraction data, the calculation of phase angle of structural factors, the analysis and interpretation of electron density diagram, the establishment of structural model and other steps. On the basis of measuring the resolution of 4 angstrom and 2.5 angstrom in September 1970 and January 1971, the measurement of the resolution of 1.8 angstrom was completed in August this year. The research on the determination of the crystal structure of porcine insulin won the second prize of the National Natural Science in 1982.
　　Like the synthetic yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid, the research on the determination of the crystal structure of porcine insulin was successful in the Cultural Revolution, thanks to the support of Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen.
　　The initial-boundary value difference method and the mathematical basis of flow calculation are put forward
　　Since 1960, the Computational Mathematics Laboratory has been undertaking the research on aerodynamic and aerothermal numerical methods of missiles and satellites, and has provided a large amount of data for the entrusting department. By the mid-1960s, Zhu Youlan and others put forward a set of systematic and high-precision calculation methods based on the theory of separation singularity and characteristics-the difference method for initial-boundary value problems and inviscid flow, and in 1973 gave the mathematical basis of the methods.
　　This method has high accuracy. At that time, because of the equipment embargo, it was impossible to import large-capacity and ultra-high-speed computers, and the aerodynamic force and flow field of aircraft could be well calculated by using the computer developed by China. Not only the shape of the blunt cone can be accurately calculated, but also the shape and flow field of the blunt cone-column-skirt combination can be accurately calculated. It has provided the results of flow field data for the first recoverable satellite in China, and contributed to the safe and accurate return of the satellite to the ground. Users praised this method for giving a set of numerical methods for initial-boundary value problems of hyperbolic equations, which achieved high accuracy and were more perfect, more careful and more unique than similar works abroad. In 1982, this achievement won the third prize of the National Natural Science Award.
　　Model 655 computer was successfully trial-produced.
　　In 1964, IBM Corporation of the United States announced the successful development of the IBM360 integrated circuit computer system, which opened the curtain of the third generation computer, and this trend attracted the attention of computer technology experts in China. The following year, East China Computing Institute began to develop 655 integrated circuit computers. The required integrated circuits are trial-produced by Shanghai Metallurgical Institute and relevant semiconductor factories in Shanghai. The machine was successfully trial-produced in 1973, with an operation speed of 1 million times per second and a memory capacity of 128,000 words. At that time, it was the fastest integrated circuit computer with the largest memory capacity in China.
　　This computer, together with Model 013 integrated circuit computer with a computing speed of 2 million times per second, which was developed in 1976, jointly undertook a large number of computing tasks in the development of atomic bombs, missiles and artificial satellites after the 109 C computer.

Recently, Volkswagen’s compact car-2024 is on the market! A total of six models have been launched, with the price starting from 127,900 yuan. The appearance is exquisite and concise. What is the product strength? Analysis and offer!

First of all, look at the power part. The new car is equipped with 1.2T and 1.5T engines. The maximum power of the engine is 116 HP and 160 HP respectively, matching the 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox. And you can use 92

Looking at the face value part again, the new car still continues the shape of the old model. The headlights on both sides of the front face are irregularly designed, and the interior is a dot matrix light source, which is very eye-catching after lighting. The middle is a banner-style air intake grille, and it is decorated with chrome-plated materials, which is more exquisite. The diversion groove below is a through design, combined with the blackened air inlet, which makes the movement feel online.

In terms of body size, the new car has a length of 4791mm, a width of 1801mm, a height of 1465mm and a wheelbase of 2731 mm. In terms of styling design, smooth roof lines are used by classic sedan cars. The waistline is tough, echoing the decorative strips under the car door, which is more layered. Coupled with multi-frame wheels, it further enhances the sense of movement.

Turning to the rear of the car, the roof is designed with a duckling tail, and the taillights are three-dimensional, blackened and matched with the brand logo, which is highly recognizable. The rear enclosure is wrapped in black decorative board, decorated with chrome-plated decorative strips, combined with hidden exhaust layout, simple and exquisite.

Entering the car, the three-position steering wheel, full LCD instrument panel, large-size central control panel and mechanical stop bar constitute the driving area in the car. The seat is designed for 5 seats, and it is wrapped with a lot of soft materials, which makes it comfortable. In terms of configuration, panoramic sunroof, voice recognition system, adaptive far and near light function, headlight follow-up steering and keyless entry in front row are provided according to different models.

On the whole, the appearance of the new car is exquisite and concise, the interior texture is online, and with two kinds of power options, the product strength is good. Then the question is, if it were you, would you choose this car?

Distribution map of Giant Panda National Park

Nowadays, the giant panda has become a business card for Sichuan’s foreign exchanges.

On September 29th, 2019 China (Sichuan) Giant Panda International Eco-tourism Festival opened.

As one of the "Three Ninth National Congress", the giant panda not only represents the achievements of Sichuan’s ecological civilization construction, but also brings together Sichuan’s regional culture and characteristics.

Standing at a new starting point, we look back on our past achievements and look forward to the future development.

Since the French missionary David discovered and named the giant panda in 1869, the giant panda has gradually become a business card for Sichuan and even China.

As an endemic species in China, the wild population of giant pandas is only distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and the active area is less than 0.3% of the national territory. Since 2017, in order to protect this 0.3%, Sichuan, as the lead province, has comprehensively piloted the national park system and constantly explored higher levels and better protection. A national park where giant pandas live and work in peace and contentment and give full play to the role of umbrella protection is striding forward.

Stand firm in one direction

State-owned, shared by the whole people and passed down from generation to generation, realizing authenticity and integrity protection.

This is the expectation of the whole society for Sichuan-to build a national park, protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem and leave a natural heritage for future generations. To this end, we must adhere to the national park owned by the state, shared by the whole people and passed down from generation to generation.

This is an unavoidable fact-the survival of some minimal populations is not optimistic, and the protection mechanism needs to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the authenticity and integrity of the giant panda habitat and truly "protect the places that should be protected the most".

How to protect the last home of the giant panda and how to protect it, which only accounts for 0.3% of China’s land area?

Sichuan’s thinking has never stopped. As early as more than 20 years ago, some cities (States))And the forestry department launched an initiative to build national parks and explore a higher-level protected land model.

Subsequently, the initiative was gradually transformed into reality. In 2013, with the help of the reconstruction after the "4.20" Lushan earthquake, the provincial party committee and government incorporated the "Ya ‘an Giant Panda Park Construction" into the relevant planning. From 2014 to the beginning of 2016, Sichuan began preliminary exploration in Chengdu, Mianyang and Ya ‘an. It was in 2016 that local exploration finally rose to a national strategy. At the end of this year, the Central Committee deliberated and passed the "Pilot Program of Giant Panda National Park System" to clarify the main responsibilities of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.

Behind the main responsibility is Sichuan’s unique advantages in resources, technology and talents. From a realistic point of view, the area of giant panda habitat in Sichuan is 20177 square kilometers, accounting for 74.36% of the whole country; There are 1205 wild populations of giant pandas in Sichuan, accounting for more than 70% of the national total; Sichuan has gathered most of the research resources of giant pandas in China, accumulated the richest protection experience and built the most perfect protected area system.

Subject responsibility is not only honor, but also responsibility and pressure.

Looking at China, there is no experience to learn from the national park system pilot. How to combine the deployment of the central government with the reality of Sichuan and make Sichuan contributions to national parks?

Looking at itself, Sichuan is divided into seven cities (states))There are 63 protected areas in China, with diverse land use, complex ownership of natural resources and common overlapping of institutional functions. At the same time, habitat fragmentation, difficult coordination between protection and development, scattered and overlapping institutions, insufficient scientific and technological support and service capacity still exist.

Under the current pressure, Sichuan answered loudly: be brave in taking responsibility, push at a high level, and make solid progress. In the month when the central government issued the pilot program, the provincial party committee and government held a special meeting to study and deploy related work. Subsequently, a high-standard pilot work promotion leading group was set up. Starting from the top-level design, Sichuan clearly marked the national park pilot ideas, methods and objectives-

There are rules and regulations to lock in the core of protecting the wild population and habitat of giant pandas, innovate the management system and mechanism of ecological protection, integrate cross-regional and cross-departmental management resources, explore the management mode of national parks with China characteristics, and build national parks with global influence.

The five pilot tasks-strengthening biodiversity protection with giant pandas as the core, innovating ecological protection management system, exploring sustainable community development mechanism, establishing ecological protection operation mechanism, and carrying out ecological experience and popular science education-are clear one by one, and the central strategic deployment is transformed into executable and operable "Sichuan Action".

From a high starting point, at the beginning of the pilot, an expert advisory committee led by seven academicians and spanning multiple disciplines was announced, and a high-level think tank was set up to meet international standards, and combined with the actual situation in Sichuan, it constantly made suggestions for the pilot system of the Giant Panda National Park.

Fast-paced, over the past two years, our province has established communication and coordination mechanisms with relevant departments of the central government and Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and issued more than 80 documents to promote the implementation of the work, covering the survey and definition of the Giant Panda National Park, scientific zoning, institutional setup, and artificial control.

In the first year of the pilot, we took the lead in printing and distributing the pilot implementation plan, defined 23 key tasks during the pilot period, such as the establishment of institutions, the construction of a comprehensive law enforcement system for resources and environment, and the construction of a natural resource asset management system, and implemented the road map, timetable and responsible units one by one.

Break a new path gradually

A number of reform measures have made progress, and the giant panda’s vision of "living in peace" has been continuously spread.

From 2017 to now, Sichuan has continuously promoted the national park system pilot, and made great efforts to make progress in the fields of institution building, human activity control, zoning adjustment, and planning preparation.

Establish a management organization system and continuously extend the management tentacles. In January this year, Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau officially added the brand of "Sichuan Provincial Administration of Giant Panda National Park" to undertake the specific work of system pilot. Subsequently, seven cities (states))Set up management sub-bureaus respectively, and the management tentacles continue to extend downward. On this basis, Sichuan has initially established a three-level management system. At the same time, the Sichuan Giant Panda Science Research Institute was established to be responsible for giant pandas, national parks and related scientific research and planning.

Delineate the red line of control and set up a "firewall" in the pilot area. In the first year of the pilot, Sichuan made a heavy blow-completely stopped the examination and approval of production and operation projects in the pilot area, and "vetoed" new mining projects. Subsequently, the contents, conditions, procedures and measures of strict control or differentiated management during the pilot period were clarified. In the meantime, 325 outstanding problems in the pilot area were rectified, and all mining rights in the protected area and illegal production facilities in national parks were completely withdrawn. At present, Sichuan has gradually found out the population composition, business facilities, protection facilities, resources and other "family background" in national parks.

Law enforcement must be strict to protect the ecology. From 2017 to now, it has become normal to carry out special forest-related law enforcement actions in national parks, and no major forest-related criminal cases have occurred in the designated areas of our province.

Detailed implementation, transforming "road map" into "construction drawing". At the beginning of the pilot, Sichuan broke the departmental boundaries and worked with relevant departments to formulate a work plan for national park demarcation and mapping. Over the past two years, the field survey of national park boundaries and functional zoning boundaries has been completed, and a series of electronic atlas and list books which can be used for protection management and piling calibration have been formed. In the meantime, combining with the actual two fine-tuning zoning and functional zoning, we will ensure that the authenticity, integrity and connectivity of the natural ecosystem will be protected under the premise that the total area, habitat area, the number of protected giant pandas and the proportion of core protected areas will not be reduced, and the boundary and functional zoning of the giant panda national park in Sichuan will be more scientific and reasonable.

It is necessary to pilot and protect. Over the past two years, the provincial guidelines for the wild release of giant pandas have been formulated, which has risen to national norms. In the meantime, measures such as resource monitoring system construction, popular science recreation area construction, entrance community construction, improvement of people’s livelihood security and grid management have been introduced successively.

In addition to the construction of mechanism and system, taking the construction of national parks as an opportunity, the road to the protection of giant pandas in Sichuan has become smoother:

—— For more than two years, the second round of evaluation of the management capacity of the giant panda nature reserve in the province has been carried out comprehensively;

-Accumulated investment of 254 million yuan, continuous restoration of gene corridors in national parks, and gradual opening of communication barriers among populations;

-lock in ecologically fragile areas, carry out habitat vegetation restoration in Pingwu, Songpan and Mianzhu, and gradually expand the habitat area of small populations;

-We have successively built wild panda release bases in Xiaoxiangling, Daxiangling and Minshan, and released 1-2 pandas to nature every year;

—— Printing and distributing the technical regulations for the genetic archives of giant pandas, building individual DNA archives of giant pandas, carrying out dynamic monitoring of the giant panda population in 16 protected areas, detecting nearly 500 giant pandas, and promoting the fine management of the wild giant panda population;

-Strengthen habitat patrol management and comprehensive law enforcement of resources and environment, and rescue 2-4 sick and hungry wild pandas every year;

-Exploring provincial legislation in national parks and piloting "avoiding and withdrawing mining rights" in national parks;

-guide social forces to build and share, set up special funds, establish fund-raising platforms, carry out public welfare activities, and work together to promote accurate poverty alleviation in the designated areas.

As the deadline for the pilot project at the end of 2020 approaches, Sichuan’s exploration activities are moving at a steady pace, and the giant panda’s vision of "living in peace" is moving from imagination to reality.

Giant Panda National Park Exploration Course

At the end of 2013

During the reconstruction after the "April 20" Lushan earthquake, our province proposed to establish a "Giant Panda National Park" based on the wild giant panda habitat in Baoxing and Lushan disaster areas.

February 28th, 2015

The former Department of Wild Protection of the State Forestry Administration confirmed for the first time that the giant panda national park system was piloted in Sichuan and other places.

November 2015

The Seventh Plenary Session of the Tenth Provincial Party Committee wrote "Strengthening biodiversity protection and exploring the establishment of national parks with the theme of rare species such as giant pandas and special ecological types" into the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of Sichuan.

January 26th, 2016

The 12th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Finance and Economics decided to build a number of national parks relying on rare species to protect the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems.

April 2016

The Central Leading Group for Finance and Economics decided to start the preparation of pilot schemes for national park systems such as Giant Panda and Northeast Tiger and Leopard.

May 2016

As a leading province, Sichuan cooperates with Shaanxi and Gansu to study and formulate the delineation of the giant panda national park, the placement of institutional personnel, and the disposal of natural resources and property in the designated area. In August of that year, the relevant plans compiled by Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces were reported to the central government.

January 2017

The General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Pilot Program of the Giant Panda National Park System, and the pilot of the giant panda national system was launched in an all-round way.

April 2017

The leading group for promoting the pilot system of Sichuan Giant Panda National Park held its first plenary meeting.

October 29, 2018

Under the witness of relevant officials of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau and Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, the Giant Panda National Park Administration was unveiled in Chengdu.

January 2019

Seven branches of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Giant Panda National Park were listed.

January 15, 2019

Sichuan Giant Panda Research Institute was established.

Review 70 years

Sichuan Giant Panda Protection: From Zero to Global Leading

Sichuan, one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world; Giant panda, a unique species and umbrella species in Bashu, is the most recognizable cultural symbol of Sichuan and even China.

To a certain extent, the protection of giant panda population is a "barometer" of ecological civilization construction in Sichuan and even the whole country.

In the 70 years since the founding of New China, Sichuan has created a case of harmonious coexistence between man and nature: the captive and wild populations of giant pandas and their habitats have steadily increased. The feedback of protecting giant pandas is extremely rich-whether at home or overseas, as long as giant pandas are mentioned, people will think of Sichuan; As long as Sichuan is mentioned, people will think of giant pandas. Sichuan and the giant panda are complementary and inseparable.

In the golden autumn of 2019, at the opening of China (Sichuan) Giant Panda International Eco-tourism Festival in 2019, let’s look back on the magnificent journey of protecting giant pandas in Sichuan in the past 70 years and witness the road of ecological civilization construction in Sichuan in the past 70 years.

Action:

Start from scratch and forge ahead with the new China.

Some scholars have pointed out that the course of panda protection and scientific research is in step with the new China.

This statement is not empty. Looking back at history, the pioneer of protecting giant pandas was issued at the beginning of the founding of New China. In the 1950s, the central government made it clear that pandas should be properly protected. Subsequently, the giant panda and some associated species were included in the no-catch range.

The concept of protection is constantly jumping. In 1963, Sichuan established the first batch of five nature reserves, including Wolong in Wenchuan County, which refers to the protection of giant pandas and their forest ecosystems.

The pace of protection continues to accelerate. In 1980, the curtain of reform and opening-up just opened, and Wolong took the lead in joining the United Nations "Man and Nature" protected area network. Subsequently, in order to protect the giant panda, Tangjiahe Nature Reserve piloted ecological migration, taking retreat as progress, and gave the giant panda a complete home.

The intensity of protection has been gradually strengthened. In 1983, Wolong Special Administrative Region, the first and only ecological protection zone in China, was established. In the summer of that year, faced with the "famine" brought by the flowering of arrow bamboo, with the help of people all over the world, Sichuanese walked through the valleys and hills, bravely explored the primitive dense forests, and turned the national treasure into safety with their shoulders and sweat.

To protect the giant panda, one of the prerequisites is to crack the genetic code of its reproduction. In 1980 and 1987, China Giant Panda Conservation and Research Center and chengdu research base of giant panda were established successively, and almost at the same time, field observation stations were also set up. Two-pronged approach, focusing on artificial breeding, field ecology and behavior, and tackling scientific and technological problems one by one.

The means of protection is to restore the ecosystem on which giant pandas depend. To this end, major ecological projects were launched. In 1998, Sichuan took the lead in laying down its axe and starting the natural forest protection project. The following year, it was also the first in China, and the curtain of returning farmland to forests and grasslands in Sichuan was officially opened. Taking major ecological projects as the starting point, Sichuan has continuously implemented key ecological projects such as giant pandas and habitat protection, wildlife protection and nature reserves, and the habitat quality has been improving and the area has been increasing.

The goal of protection is to restore wild populations and wild habitats. Since 2005, Sichuan has taken the lead in carrying out ex situ rescue and wild training. In the meantime, two wild release bases, Xiaoxiangling and Daxiangling, have been built successively, and the giant pandas are constantly returning to their real "homes". Combined with post-disaster reconstruction, vegetation restoration and habitat restoration, Sichuan has strengthened the construction of giant panda corridors such as mud mountain, Huangtuliang, Tudiling and Tuowushan, effectively alleviating the fragmentation and islanding of each habitat.

Achievements:

Population, habitat area and wild release rank first, leading the world in scientific research.

What is the effectiveness of protecting giant pandas in Sichuan? A set of data illustrates the problem. According to the results of the fourth survey of giant pandas released in 2015, the population, habitat area and the number of giant pandas released into the wild in Sichuan have increased steadily. According to the evaluation of professional institutions, Sichuan giant panda research is in a leading position in the world.

After careful analysis, it is not difficult to find that this is a heavy report card:

-Looking at the habitat area, by 2014, the habitat area of giant pandas in Sichuan was 2.027 million hectares, accounting for nearly 80% of the total habitat area of giant pandas in China. In the same period, the potential habitat was 410,000 hectares, accounting for nearly half of the total potential habitat area of giant pandas in China.

-Looking at the population, the number of wild giant pandas increased from 909 in the 1980s to 1,387, an increase of over 50%. According to the fourth giant panda survey, there are 387 captive populations in Sichuan, which also ranks first in the country.

Behind the achievements is the continuous improvement of the protected land system. The data shows that up to now, 95 protected areas of various types have been built in the distribution area of giant pandas in Sichuan. Among them, there are 46 giant panda nature reserves. On this basis, more than 70% of wild giant pandas and 60% of giant panda habitats in Sichuan are included.

Behind the achievements, there is also a concept of protection that keeps pace with the times. Since the 1980s, Sichuan has carried out the second, third and fourth giant panda surveys, during which the statistical monitoring methods have been constantly updated to find out the family background of giant pandas in Sichuan, and at the same time, a dynamic and refined population management system has been initially established.

The achievement also comes from the fact that Sichuan people dare to be the first in the world. Up to now, 13 giant pandas have been released into the wild in the province, and some of them have "married and had children" in the wild.Late winter (image provided by Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau)